ライフサイエンスコーパス: nanosecond

1 they are metastable, with lifetimes below a nanosecond.

2 ibits ultrafast crystallization within a few nanoseconds.

3 nd have photoluminescence lifetimes of a few nanoseconds.

4 a longest-observed lifetime of 10.8 +/- 0.6 nanoseconds.

5 catalytic processes with a lifetime of a few nanoseconds.

6 conformational changes that occur in tens of nanoseconds.

7 phase-coherence time of T2 approximately 210 nanoseconds.

8 les of motions in an IDR from picoseconds to nanoseconds.

9 longer time scale of ten to several hundred nanoseconds.

10 achieve mostly speeds of several hundreds of nanoseconds.

11 be implemented with resonant driving in 200 nanoseconds.

12 ns at timescales ranging from picoseconds to nanoseconds.

13 tions during a simulation time of 100 or 200 nanoseconds.

14 e decreasing from tens of seconds to tens of nanoseconds.

15 termediate is stable for several hundreds of nanoseconds.

16 mping and determined a valley lifetime of 40 nanoseconds.

17 g more than ten microns at times as short as nanoseconds.

18 the matrix chains from subnanoseconds to 100 nanoseconds.

19 For this protein, within a few hundreds of nanoseconds, a broad range of conformations is explored,

20 distances of micrometers, takes hundreds of nanoseconds, a time orders of magnitude larger than expe

21 In the first few nanoseconds, actin binding induced an extra primed myosi

22 of Tyr increased in intensity at hundreds of nanoseconds after CO photodissociation, and this was fol

23 d a positive peak for amide I in hundreds of nanoseconds after photolysis, which was followed by reco

24 nterleaved excitation (PIE) is the method of nanosecond alternating excitation with time-resolved det

25 ollowing a laser temperature jump tracks the nanosecond and microsecond kinetics of unfolding and the

26 3'-endo to C2'-endo and vice versa is on the nanosecond and microsecond time scale, respectively.

27 chanisms of charge recombination on both the nanosecond and microsecond time scales in a donor-accept

28 r spins to be controlled on the timescale of nanoseconds and microseconds respectively.

29 on losses, limiting the gain lifetime to sub-nanoseconds and preventing steady laser action.

30 ime-resolved IR spectroscopy (femtosecond to nanosecond) and cryotrapping techniques, to follow the e

31 sion experiments compare fast (picosecond to nanosecond) and intermediate (microsecond-to-millisecond

32 Zn cofactor in organic solvent: femtosecond, nanosecond, and microsecond time scale pump-probe transi

33 eadgroups can be long-lived, in the range of nanoseconds, and that pore-length-matching membrane mime

34 Pulse lengths ranging from femtoseconds to nanoseconds are utilized at varying laser beam energies

35 c-labelling strategies enable studies of sub-nanosecond aromatic-ring dynamics using solution NMR rel

36 rge-separated states that persist for over a nanosecond as observed with transient absorption spectro

37 f the Cd(2+)-bound water molecule is tens of nanoseconds at 20 degrees C in both proteins.

38 luminescence via triplets occurs within 350 nanoseconds at ambient temperature, after reverse inters

39 astic neutron scattering measurements of the nanosecond atomic dynamics.

40 The ability to detect nanosecond backbone dynamics with site-directed spin lab

41 tions from fast (approximately picosecond to nanosecond) backbone dynamics to amide hydrogen exchange

42 Ultrafast switching (in the range of a few nanoseconds) between amorphous and crystalline phases of

43 lays a crucial role in modification by a sub-nanosecond burst.

44 cular dynamics simulations up to hundreds of nanoseconds can bring to light unexpected events even fo

45 as nanorods, nanowires and nanosheets, with nanosecond coalescence times.

46 te spin-1/2 electrons through pi/2 in only 6 nanoseconds (compared to 300 nanoseconds with the solid-

47 The observed dynamics represent nanosecond conformational fluctuations within the recons

48 Moreover, the level of screening achieved at nanosecond decay times is shown to change with the cover

49 hat ranges from approximately 150 ps to many nanoseconds, depending on the electric field strength.

50 s the junction takes place for up to tens of nanoseconds, depending on the laser fluence.

