ライフサイエンスコーパス: motoneuron

1 action (DE-3 motoneurons) and elongation (CV motoneurons).

2 bors that interact with dendrites of the hg1 motoneuron.

3 chanism of compensation on the medial rectus motoneuron.

4 function of L-type like calcium channels in motoneurons.

5 ociated slower recovery times than secondary motoneurons.

6 em that supports the firing of medial rectus motoneurons.

7 nd the axonal compartment of larval crawling motoneurons.

8 r action patterns at the level of individual motoneurons.

9 as well as the Drosophila ortholog dNMNAT in motoneurons.

10 ynamics and stability in axons of developing motoneurons.

11 inct classes of cells: primary and secondary motoneurons.

12 ythmic bursting (0.15-1 Hz) in lumbar flexor motoneurons.

13 n of glutamatergic NMDA receptors in phrenic motoneurons.

14 hibition (P-boutons) on retrogradely labeled motoneurons.

15 of late-born motoneurons but not early-born motoneurons.

16 omponent through functional linkages to wing motoneurons.

17 the face, mouth, tongue, larynx, and pharynx motoneurons.

18 1 generate weak late monosynaptic effects in motoneurons.

19 t project to both left and right jaw-closing motoneurons.

20 c cortico-motoneuronal connections with limb motoneurons.

21 ls that rhythmically inhibit vibrissa facial motoneurons.

22 s at all levels of the spinal cord including motoneurons.

23 th the spatiotemporal activation of hindlimb motoneurons.

24 he medial intermediate zone and C boutons on motoneurons.

25 projection transmits more reliably to spinal motoneurons.

26 th the left and right jaw-closing trigeminal motoneurons.

27 tance and induces irregular firing in spinal motoneurons.

28 axon transport and structural plasticity in motoneurons.

29 e connections converge onto the dendrites of motoneurons.

30 sm is thought to underlie diseases affecting motoneurons.

31 at physiologically relevant firing rates in motoneurons.

32 racteristics as ESCMNs and endogenous spinal motoneurons.

33 is 2.3- and 1.4-fold less than neck extensor motoneurons.

34 direct rhythmic activation of lumbar flexor motoneurons.

35 last-order interneurons that innervate hand motoneurons.

36 als from spinal cord neurons with a focus on motoneurons.

37 tor-mediated excitation prevails in Group II motoneurons.

38 s that make disynaptic connections with hand motoneurons.

39 n to the region of the medial rectus C-group motoneurons.

40 rons supplying horizontal extraocular muscle motoneurons.

41 on and quantified artifacts in an identified motoneuron, aCC/MN1-Ib, by constructing a novel multicom

42 ir voltage-activated calcium channels, vagal motoneurons acquire a stressless form of pacemaking that

43 extension show that orchestration of serial motoneuron activation does not rely on feed-forward mech

44 ibuted throughout the dendritic trees of RCA motoneurons, albeit with a strong bias to small-diameter

45 Phrenic motoneuron AMPA glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) subunit mRN

46 substantial relief from hypoxia and improves motoneuron and locomotor function after SCI.

47 creased the synaptic strength of respiratory motoneurons and acted to boost motor amplitude from the

48 Defects in contact interactions between SMA motoneurons and astrocytes impair synaptogenesis seen in

49 omous and non-cell-autonomous defects in SMA motoneurons and astrocytes.

50 findings indicate that communication within motoneurons and between glia and motoneurons, mediated b

51 rush of Ia afferent synapses on regenerating motoneurons and decreased presynaptic inhibitory control

52 of C-INs is synaptically coupled to phrenic motoneurons and excitatory inputs to these "pre-phrenic"

53 wn about the output properties of individual motoneurons and how they affect the translation of moton

54 he activity of both thoracolumbar expiratory motoneurons and interneurons is rhythmically modulated w

55 e existence of bimodal respiratory-locomotor motoneurons and interneurons onto which both central eff

56 hole-cell patch-clamp recordings from spinal motoneurons and interneurons, we describe a long-duratio

57 utputs that reach the spinal cord, acting on motoneurons and interneurons.

