ライフサイエンスコーパス: mossy

1 o interneurons, it is as yet unclear whether mossy cell activity's net effect on granule cells is exc

2 3 region required LTP in both granule cell-->mossy cell and mossy cell-->granule cell synapses.

3 In addition, mossy fiber sprouting and mossy cell death were correlated with seizure severity.

4 mossy fiber sprouting, and (3) the extent of mossy cell death.

5 es, or mossy-fiber sprouting 5-6 weeks after mossy cell degeneration.

6 hese results indicate that the net effect of mossy cell excitation is to inhibit granule cell activit

7 Mossy cell loss, also implicated in epileptogenesis, was

8 velopment of TLE and also support a role for mossy cell loss.

9 expressed form of long-term potentiation at mossy cell outputs, shedding light on their mysterious f

10 Although the granule cell-mossy cell synapse was strong and facilitating, mossy ce

11 citatory cell type in the dentate gyrus, the mossy cell, forms an intricate circuit with granule cell

12 ed LTP in both granule cell-->mossy cell and mossy cell-->granule cell synapses.

13 Excitatory hilar mossy cells (MCs) in the dentate gyrus receive inputs fr

14 p11 and SMARCA3 are highly enriched in hilar mossy cells and basket cells.

15 outing in previous studies include surviving mossy cells and proximal CA3 pyramidal cells.

16 We find that mossy cells are significantly more active than dentate g

17 findings suggest that the granule cells and mossy cells could be modulated separately and their join

18 inguish in vivo firing properties of dentate mossy cells from granule cells during behavior.

19 on Ca(2+) imaging to monitor the activity of mossy cells in awake, behaving mice.

20 classification of dentate granule cells and mossy cells in mice that we validated by optogenetic tag

21 lts provide a functional characterization of mossy cells in the behaving animal and demonstrate their

22 t granule cells fired very sparsely, whereas mossy cells in the hilus fired promiscuously in multiple

23 Mossy cells in the hilus of the dentate gyrus constitute

24 f the hippocampus; namely, granule cells and mossy cells of the dentate gyrus, and pyramidal cells of

25 Although excitatory mossy cells of the hippocampal hilar region are known to

26 and local interneurons, but the influence of mossy cells on dentate function is often overlooked.

27 The impact of dentate mossy cells on hippocampal activity remained uncertain d

28 We show that hilar mossy cells provide initial glutamatergic synapses as we

29 sy cell synapse was strong and facilitating, mossy cells rarely "inherited" place fields from single

30 converge on the hilus, and excitatory hilar mossy cells redistribute these signals back to granule c

31 e week after injecting toxin into this line, mossy cells throughout the longitudinal axis were degene

32 In contrast, mossy cells were more active, had multiple place fields

33 miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs)recorded from hilar mossy cells without altering event amplitude, area, rise

34 from intra-hippocampal cells (interneurons, mossy cells, area CA3 and transiently, mature granule ce

35 Robust spatial remapping of mossy cells, in contrast to sparse firing of granule cel

36 used to measure hilar ectopic granule cells, mossy cells, mossy fiber sprouting, astrogliosis, and GA

37 nd calretinin interneurons, as well as hilar mossy cells, new adult-born neurons, and recently active

38 f hilar ectopic granule cells, the number of mossy cells, the extent of mossy fiber sprouting, the ex

39 upstream synapses between granule cells and mossy cells, with no detectable contribution from NMDA r

40 that we validated by optogenetic tagging of mossy cells.

41 tions of DG granule neurons by glutamatergic mossy cells.

42 toxin receptor was selectively expressed in mossy cells.

43 ranule cells, area CA1-3 pyramidal cells and mossy cells.

44 eristics that can identify granule cells and mossy cells.

45 lls and changes in firing field locations in mossy cells.

46 f sensory-motor context, which is encoded by mossy fiber (MF) activity.

47 to the distinct molecular properties of the mossy fiber (MF) and associational-commissural (AC) syna

48 ls (GrCs) and are driven both by feedforward mossy fiber (mf) and feedback GrC excitation.

49 The mossy fiber (MF) axons of the dentate granule cells conv

50 echanisms underlying information transfer at mossy fiber (mf) connections between the dentate gyrus (

51 (PFs) from granule cells (GCs) that receive mossy fiber (MF) input derived from precerebellar nuclei

52 tivation of dentate gyrus PIIs by excitatory mossy fiber (MF) inputs induces Hebbian long-term potent

53 The mossy fiber (MF) pathway is critical to hippocampal func

54 ansmission and long-term potentiation of the mossy fiber (MF) pathway.

