ライフサイエンスコーパス: mule

1 e and were promoted by ectopic expression of Mule.

2 ins of similarity to the mammalian E3 ligase Mule.

3 ds on the MutYH levels that are regulated by Mule.

4 ein levels depend on the amount of expressed Mule.

5 ll the host factors for the transposition of MULEs.

6 er studies of the transposition mechanism of MULEs.

7 ype and account for the majority of the Pack-MULEs.

8 her chances of a gene being acquired by Pack-MULEs.

9 cal to that of a rice Mutator-like element ( MULE-9) and the MDM-2 family has an 8-bp terminus identi

10 The mule, a classic example of hybrid sterility in mammals a

11 hus unveils an important new avenue by which Mule acts as an intestinal tumor suppressor by regulatio

12 nzymes, the failure of cells to downregulate Mule after DNA damage results in deficient DNA repair.

13 Mule also contains a region similar to the Bcl-2 homolog

14 Mule also regulates protein levels of the receptor tyros

15 ts ubiquitylated derivative are modulated by Mule and ARF and siRNA knockdown of Mule leads to accumu

16 und that the kinase GSK3beta, the E3 ligases MULE and betaTrCP, and the deubiquitinase USP9x regulate

17 from reciprocal hybrids of horse and donkey (mule and hinny).

18 genome rearrangement, including domesticated MULE and IS1595-like DDE transposases.

19 The interaction between Mule and Miz1 was promoted by TNFalpha independently of

20 The Ka/Ks values of Pack-MULE and parental gene pairs are lower among Pack-MULEs

21 d evidence of a physical interaction between Mule and phospho-ATM.

22 a critical regulatory mechanism of HDAC2 by Mule and suggest this pathway determines the cellular re

23 d: Welsh Mountain, Scottish Blackface, Welsh Mule and Texel (n = 8 per breed).

24 This highlights the importance of Mule and TRIM26 in maintaining steady state levels of NE

25 ation of Miz1 were inhibited by silencing of Mule and were promoted by ectopic expression of Mule.

26 escribed in sheep, elk, and small numbers of mule and white-tailed deer.

27 Each muLED and recording site has dimensions similar to a pyr

28 mportance of the conserved W residue in both MULEs and hATs.

29 h a reduction in expression of both the Pack-MULEs and their parental genes.

30 lyubiquitylation, Mcl-1 ubiquitin ligase E3 (Mule) and tripartite motif 26 (TRIM26).

31 sease of Equidae, including horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras, caused by either of two protozoan par

32 s suggests that a significant number of Pack-MULEs are expressed and subjected to purifying selection

33 In addition, Pack-MULEs are frequently associated with small RNAs.

34 Therefore, at least a subset of Pack-MULEs are likely functional and have great potential in

35 About 5% of the Pack-MULEs are represented in collections of complementary DN

36 Terminal inverted repeat MULEs are the predominant MULE type and account for the

37 At least 22% of the Pack-MULEs are transcribed, and 28 Pack-MULEs have direct evi

38 Mutator-like transposable elements (MULEs) are found in many eukaryotic genomes and are espe

39 Mutator-like transposable elements (MULEs) are widespread across fungal, plant and animal sp

40 Mutator-like transposable elements (MULEs) are widespread in plants and are well known for t

41 extract, we purified the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mule (ARF-BP1/HectH9) as an enzyme that can ubiquitylate

42 The E3 ubiquitin ligase Mule/ARF-BP1 plays an important role in the cellular DNA

43 stimulation, the suppression is relieved by Mule/ARF-BP1-mediated Miz1 ubiquitination and subsequent

44 cruitment of the ubiquitin ligase (E3) Huwe1/Mule/ARF-BP1/HectH9/E3Histone/Lasu1 to mitofusin 2, with

45 licon-based microscale light-emitting diode (muLED) array, consisting of up to ninety-six 25 mum-diam

46 inated in vitro and in vivo by the E3 ligase Mule between amino acids 475 and 535.

47 Here we report that TNF activates Mule by inducing the dissociation of Mule from its inhib

48 In addition to genic sequences, rice MULEs capture guanine-cytosine (GC)-rich intergenic sequ

49 MULEs carrying nontransposon sequences have longer termi

50 risingly, mares carrying interspecies hybrid mule conceptuses did not exhibit this transient, pregnan

51 , and in horses carrying interspecies hybrid mule conceptuses.