58 ovides a novel way to recruit rostral lumbar motoneurons and modulate the output required to execute

59 Neuropathology showed loss of motoneurons and motor axons.

60 n1 were highly expressed in neurons, such as motoneurons and motor nerve terminals of the neuromuscul

61 provide a neuroanatomical description of the motoneurons and muscles contributing to proboscis motion

62 interneuron activity, which inhibits caudal motoneurons and pre-conditions their excitability prior

63 he similar patterns of cMRF input to C-group motoneurons and preganglionic Edinger-Westphal motoneuro

64 muscle cell contractions elicited by single motoneurons and show that the pattern of motoneuron outp

65 paired recordings between identified spinal motoneurons and skeletal muscle cells in larval zebrafis

66 r junction (NMJ) is a synapse formed between motoneurons and skeletal muscle fibers that is covered b

67 amma isoforms are expressed in primary mouse motoneurons and their transcripts are translocated into

68 has been related to the hyperexcitability of motoneurons and to changes in spinal sensory processing.

69 SP- and ChAT-positive putative synapses with motoneurons and were active just prior to motoneuronal f

70 e motoneurons that control contraction (DE-3 motoneurons) and elongation (CV motoneurons).

71 t, with channelrhodopsin (ChR2) expressed in motoneurons, and the Thy1, expressed in putatively excit

72 l defects and found that sensory neurons and motoneurons appeared normal.

73 ding of synaptic currents, we also show that motoneurons are activated by out-of-phase peaks in excit

74 Understanding why motoneurons are affected by low levels of SMN will lend

75 The pattern and relative engagement of motoneurons are distinctly different in scratching and s

76 We have investigated whether motoneurons are limited to function as output units.

77 MIF motoneurons are located outside the extraocular nuclei i

78 Vestibular excitatory inputs in Group I motoneurons are mediated predominantly by NMDA receptors

79 Motoneurons are not mere output units of neuronal circui

80 In Drosophila, leg motoneurons are organized as a myotopic map, where their

81 In larval zebrafish, spinal motoneurons are recruited in a topographic gradient acco

82 Motoneurons are recruited systematically according to sy

83 mputational modeling indicated that Group II motoneurons are the major contributor to actual eye move

84 Motoneurons are traditionally viewed as the output of th

85 Dorsal nIII motoneurons are, moreover, born before motoneurons of ve

86 we used stereology to estimate the number of motoneurons as well as of varicosities immunopositive fo

87 e ATD pathway on the firing of medial rectus motoneurons, as well as the plastic mechanisms by which

88 In motoneuron-astrocyte contact cocultures, synapse formati

89 ission by SMN deficiency was not detected in motoneuron-astrocyte noncontact cocultures.

90 ssion were significantly reduced when either motoneurons, astrocytes or both were from SMA mice compa

91 tures, we characterized the contributions of motoneurons, astrocytes, and their interactions to synap

92 henotype, we show that PlexA/Sema1a mediates motoneuron axon branching in ways that differ in the pro

93 In contrast to spinal motoneurons, axonal L-type channels enhance firing rates

94 axonal outgrowth defects specific to ventral motoneuron axons and efferent innervation of the cochlea

95 pathfinding errors in primary and secondary motoneuron axons both at and beyond the choice point whe

96 ovides local positional information to guide motoneuron axons toward their muscle target.

97 was detected from postnatal day 7 onward in motoneurons, axons in the sciatic nerve, and axon termin

98 N will lend insight into this disease and to motoneuron biology in general.

99 uired for dendritic positioning of late-born motoneurons but not early-born motoneurons.

100 communication between the cortex and spinal motoneurons, but the neurophysiological basis of this co

101 ng could be triggered in chick embryo spinal motoneurons by complete blockade of spiking or GABAA rec

102 may represent a stage in control of primate motoneurons by the cortex intermediate between disynapti

103 paired recordings, we confirm that a single motoneuron can release both transmitters on a single pos

104 Moreover, expressing HuD in SMN-deficient motoneurons can rescue the motoneuron development and mo

105 rved an increase in synaptic coverage around motoneuron cell bodies compared with short-term data, wh

106 f mutantPDIs impaired dendritic outgrowth in motoneuron cell culture models.