55 et-specific synapse formation at hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) synapses, which connect dentate granule

56 The hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) terminal is among the largest and most

57 sibility that the physiological diversity of mossy fiber (MF) to granule cell (GC) synapses in the mo

58 eceive a single glutamatergic synapse from a mossy fiber (MF), which makes them an ideal model to stu

59 ngs the kinetics of KAR-mediated currents at mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 pyramidal cell synapses.

60 r slow channel kinetics, most prominently at mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 synapses in the hippocampus.

61 The mossy fiber (MF)-granule cell (GC) pathway conveys multi

62 istry for NKCC1, KCC2, and ectopic recurrent mossy fiber (rMF) sprouting as well as telemetric electr

63 ignaling changed linearly with the number of mossy fiber action potentials.

64 ental networks, were transiently paired with mossy fiber activation in such a way that the two events

65 Patterned mossy fiber activity induces rhythmic Golgi cell activit

66 Mossy fiber afferents to cerebellar granule cells form t

67 cell zones and the topographic targeting of mossy fiber afferents.

68 ediate heterosynaptic metaplasticity between mossy fiber and associational-commissural synapses.

69 conditioned using electrical stimulation of mossy fiber and climbing fiber afferents as CS and US, w

70 feedforward and feedback inhibition through mossy fiber and parallel fiber synapses.

71 tostimulation to mimic their excitation by a mossy fiber as it occurs in vivo.

72 stochemical (IHC) studies of the hippocampal mossy fiber axons and boutons using an antibody selectiv

73 tivity within granule cells was found within mossy fiber axons and giant synaptic boutons.

74 vesicular zinc activates TrkB in hippocampal mossy fiber axons under physiological conditions.

75 te to the pathologic retrograde sprouting of mossy fiber axons, both hallmarks of temporal lobe epile

76 brief trains of low-frequency stimulation of mossy fiber axons.

77 s drive retrograde sprouting of granule cell mossy fiber axons.

78 als such as the calyx of Held or hippocampal mossy fiber bouton.

79 ed the length of the presynaptic membrane of mossy fiber boutons, associated with a de novo formation

80 tive two-photon Ca(2+) imaging in cerebellar mossy fiber boutons, which fire at exceptionally high ra

81 heterogeneous amplitudes observed in single mossy fiber boutons.

82 esulted in an increased volume of the axonal mossy fiber bundle projecting from dentate granule cells

83 Thus, STDP can bind plasticity to the mossy fiber burst phase with high temporal precision.

84 by modulating the frequency and duration of mossy fiber bursts, probably because STDP expression inv

85 In addition, we found that mossy fiber clustering, which is a common anatomical pat

86 , we found that BDNF derived from excitatory mossy fiber endings controls their differentiation.

87 impacts both AMPA and NMDA components of the mossy fiber EPSC.

88 This low-frequency potentiation of mossy fiber EPSCs requires postsynaptic mGlu1 receptors

89 an be released from these cells and modulate mossy fiber excitability through activation of GABAB aut

90 at facilitate filter construction are direct mossy fiber excitation of Golgi cells, variability of sy

91 ked phasic and spillover inhibition prior to mossy fiber excitation.

92 erved alpha7 nAChR-mediated calcium rises at mossy fiber giant terminals, indicating the presence of

93 urons to determine the effect of nicotine on mossy fiber glutamatergic synaptic transmission.

94 lar layer, here, we shift attention onto the mossy fiber granule cell (GrC) relay.

95 imary conveyors of sensory and motor-related mossy fiber information to Purkinje cells.

96 combinatorial diversity saturates quickly as mossy fiber input diversity increases, and that this sat

97 e cerebellum receives sensory information by mossy fiber input from a multitude of sources that requi

98 We found that theta-burst stimulation of mossy fiber input in lobule 9 granule cells lowered the

99 to regulate the response of granule cells to mossy fiber input in lobules 2 and 9 of the rat cerebell

100 e found that long-term potentiation (LTP) of mossy fiber input invoked a large increase in granule ce

101 Mossy fiber input is known to exhibit a long-term potent

102 elation of these subtypes to the response to mossy fiber input is not clear.

103 stsynaptic mechanisms contributing to LTP of mossy fiber input is unknown.