52 Here, we show in vivo that Mule controls murine intestinal stem and progenitor cell

53 e previously showed that Mule/Huwe1/Arf-BP1 (Mule) controls murine intestinal stem and progenitor cel

54 Comparison of the cellular genes and Pack-MULE counterparts indicates that fragments of genomic DN

55 Here we show that asymptomatic CWD-infected mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) excrete CWD prions in th

56 en isolated from North American free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) exhibiting mucocutaneous

57 video footage taken from systems deployed on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in north-central Washing

58 range and arrival to summer range of female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in northwestern Colorado

59 fat-free body mass; IFFFBMass) of 136 female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) over 8 years.

60 Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations in the weste

61 of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in captive mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) that is attributable to

62 or cervid endogenous gammaretrovirus) in the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) that is insertionally po

63 In a population of migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), 31% surfed plant phenol

64 ite-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), denoted Tg(DePrP).

65 Mule deer abundance declined by 36% during the developme

66 ttle in the United Kingdom and Europe and in mule deer and elk in parts of the United States has emph

67 same prion strain caused CWD in the analyzed mule deer and elk.

68 rt-term studies of 2-3 years have shown that mule deer and other ungulates avoid energy infrastructur

69 behavioral effects of energy development on mule deer are long term and may affect population abunda

70 Impacts to mule deer are of particular concern because some of the

71 on levels appeared to influence selection by mule deer because of variability in crop rotation and su

72 uantified antler size of 11,000 male elk and mule deer born throughout the intermountain western US (

73 Primary cultures derived from uninfected mule deer brain tissue were transformed by transfection

74 Mule deer consistently avoided energy infrastructure thr

75 ntain proviruses that are closely related to mule deer CrERVgamma in a conserved region of pol; more

76 e show that prairie voles are susceptible to mule deer CWD prions in vivo and that sPMCA amplificatio

77 re, on average, 100 CrERVgamma copies in the mule deer genome based on quantitative PCR analysis.

78 ars during development, to determine whether mule deer habituated to natural gas development and if t

79 bal Positioning System collars to monitor 14 mule deer in an agricultural area near public lands in s

80 n exists to understand resource selection of mule deer in response to annual variation in crop rotati

81 arious levels of insertional polymorphism in mule deer individuals.

82 e hypothesized that prion transmission among mule deer might also be enhanced in ranges with relative

83 arrival on birthing areas, especially where mule deer migrate over longer distances or for greater d

84 development on habitat selection patterns of mule deer on their winter range in Colorado.

85 ance of expanding residential development on mule deer populations, a factor that has received little

86 he open reading frame (ORF) in exon 3 of the mule deer PRNP gene revealed polymorphisms in all 145 sa

87 Analysis of BAC clones containing mule deer PRNP genes revealed a full length functional g

88 rom CWD-positive elk, white-tailed deer, and mule deer produced disease in Tg(ElkPrP) mice between 18

89 production and reclamation efforts underway, mule deer remained >1 km away from well pads.

90 One CrERVgamma provirus was detected in all mule deer sampled but was absent from white-tailed deer,

91 ing changes in exon 3 were identified in the mule deer samples examined.

92 We tested the hypothesis that mule deer select certain crops, and in particular sunflo

93 Mule deer selected areas closer to forest and alfalfa fo

94 functional gene alleles from 47 CWD-positive mule deer showed the predominant allele encoded 20D225S

95 Concurrently, we measured abundance of mule deer to indirectly link behavior with demography.

96 first to correlate a demographic response in mule deer with residential and energy development at lar

97 Comparable data have not been derived for mule deer, a species susceptible to the TSE chronic wast

98 and-use change with the demographic rates of mule deer, an iconic species in the western United State

99 prion protein in tissues from sheep, cattle, mule deer, and elk with naturally occurring transmissibl

100 l lymph node samples from white-tailed deer, mule deer, and moose, collected in the field from areas

101 e findings suggest that CWD prions from elk, mule deer, and white-tailed deer can be readily transmit

102 We captured 205 adult female mule deer, equipped them with GPS collars, and observed

103 on disease) of North American cervids, i.e., mule deer, white-tailed deer, and elk (wapiti).

104 Therefore, CWD isolates from mule deer, white-tailed deer, and elk were inoculated in

105 ulated with brain tissue from a CWD-infected mule deer.

106 repared from the brainstem of a CWD-affected mule deer.