107 tment slowed disease progression, attenuated motoneuron cell death and extended survival of SOD1(G93A

108 In addition to projecting to motoneurons, central vestibular neurons also receive dir

109 were from SMA mice compared with those in WT motoneurons cocultured with WT astrocytes.

110 otor defects associated with a disruption of motoneuron connectivity.

111 to cortical neurons, and projects to spinal motoneurons controlling hand muscles.

112 silencing assays we identify the individual motoneurons controlling the five major sequential steps

113 In pure motoneuron cultures, SMA motoneurons exhibited normal su

114 Severe motoneuron death and inefficient axon regeneration often

115 uD in motoneurons of SMN mutants rescued the motoneuron defects, the movement defects, and Gap43 mRNA

116 Experimentally changing the positioning of motoneuron dendrites shows that the geography of dendrit

117 t SMN:HuD complexes are essential for normal motoneuron development and indicate that mRNA handling i

118 in SMN-deficient motoneurons can rescue the motoneuron development and motor defects caused by low l

119 eraction between SMN and HuD is critical for motoneuron development and point to a role for RBPs in S

120 MN) protein leading to defects in vertebrate motoneuron development and synapse formation.

121 rding the mechanisms that control vertebrate motoneuron development, particularly the later stages of

122 N, indicating that both proteins function in motoneuron development.

123 Motoneurons developmentally acquire appropriate cellular

124 Therefore, in unmyelinated Drosophila motoneurons different functions of axonal and dendritic

125 itous splicing factor SFPQ affects zebrafish motoneuron differentiation cell autonomously.

126 Among possible mechanisms, we found motoneuron-directed expression of TDP-43 elicited oxidat

127 ords expressing ChR2, illumination increased motoneuron discharge and transiently accelerated the rhy

128 rch in ChAT(+) or Isl1(+) neurons, depressed motoneuron discharge, transiently decreased the frequenc

129 Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motoneuron disease caused by loss or mutation in Surviva

130 The motoneuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caus

131 FICANCE STATEMENT In zebrafish models of the motoneuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), motor

132 inactivation in mice results in a late-onset motoneuron disease, characterized by degeneration of axo

133 e to the pathophysiology of several forms of motoneuron disease.

134 d may appear before clinical presentation of motoneuron disorders such as amyotrophic lateral scleros

135 more rostral "old M1" is proposed to control motoneurons disynaptically via spinal interneurons.

136 If motoneurons do not develop correctly, they cannot form t

137 amine neurons in the substantia nigra, vagal motoneurons do not enhance their excitability and oxidat

138 ern, the electrophysiological activity of CV motoneurons dominates the cycle.

139 nes of embryonic spinal commissural neurons, motoneurons, dorsal root ganglion neurons, retinal gangl

140 During repetitive high-frequency motoneuron drive, PMn synapses undergo depression, where

141 Brief excitation of CV motoneurons during crawling episodes resets the rhythmic

142 The recruitment of motoneurons during force generation follows a general pa

143 We show that the conductance increase in motoneurons during functional network activity is mainly

144 re conductance and firing patterns in spinal motoneurons during network activity for scratching and s

145 We analyzed motoneurons during regeneration (21 days post crush) and

146 h-conductance states were observed in spinal motoneurons during rhythmic motor behavior.

147 ow out-of-phase excitation and inhibition in motoneurons during rhythmic network activity.

148 firing, and increased conductance in spinal motoneurons during scratch and swim network activity.

149 s and irregular firing are a peculiarity for motoneurons during scratching.

150 This was previously shown for spinal motoneurons during scratching.

151 ease models, contributing to denervation and motoneuron dysfunction.

152 ncreased TrkB receptor expression in phrenic motoneurons enhances recovery post-SH.

153 Motoneurons establish a critical link between the CNS an

154 Therefore, enhancing motoneuron excitability by L-type channels seems an old

155 aptic activity is unlikely due to changes in motoneuron excitability.

156 s, for L-type calcium channels in augmenting motoneuron excitability.