104 ular cerebellar cortex receive glutamatergic mossy fiber input on an elaborate brush-like dendrite.

105 drites received significantly more recurrent mossy fiber input through their apical dendrites, indica

106 tput became evident in response to bursts of mossy fiber input, revealing that Kv4 control of intrins

107 As granule cells receive mossy fiber input, they represent a key stage at which p

108 tely 2 ms before Purkinje cells, following a mossy fiber input.

109 ule cell activity as a function of timing of mossy fiber input.

110 anule cells (GrCs) sample approximately four mossy fiber inputs and are thought to form a combinatori

111 on whether individual granule cells receive mossy fiber inputs from multiple precerebellar nuclei or

112 s support that SynCAM 1 modulates excitatory mossy fiber inputs onto both interneurons and principal

113 simulation, cessation of one of two ongoing mossy fiber inputs produces a robust temporal code in th

114 Cerebellar granule cells receive mossy fiber inputs that convey information on different

115 Using stimulation of mossy fiber inputs to the cerebellum as training stimuli

116 es spatiotemporal information transmitted by mossy fiber inputs with a wide variety of firing pattern

117 receive segregated and functionally distinct mossy fiber inputs, enabling Golgi cells to regulate the

118 codes the interval between the offset of two mossy fiber inputs.

119 h more likely to send at least one recurrent mossy fiber into the molecular layer.

120 cle pool distribution, impaired induction of mossy fiber long-term potentiation and deficits in hippo

121 nstream effector of cAMP that contributes to mossy fiber LTP (MF-LTP), but the potential contribution

122 ber projections to CA3 pyramidal cells place mossy fiber NMDARs in a prime position to influence CA3

123 Moreover, we found that mossy fiber NMDARs mediate heterosynaptic metaplasticity

124 Local blockade of zinc or MAPK in the mossy fiber pathway of wild-type mice impairs contextual

125 astrocyte engagement in the fully developed mossy fiber pathway was slow and territorial, contrary t

126 ng to, or regulating, single synapses in the mossy fiber pathway.

127 xplore astrocyte activity in the hippocampal mossy fiber pathway.

128 pmental gene expression characteristics with mossy fiber precerebellar nuclei that arise from the cau

129 nd disorganized infrapyramidal bundle of the mossy fiber projection from the dentate gyrus to CA3.

130 que functional properties of both NMDARs and mossy fiber projections to CA3 pyramidal cells place mos

131 In agreement, mossy fiber refinement in CA3 was impaired in SynCAM 1 K

132 ptic response with a subsequent subthreshold mossy fiber response induced long-term potentiation at C

133 the substrate for phase-dependent binding of mossy fiber spikes to repetitive theta-frequency cycles

134 with rapamycin displayed significantly less mossy fiber sprouting (42% of vehicle-treated animals),

135 d status epilepticus in mice, would suppress mossy fiber sprouting and affect the development of spon

136 Furthermore, loss of tamalin blunts mossy fiber sprouting and dendritic arborization caused

137 In addition, mossy fiber sprouting and mossy cell death were correlat

138 However, correlations between the extent of mossy fiber sprouting and seizure frequency are weak.

139 t would not have been detected by markers of mossy fiber sprouting in previous studies include surviv

140 ycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and suppresses mossy fiber sprouting in rats.

141 These findings suggest mossy fiber sprouting is neither pro- nor anti-convulsan

142 on of adult-born granule cells to functional mossy fiber sprouting is unknown, primarily due to techn

143 in sea lions was unilateral in 79% of cases, mossy fiber sprouting was a common neuropathological abn

144 eactivity or Timm-stained, and the extent of mossy fiber sprouting was measured stereologically.

145 Global suppression of mossy fiber sprouting was not observed; however, ESNP-de

146 ossy fiber sprouting, although the effect on mossy fiber sprouting was reversible after stopping rapa

147 Consistent with mossy fiber sprouting, a higher proportion of glutamate-

148 apamycin decreased neuronal degeneration and mossy fiber sprouting, although the effect on mossy fibe

149 age of hilar ectopic DGCs, (2) the amount of mossy fiber sprouting, and (3) the extent of mossy cell

150 re hilar ectopic granule cells, mossy cells, mossy fiber sprouting, astrogliosis, and GABAergic inter

151 granule cells also contributed to functional mossy fiber sprouting, but exhibited less synaptic depre

152 ith TLE and evaluated graft differentiation, mossy fiber sprouting, cellular morphology, and electrop

153 ls, the number of mossy cells, the extent of mossy fiber sprouting, the extent of astrogliosis, or th

154 l as less severe astrogliosis and attenuated mossy fiber sprouting.