107 of the PRNP gene in susceptibility to CWD in mule deer.

108 n analysis to identify resources selected by mule deer.

109 hospho-p53, and Brca1 levels were reduced in Mule-deficient B cells and MEFs subjected to genotoxic s

110 ivation was increased by two- to fourfold in Mule-deficient B cells at steady state.

111 Accumulation of HDAC2 in Mule-deficient cells leads to compromised p53 acetylatio

112 p53 protein was increased in resting Mule-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and em

113 (IR), although this occurs specifically in a Mule-dependent manner.

114 ts dissociation from ARF, thereby inhibiting Mule E3 ligase activity and TNF-induced JNK activation a

115 Alternatively, the Pack-MULEs evolve into additional exons at the 5' end of exis

116 Elimination of Mule expression by RNA interference stabilizes Mcl-1 pro

117 ntified what appears to be a legume-specific MULE family that was previously identified only in funga

118 The resulting Pack-MULEs form independent, GC-rich transcripts with a negat

119 Pack-MULEs frequently contain fragments from multiple chromos

120 tivates Mule by inducing the dissociation of Mule from its inhibitor ARF.

121 o the MURA protein of Mutator-like elements (MULEs) from Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa)

122 and that the control of Pol lambda levels by Mule has functional consequences for the ability of mamm

123 stand the evolutionary relationships between MULE, hAT and Transib elements and the V(D)J recombinase

124 e their abundance and importance, few active MULEs have been identified.

125 the Pack-MULEs are transcribed, and 28 Pack-MULEs have direct evidence of translation.

126 sites on the HECT domains of Smurf2, Nedd4, Mule/Huwe1, and WWP1, and thus act as specific inhibitor

127 We previously showed that Mule/Huwe1/Arf-BP1 (Mule) controls murine intestinal ste

128 To elucidate the role of Mule in B lymphocyte homeostasis, B cell-specific Mule k

129 Loss of Mule in both MEFs and B cells at steady state resulted i

130 d thereby inhibits the E3 ligase activity of Mule in the steady state.

131 LEs in rice and the widespread occurrence of MULEs in all characterized plant genomes, gene fragment

132 nalysis of the prevalence and nature of Pack-MULEs in an entire genome.

133 ression and purifying selection on 2809 Pack-MULEs in rice (Oryza sativa), which are derived from 150

134 In this study, we identified all MULEs in rice and examined factors likely important for

135 The abundance of MULEs in rice and the availability of most of the genome

136 Given the abundance of Pack-MULEs in rice and the widespread occurrence of MULEs in

137 ere we report that there are over 3,000 Pack-MULEs in rice containing fragments derived from more tha

138 Maize Helitrons resemble rice Pack-MULEs in their ability to capture genes or gene fragment

139 These chimaeric elements are called Pack-MULEs in this study.

140 We also find that, as Mule inactivation is required for stabilization of base

141 e's influence on oncogenesis by showing that Mule interacts directly with beta-catenin and targets it

142 Mule is a Miz1-associated protein and catalyzes its K48-

143 Thus, Mule is a unique BH3-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase apic

144 It is not known how Mule is activated by TNF.

145 The E3 ubiquitin ligase Mule is often overexpressed in human colorectal cancers,

146 Our data describe a novel mechanism by which Mule is regulated in response to DNA damage and coordina

147 However, how the activity of Mule is regulated in response to DNA damage is currently

148 Here, we report that HECT-domain-containing Mule is the E3 ligase that catalyzes TNFalpha-induced Mi

149 with orthologs among parental genes of Pack-MULEs is observed in rice, maize (Zea mays), and Arabido

150 Mcl-1 ubiquitin ligase E3 (Mule) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the proapop

151 Like MULEs, Jit resembles Mutator in the length of the elemen

152 in B lymphocyte homeostasis, B cell-specific Mule knockout (BMKO) mice were generated using the Cre-L

153 lated by Mule and ARF and siRNA knockdown of Mule leads to accumulation of Pol beta and increased DNA

154 itored via direct injection of polycistronic MuLE lentiviruses into mouse tissues.

155 ing cultured primary mouse cells with single MuLE lentiviruses, we engineered tumors containing up to

156 indicates that a considerable number of Pack-MULEs likely have been under selective constraint.

157 ECT-domain-containing ubiquitin ligase named Mule (Mcl-1 ubiquitin ligase E3) that is both required a

158 asts lacking a HECT domain ubiquitin ligase, Mule (Mcl-1 ubiquitin ligase E3).