157 In neonatal mice motoneurons excite Renshaw cells by releasing both acety

158 We found that inactive respiratory motoneurons exhibit a classic form of homeostatic plasti

159 In pure motoneuron cultures, SMA motoneurons exhibited normal survival but intrinsic defe

160 stigates whether different types of abducens motoneurons exist that become active during different ty

161 f the thoracic motoneurons (locomotor-driven motoneurons) expressed membrane potential oscillations a

162 ctivity is associated with increased phrenic motoneuron expression of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspart

163 We conclude that increased phrenic motoneuron expression of glutamatergic NMDA receptors is

164 on of voluntary electromyography) and spinal motoneurons (F-waves) in an intrinsic hand muscle during

165 on of voluntary electromyography) and spinal motoneurons (F-waves) in intrinsic hand muscles when gra

166 At the basis of this hierarchy, we find the motoneurons, few neurons at the top control global aspec

167 Motoneuron filopodia repeatedly contacted off-target mus

168 When the light was turned off motoneuron firing and locomotor frequency both transient

169 large variety of interneurons that regulate motoneuron firing and motor output.

170 We assessed the role of motoneuron firing during ongoing locomotor-like activity

171 or-dependent sacral control of lumbar flexor motoneuron firing in newborn rats.

172 ilar short-term alterations in medial rectus motoneuron firing pattern, which were more drastic in ML

173 During horizontal head movements, abducens motoneurons form the final element of the reflex arc tha

174 ve Ia afferent monosynaptic connections with motoneurons form the stretch reflex circuit.

175 The disynaptic input to motoneurons from this portion of area 5 is as direct and

176 The gamma motoneurons (gamma-MNs) that innervate these fibers regu

177 uses the NRA as a tool to gain access to the motoneurons generating vocalization.

178 Primary motoneurons had both larger synapses and associated slow

179 rive the activity of a sex-non-specific wing motoneuron, hg1, which is also required for sine song.

180 AIH-induced neuroplasticity have focused on motoneurons; however, most midcervical interneurons (C-I

181 We suggest that this motoneuron hyperpolarization can bias motor output to le

182 I and may play a primary role in determining motoneuron identity.

183 the hypoglossal (XII) nucleus that contains motoneurons important for maintaining airway patency.

184 inals and retrogradely labeled medial rectus motoneurons in all three groups.

185 Here, using intracellular recordings from motoneurons in an ex vivo carapace-spinal cord preparati

186 Here, we tested whether C-group motoneurons in Macaca fascicularis monkeys receive a dir

187 This study questions the influence of motoneurons in the assessment of hyperalgesia since the

188 gressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motoneurons in the brain and spinal cord leading to para

189 degenerative disorder that primarily affects motoneurons in the brain and spinal cord.

190 While the postganglionic motoneurons in the CG are cholinergic, as are their inpu

191 ts with the RNA binding protein (RBP) HuD in motoneurons in vivo during formation of axonal branches

192 We show in motoneurons in vivo that SMN interacts with the RNA bind

193 vior in the leech has clearly indicated that motoneurons, in addition to controlling muscle activity,

194 siological recordings from larval identified motoneurons, in which CRY is ectopically expressed, to s

195 escribed a dual ionic mechanism to sensitize motoneurons, including inhibition of a barium-sensitive

196 Through recordings of motoneurons, inhibitory interneurons, and sensory neuron

197 rticobulbar fibers, has direct access to the motoneurons innervating the muscles of face, mouth, tong

198 udied a possible differentiation of abducens motoneurons into subtypes by evaluating their morphology

199 and velocities allowed subdividing abducens motoneurons into two subgroups, one encoding the frequen

200 nly cell group that has direct access to the motoneurons involved in vocalization, i.e., the motoneur

201 nt can also lead to degeneration because the motoneuron is not set up to function properly.

202 nection between the TN1A neurons and the hg1 motoneuron is regulated by the sexual differentiation ge

203 ndicates that intense synaptic activation of motoneurons is a general feature of spinal motor network

204 t this locomotor-related drive to expiratory motoneurons is solely dependent on propriospinal pathway

205 stribution of 5-HT and NA synapses on flexor motoneurons is unknown.

206 ila, where selective expression of TDP-43 in motoneurons led to paralysis and premature lethality.

207 at C2 (SH) removes premotor drive to phrenic motoneurons located in segments C3-C5 in rats.