155 m mice, associated with abnormal hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting.

156 KAR LTD is induced by high-frequency mossy fiber stimulation and natural spike patterns and r

157 poral fidelity of granule cell spikes during mossy fiber stimulation.

158 hat capillary diameter changes rapidly after mossy fiber stimulation.

159 formation and differentiation of the DG-CA3 mossy fiber synapse.

160 Mossy fiber synapses act as the critical mediators of hi

161 Mossy fiber synapses are assumed to exhibit presynaptic

162 nitor fine-structural changes at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses associated with chemically induced

163 bserved at CA3 associational/commissural and mossy fiber synapses but not CA1 Schaffer collateral syn

164 Mossy fiber synapses exhibit both pronounced short-term

165 to technical barriers in isolating sprouted mossy fiber synapses for analysis.

166 d frequency-dependent facilitation, sprouted mossy fiber synapses from adult-born cells exhibited pro

167 We directly activated sprouted mossy fiber synapses from adult-born granule cells to st

168 We tested whether PTP could convert mossy fiber synapses from subdetonator into detonator mo

169 urthermore, we tested synaptic plasticity of mossy fiber synapses in area CA3 and found increased lon

170 Surprisingly, however, although healthy mossy fiber synapses in CA3 are well characterized "deto

171 Remarkably, PTP switched mossy fiber synapses into full detonators for tens of se

172 Mossy fiber synapses on CA3 pyramidal cells are 'conditi

173 ic transmission (KAR LTD) at rat hippocampal mossy fiber synapses relieves inhibition of the sAHP by

174 pre- and postsynaptic structural changes at mossy fiber synapses that can be monitored by EM.

175 m NMDA receptor-independent LTP of local CA3 mossy fiber synapses.

176 ted synaptic transmission at rat hippocampal mossy fiber synapses.

177 long-term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses.

178 cellular substrate for expression of LTP at mossy fiber synapses.

179 ontextual memory and long-term plasticity at mossy fiber synapses.

180 hat locomotion can be directly read out from mossy fiber synaptic input and spike output in single gr

181 ranule cells, which may result from abnormal mossy fiber synaptic plasticity.

182 A decreasing gradient of mossy fiber synaptic strength along the proximodistal ax

183 Although mossy fiber terminals (MFTs) are known to express glutam

184 tial patterns of calcium elevations in giant mossy fiber terminals and support short-term facilitatio

185 rain sections from both mice and rats showed mossy fiber terminals as a group of large (2-5 mum in di

186 Hippocampal giant mossy fiber terminals display extensive short-term facil

187 GABA is released as a neurotransmitter from mossy fiber terminals during development.

188 labeled somata in the cerebellar nuclei and mossy fiber terminals in the cerebellar granule layer, c

189 Though, how giant mossy fiber terminals leverage distinct types of voltage

190 that, in the developing rodent hippocampus, mossy fiber terminals release GABA together with glutama

191 Postsynaptic targets of all labeled mossy fiber terminals were identified using immunohistoc

192 terminals in the same area where identified mossy fiber terminals were present.

193 activation of the Erk1/2 MAPK in hippocampal mossy fiber terminals, disinhibition of zinc-sensitive M

194 the morphological characteristics of typical mossy fiber terminals, the functional characteristics of

195 ssing some of the morphological hallmarks of mossy fiber terminals.

196 Mossy fiber termini in the hippocampus accumulate Zn(2+)

197 t long-term potentiation induction at single mossy fiber termini of dentate gyrus neurons in adult mo

198 ded into presynaptic vesicles in hippocampal mossy fiber termini upon KCl-induced depolarization, whi

199 xcitatory postsynaptic potential evoked by a mossy fiber that enhances NMDA receptor-mediated current

200 and morphological maturation of hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 pyramidal cell (mf-CA3) synapses is d

201 Excitatory synaptic strength at mossy fiber to CA3 pyramidal cell synapses is potentiate

202 A well established property of mossy fiber to CA3 pyramidal cell synapses is the extens

203 Glutamate spillover in the mossy fiber to granule cell cerebellar glomeruli has bee

204 the mossy fiber to nuclear cell synapse and mossy fiber to granule cell synapse.