159 f Pol lambda by Cdk2/cyclinA counteracts its Mule-mediated degradation by promoting recruitment of Po

160 Here, we show that the E3 ligase Mule mediates the degradation of Pol lambda and that the

161 t genomes, gene fragment acquisition by Pack-MULEs might represent an important new mechanism for the

162 We demonstrate that Pack-MULEs modify the 5' end of genes and are at least partia

163 from the soybean genome, resembling the Pack-MULEs (Mutator-like transposable elements) found in maiz

164 Pack-MULEs, nonautonomous Mutator-like elements (MULEs) that

165 These defects in Mule-null cells can be partially reversed by HDACis and

166 ly rescued by lowering the elevated HDAC2 in Mule-null cells to the normal levels as in wild-type cel

167 IBBS is also orders of magnitude faster than MULE, one of the most efficient maximal frequent subgrap

168 An siRNA-mediated knockdown of Mule or TRIM26 leads to stabilisation of NEIL1, demonstr

169 group of transposable elements, called Pack-MULEs or transduplicates, is able to duplicate and ampli

170 , we demonstrated that a rice (Oryza sativa) MULE, Os3378, is capable of excising and reinserting in

171 Inhibition of Mule phosphorylation by silencing of the Spleen Tyrosine

172 Furthermore, MutYH and Mule physically interact.

173 Thus, Mule regulates the ATM-p53 axis to maintain B cell homeo

174 study reveals a molecular mechanism by which Mule regulates TNFalpha-induced JNK activation and apopt

175 by which parental genes are captured by Pack-MULEs remains largely unknown.

176 Here we extend our investigation of Mule's influence on oncogenesis by showing that Mule int

177 Pack-MULEs selectively acquire/retain parental sequences thro

178 Cells that are unable to downregulate Mule show reduced ability to upregulate p53 levels in re

179 lar a quartet pedigree composed of a fertile mule showed a mosaic of sequences and number of ZF domai

180 Mule specifically targets HDAC2 for ubiquitination and d

181 SP7 deubiquitylation enzyme (USP7S) controls Mule stability by preventing its self-ubiquitylation and

182 Silencing of Mule stabilized Miz1, thereby suppressing TNFalpha-induc

183 n plants, the transposition mechanism of the MULE superfamily was previously unknown.

184 Together, our results demonstrate that the MuLE system provides genetic power for the systematic in

185 performing combinatorial genetics using the MuLE system.

186 describe the multiple lentiviral expression (MuLE) system that allows multiple genetic alterations to

187 and parental gene pairs are lower among Pack-MULEs that are expressed in sense orientations.

188 ack-Mutator-like transposable elements (Pack-MULEs) that carry gene fragments specifically acquire GC

189 -MULEs, nonautonomous Mutator-like elements (MULEs) that carry genic sequence(s), are potentially inv

190 Despite the abundance of Pack-MULEs, the functionality of these duplicates is not clea

191 Despite the abundance of Pack-MULEs, the mechanism by which parental genes are capture

192 2 homology region 3 (BH3) domain that allows Mule to specifically interact with Mcl-1.

193 DBDs of two classes of Mutator-like element (MULE) transposases.

194 al inverted repeat MULEs are the predominant MULE type and account for the majority of the Pack-MULEs

195 ly ubiquitin E3 ligase, Huwe1 (also known as Mule, UreB1, ARF-BP1, Lasu1, and HectH9), and Huwe1 poly

196 Our findings suggest that Mule uses various mechanisms to fine-tune the Wnt pathwa

197 ssment of the selection pressure on the Pack-MULEs using the ratio of nonsynonymous (Ka) and synonymo

198 We created a toolbox of MuLE vectors that constitute a flexible, modular system

199 Intramuscular injection of MuLE viruses expressing oncogenic H-RasG12V together wit

200 Analysis of BMKO mice showed that Mule was essential for B cell development, proliferation

201 In maize, rice and Arabidopsis a few MULEs were shown to carry fragments of cellular genes.

202 biquitylation and proteasomal degradation of Mule, which eventually leads to p53 accumulation.

203 TNF induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Mule, which subsequently dissociates from ARF and become

204 Chimeric Pack-MULEs, which contain gene fragments from multiple genes,

205 after Oryza sativa) found to be rich in Pack-MULEs, with >1000 elements that have captured and amplif