208 Distal injections labeled smaller MIF motoneurons located ventrolaterally and rostrally within

209 the nocturnal rat the feature of having MIF motoneurons located within the bounds of III.

210 in combination with fluorescent markers for motoneuron location and birthdate, to probe spatial and

211 recordings revealed that 72% of the thoracic motoneurons (locomotor-driven motoneurons) expressed mem

212 bsence of protein aggregation or significant motoneuron loss, questioning its validity to study ALS.

213 f the spinal cord demonstrated a significant motoneurons loss, accompanied by axonal degeneration, as

214 toneurons suggest that medial rectus C-group motoneurons may play a role in accommodation-related ver

215 tion within motoneurons and between glia and motoneurons, mediated by the combined action of differen

216 elopment of proprioceptive afferent input to motoneurons (MNs) and Renshaw cells (RCs) is disrupted b

217 induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motoneurons (MNs) to study the pathophysiology of ALS.

218 In healthy mature motoneurons (MNs), KCC2 cotransporters maintain the intr

219 aracterized by a progressive degeneration of motoneurons (MNs).

220 of the NMJ, focusing on communications among motoneurons, muscles and SCs, and underlying mechanisms.

221 rmation requires intimate interactions among motoneurons, muscles, and SCs.

222 Therefore, presynaptic motoneuron neuropeptide storage is increased by a vesicl

223 Phrenic motoneuron NMDA NR1 subunit mRNA expression was approxim

224 , while inferior oblique and superior rectus motoneurons occupy distinct divisions of ventral nIII.

225 n pools, in which inferior and medial rectus motoneurons occupy dorsal nIII, while inferior oblique a

226 el after distinct patterns of stimulation in motoneurons of Drosophila We found that the spacing effe

227 Regular firing in spinal motoneurons of red-eared turtles (Trachemys scripta eleg

228 Importantly, transgenic expression of HuD in motoneurons of SMN mutants rescued the motoneuron defect

229 nIII motoneurons are, moreover, born before motoneurons of ventral nIII and nIV.

230 Using primary cultures of pure motoneurons or astrocytes from SMNDelta7 (SMA) and wild-

231 ral progenitors for interneurons and not for motoneurons or glial cells.

232 suggested that the high-conductance state in motoneurons originated from balanced inhibition and exci

233 We demonstrate that motoneuron output properties provide an additional perip

234 gle motoneurons and show that the pattern of motoneuron output strength and plasticity observed in el

235 h and activity (sensory afferent), to modify motoneuron output to achieve graded muscle contraction (

236 nd show that the strength and reliability of motoneuron outputs are inversely correlated with motoneu

237 We characterize individual motoneuron outputs to single muscle cells and show that

238 ing motor behavior in leeches indicated that motoneurons participate as modulators of this rhythmic m

239 that the temporal development of extraocular motoneurons plays a key role in assembling a functional

240 or glia in positioning dendrites of specific motoneurons; PlexB/Sema2a is required for dendritic posi

241 Whereas dorsal, lower-Rin primary motoneurons (PMns) are only activated during behaviors t

242 segregation of the MIF and SIF medial rectus motoneuron pools, albeit in a different pattern.

243 a dorsoventral organization of the four nIII motoneuron pools, in which inferior and medial rectus mo

244 layers are supplied by anatomically discrete motoneuron pools, we injected tracer into the orbital la

245 targeting pig SMN1, SMN was knocked down in motoneurons postnatally to SMA levels.

246 d primates makes monosynaptic connections to motoneurons; previous anatomical work suggests that thes

247 and area 3a on 135 antidromically identified motoneurons projecting to the upper limb.

248 We conclude that motoneurons provide feedback to the central pattern gene

249 The number of 5-HT and NA contacts per motoneuron ranged, respectively, from 381 to 1,430 and f

250 Medial rectus motoneurons receive two main pontine inputs: abducens in

251 urons and how they affect the translation of motoneuron recruitment to the strength of muscle contrac

252 Knockdown of SMN in postnatal motoneurons results in overt proximal weakness, fibrilla

253 neuron outputs are inversely correlated with motoneuron Rin.