205 ings of learning related potentiation at the mossy fiber to nuclear cell synapse and mossy fiber to g

206 ion of Purkinje cells, and plasticity at the mossy fiber to vestibular nuclei neuron synapse.

207 enhancing synaptic efficiency of hippocampal mossy fiber transmission.

208 Moreover, the number of new mossy fiber varicosities in these parts of the cerebella

209 way with rapamycin blocks granule cell axon (mossy fiber) sprouting after epileptogenic injuries, inc

210 contrast to the CA3-CA1 pathway, LTP in the mossy fiber-CA3 projection did not depend on MMP-3, indi

211 on plays a central role in plasticity at the mossy fiber-CA3 synapse of the hippocampus.

212 Thus, bidirectional NMDAR plasticity at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses could substantially contribute

213 bidirectional long-term NMDAR plasticity at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses in rat hippocampal slices.

214 on both P/Q- and N-type VGCCs at hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 synapses, the specific contribution of V

215 ermits efficacious homeostatic adjustment of mossy fiber-CA3 synapses, while preserving synaptic weig

216 ffer collateral-CA1 synapses, but not at the mossy fiber-CA3 synapses.

217 orm of plasticity imparts bimodal control of mossy fiber-driven CA3 burst firing and spike temporal f

218 t, helping to shape signal processing at the mossy fiber-granule cell relay.

219 ing at 6 Hz can optimally induce STDP at the mossy fiber-granule cell synapse in rats.

220 ikes at 6-10 Hz reliably induced STDP at the mossy fiber-granule cell synapse, with potentiation and

221 pses and (2) long-term potentiation (LTP) at mossy fiber-interpositus nucleus synapses.

222 These results implicate the mossy fiber-TE synapse as an independently tunable gain

223 However, at the mossy fiber-to-unipolar brush cell synapse in the cerebe

224 d by changes in short-term plasticity at the mossy fiber/CA3 circuit.

225 s short-term plasticity in a Purkinje cell's mossy fiber/parallel-fiber input pathways; 2) complex-sp

226 splayed a major impairment in cAMP-dependent mossy-fiber long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA3 regi

227 ufficient to impair the function of Syt12 in mossy-fiber LTP, suggesting that cAMP-dependent phosphor

228 l configurations for inducing and monitoring mossy-fiber LTP.

229 on serine-97 contributes to the induction of mossy-fiber LTP.

230 ctivity, spontaneous behavioral seizures, or mossy-fiber sprouting 5-6 weeks after mossy cell degener

231 ential for cAMP-dependent presynaptic LTP at mossy-fiber synapses, and a single amino-acid substituti

232 A-knockin impaired the long-term increase in mossy-fiber synaptic transmission induced by forskolin.

233 the hypothesis that zinc within vesicles of mossy fibers (mf) contributes to mf-LTP, a classical for

234 GoCs are excited by mossy fibers (MFs) and grcs and provide feedforward and

235 Electrical stimulation of mossy fibers (MFs) as well as microinjection of NMDA in

236 The mossy fibers (MFs) corelease glutamate and GABA onto pyr

237 n of function begins with the segregation of mossy fibers across 10 distinct lobules over the rostroc

238 r learning requires context information from mossy fibers and a teaching signal through the climbing

239 nflammation caused damage of the hippocampal mossy fibers and neuronal apoptotic death.

240 ion independently activates primary afferent mossy fibers and tertiary afferent climbing fibers that

241 proprioception are randomly mixed in spinal mossy fibers and that properties of granule cells are co

242 However, the most prevalent targets of mossy fibers are GABAergic interneurons and SynCAM 1 los

243 eport that subthreshold potentials evoked by mossy fibers are sufficient to induce synaptic plasticit

244 Specifically, mossy fibers are thought to both directly excite nuclear

245 ate CN activity; collaterals of climbing and mossy fibers are two, and the remaining two are provided

246 Our results suggest that, although sprouted mossy fibers form recurrent excitatory circuits with som

247 putative collateral branches terminating as mossy fibers in the cerebellar cortex.

248 r reorganization, including the sprouting of mossy fibers in the dentate gyrus; they establish aberra

249 the epileptic brain, inhibited sprouting of mossy fibers in the hippocampus, and prevented the progr

250 ression in loose clusters of spinocerebellar mossy fibers in the mouse AZ/PZ, whereas in rat CART imm

251 creased in axons but not synaptic boutons of mossy fibers in ZnT3 knockout mice that lack vesicular z

252 findings show that activation of hippocampal mossy fibers induces pre- and postsynaptic structural ch

253 ons and helps to expand the dynamic range of mossy fibers information transfer.