254 various types of translumenal cells, somatic motoneurons, Rohde nucleus cells, small ventral multipol

255 nuclei (nIII and nIV), structures in which a motoneuron's identity, or choice of muscle partner, defi

256 ults suggest that the CLIs directly activate motoneurons sequentially along the segments during larva

257 and B-group motoneurons suggest the C-group motoneurons serve a different oculomotor role than the o

258 Plekhg5-depleted cultured motoneurons show defective axon growth and impaired auto

259 dy bends, more ventral, higher-Rin secondary motoneurons (SMns) are recruited during weaker and slowe

260 rgence and integration of numerous inputs to motoneurons subserving the wide range of complex behavio

261 toneurons and preganglionic Edinger-Westphal motoneurons suggest that medial rectus C-group motoneuro

262 and modeling studies on the role of specific motoneurons suggest that these feedback signals modulate

263 t patterns for C-group versus A- and B-group motoneurons suggest the C-group motoneurons serve a diff

264 ies differences exist in the location of the motoneurons supplying multiply innervated fibers (MIFs)

265 ionally as they circulate through Drosophila motoneuron terminals by anterograde and retrograde trans

266 d primarily by the postsynaptic dendrites of motoneuron terminals.

267 In motoneurons, testosterone triggers nuclear toxicity by i

268 distinct functional subgroups of extraocular motoneurons that act in concert to mediate the large dyn

269 ment pattern and output properties of spinal motoneurons that can together generate appropriate inten

270 zing eye movements are commanded by abducens motoneurons that combine different sensory inputs includ

271 induce a rhythmic antiphasic activity of the motoneurons that control contraction (DE-3 motoneurons)

272 Facial motoneurons that drive intrinsic muscles to protract the

273 ution and density of 5-HT and NA synapses on motoneurons that innervate the flexor neck muscle, rectu

274 hat stabilize gaze preferentially project to motoneurons that move the eyes downward.

275 central population project preferentially to motoneurons that move the eyes downward.

276 In contrast, motoneurons that retract the mystacial pad and indirectl

277 to some of the A- and B- group medial rectus motoneurons that supply singly innervated fibers was obs

278 e, an autophagy activator, we found that, in motoneurons, the two compounds together reduced ARpolyQ

279 lectively harbor axial, proximal, and distal motoneurons, therapeutic intervention targeting the ipsi

280 ptor-activated sacral CPGs and lumbar flexor motoneurons, thereby providing novel insights into mecha

281 he excitability of ALS-vulnerable trigeminal motoneurons (TMNs) controlling jaw musculature and ALS-r

282 central command circuits recruit individual motoneurons to generate task-specific proboscis extensio

283 he genetically modified counter-regulator of motoneuron toxicity and may help in addressing ALS thera

284 etween corticospinal tract fibres and spinal motoneurones undergo activity-dependent reorganization.

285 etween corticospinal tract fibres and spinal motoneurones undergo activity-dependent reorganization.

286 neurotransmitter release, BoNT/A recognizes motoneurons via a dual-receptor binding process in which

287 xons, as well as exert disynaptic effects on motoneurons via interposed interneurons.

288 gy of synaptic vesicles in axon terminals of motoneurons via its function as a guanine exchange facto

289 use that mediates synaptic effects on spinal motoneurons via parallel uncrossed and crossed pathways.

290 ere manipulation of the activity of specific motoneurons was performed in the course of fictive crawl

291 To determine the function of HuD in motoneurons, we generated zebrafish HuD mutants and foun

292 terminals and each multiply innervated fiber motoneuron were present.

293 y, single-unit recordings from medial rectus motoneurons were obtained in the control situation and a

294 citatory and inhibitory inputs to trigeminal motoneurons when optogenetically activated in slice.

295 Nerve injury also upregulated CSF1 in motoneurons, where it was required for ventral horn micr

296 s have direct cortical connections to spinal motoneurons, which bypass spinal interneurons and exert

297 C-group motoneurons, which supply multiply innervated fibers in

298 e, whereas ATD neurons provide medial rectus motoneurons with a vestibular input comprising mainly he

299 reased with synaptic volume in both types of motoneurons, with larger synapses having slower recovery

300 lei in primates, but are intermixed with SIF motoneurons within rat extraocular nuclei.