254 sensorimotor information carried by incoming mossy fibers is transformed before it is conveyed to Pur

255 Mossy fibers make excitatory inputs onto postsynaptic sp

256 gnatures of the specialized contacts between mossy fibers of dentate granule cells and thorny excresc

257 Brush Cells (UBCs), which generate intrinsic mossy fibers relaying vestibular inputs to the cerebella

258 pDOR-ir was less frequently found in mossy fibers terminals.

259 se AZ/PZ, whereas in rat CART immunoreactive mossy fibers terminated predominantly in the CZ/NZ.

260 t zinc modulation extends beyond hippocampal mossy fibers to excitatory SC-CA1 synapses.

261 SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The mossy fibers transiently corelease glutamate and GABA on

262 NT The common assumption that all cerebellar mossy fibers uniformly collateralize to the cerebellar n

263 but that the BDNF protein is present within mossy fibers which originate from cells located outside

264 s through aberrant sprouting of their axons (mossy fibers), which is found in many patients and anima

265 orm modeling of sparse and filopodia-bearing mossy fibers, finding that these circuit features unique

266 co-localize in the terminals of hippocampal mossy fibers, olfactory sensory neuron axons, and growth

267 in axons and synaptic boutons of hippocampal mossy fibers, thereby implicating BDNF in activation of

268 nuclei/spinal cord neurons that give rise to mossy fibers--and promotes GABAergic synapse formation a

269 dant in the synaptic vesicles of hippocampal mossy fibers.

270 at arise from the rhombic lip and that issue mossy fibers.

271 ct vestibular primary and secondary afferent mossy fibers.

272 s generated by antidromic stimulation of the mossy fibers.

273 ancelled by non-auditory signals conveyed by mossy fibers.

274 uit often assume that input signals from the mossy-fibers are expanded and recoded to provide a found

275 as negligible impact upon the integration of mossy fibre (MF) information.

276 sential for the lamina-specific targeting of mossy fibre axons onto CA3 pyramidal neurons in the deve

277 epticus, there were significant increases in mossy fibre bouton size, faster rates of action potentia

278 We also analysed the ultrastructure of rat mossy fibre boutons using transmission electron microsco

279 l that movement is accompanied by changes in mossy fibre input rate that drive membrane potential dep

280 We demonstrate that the major mossy fibre input system originating from the lateral re

281 We find that mossy fibre inputs to CbN cells generate unitary AMPA re

282 sicular release and recycling in hippocampal mossy fibre presynaptic boutons, we used (i) two-photon

283 of the hippocampus and co-localization with mossy fibre sprouting, a feature of temporal lobe epilep

284 ne vesicle mobility at excitatory cerebellar mossy fibre synapses which sustain transmission over a b

285 n is critical for the short-term dynamics of mossy fibre to CA3 synaptic function.

286 nce of Purkinje cell activity can facilitate mossy fibre-driven spiking by CbN cells, in turn driving

287 tage dependence and short-term plasticity of mossy fibre-mediated EPSCs.

288 synapses with CA3 pyramidal cells via large mossy-fibre boutons, but rather to all synapses formed b

289 l glutamatergic synaptic transmission at the mossy-fibre synapse because the amplitude, input-output

290 A few hundred mossy fibres active at a few tens of spikes s(-1) must c

291 ce demonstrate that synaptic excitation from mossy fibres becomes more effective at increasing the ra

292 Mossy fibres showed unprocessed, otolith afferent-like p

293 A few mossy fibres showed unprocessed, otolith afferent-like p

294 urkinje neurons and synaptic excitation from mossy fibres to generate cerebellar output.

295 well as direct vestibular afferent inputs as mossy fibres.

296 e inhibited by Purkinje cells and excited by mossy fibres.

297 Unfortunately, uncontrolled dendritic and mossy lithium growth, as well as electrolyte decompositi

298 wever, the lithium anode forms dendritic and mossy metal deposits, leading to serious safety concerns

299 nditioning, the CS and US are transmitted by mossy/parallel fibers and climbing fibers to cerebellar

300 The CS imaging shows that mossy types of microstructure grow close to the surface