51 The high sensitivity and nanosecond detection capability of the WR optical platfo

52 scale of hundreds of picoseconds to several nanoseconds, due to electron injection into PCBM and ele

53 Stimulated emission depletion pulses of nanosecond duration and 775 nm wavelength are used to si

54 High-amplitude electric pulses of nanosecond duration, also known as nanosecond pulsed ele

55 densities in excess of 300 mg cm(-2) with a nanosecond-duration compression pulse--the highest areal

56 ctrum of each spin-labeled peptide indicates nanosecond dynamic disorder that is substantially reduce

57 MD) simulations to examine the picosecond to nanosecond dynamics in a variety of dinucleotide steps a

58 The temperature dependences of the nanosecond dynamics of different chemical classes of ami

59 n experiments to characterize the picosecond-nanosecond dynamics of the free mini-H2-L(d) MHC-I molec

60 The picosecond-to-nanosecond dynamics of the hydrated powders of the two r

61 Here, we report nanosecond-dynamics of a 100nm-diameter magnetic skyrmio

62 oporation efficiency of bipolar and unipolar nanosecond electric field oscillations (NEFO).

63 A bipolar (BP) nanosecond electric pulse (nsEP) exposure generates redu

64 Electroporation by nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP) is an emerging modalit

65 The nanosecond electronic spectra and kinetics of the radica

66 ultrafast cellular probe with a single-pulse nanosecond excitation for a variety of in vitro and in v

67 ith earlier published attribution of the sub-nanosecond exciton radiative lifetime in nanoprecipitate

68 tching of spin circulation in vortices using nanosecond field pulses by imaging the process with full

69 despite having only mild effects on pico- to nanosecond fluctuations as corroborated by NMR.

70 FRET-based nanosecond fluorescence correlation spectroscopy allows

71 -molecule Forster resonance energy transfer, nanosecond fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and mi

72 erference from short-lifetime (approximately nanoseconds) fluorescence background.

73 ith a subdiffusive regime over the first few nanoseconds, followed by a superdiffusive regime.

74 anar Co(I) intermediate species within a few nanoseconds, followed by its decay in the microsecond ti

75 anging from hundreds of picoseconds to a few nanoseconds for devices consisting of Cu active electrod

76 ic motions to be on the order of low tens of nanoseconds for most residues within the TM helices and

77 ithin the TM helices and tens to hundreds of nanoseconds for the extracellular B-C and F-G loops.

78 1)-A(2)) in which A(1) = A(2) results in sub-nanosecond formation of a spin-coherent singlet radical

79 Here, we use nanosecond-gated spectral acquisition, combined with spe

80 provide a systematic characterization of the nanosecond ground-state lactam-lactim tautomerization of

81 que allows detection of radical species with nanosecond half-lives.

82 s of hundreds of picoseconds and hundreds of nanoseconds in air-saturated conditions, while only mono

83 ollective motions on time scales slower than nanoseconds in the backbone for GB3.

84 intermediate with a lifetime on the order of nanoseconds in the HppE-catalyzed oxidation of (R)-HPP.

85 We measured decoherence times as short as 63 nanoseconds, in a frozen solution of nitroxide free-radi

86 ined pulse laser deposition (CPLD), in which nanosecond laser ablation of graphite within a confineme

87 effects and mechanical stress created during nanosecond laser ablation processes that were prominent

88 electrodes (FTCEs) are fabricated by facile nanosecond laser ablation.

89 olecules on inert SiO(2)(12 nm) particles by nanosecond laser absorption spectroscopy revealed effici

90 through a facile and flexible single pulsed nanosecond laser based reflection holography and a corne

91 Use of a second nanosecond laser beam, adequately synchronized with the

92 investigated by steady-state irradiation and nanosecond laser flash photolysis (LFP) under nitrogen i

93 hanism of the photo-cleavage were studied by nanosecond laser flash photolysis and by ultrafast spect

94 Further evidence has been obtained by nanosecond laser flash photolysis through detection of l

95 ive irradiations, fluorescence measurements, nanosecond laser flash photolysis, and quantum chemical

96 article, we report the first observation of nanosecond laser induced transient dual absorption bands

97 applying synchronized ultrasound bursts and nanosecond laser irradiation, we developed a novel, sele

98 Nanosecond laser pulses, which are essentially instantan

99 c nanoparticles (NPs) in polymer media using nanosecond laser pulses.

100 e pump-probe experiment consists of a single nanosecond laser pump pulse followed, after a precisely

101 Here, nanosecond laser transient absorption spectroscopy was u

102 The kinetic measurements performed by nanosecond laser-flash-photolysis and stopped-flow are a

103 d signal amplification with a tunable pulsed nanosecond laser.

104 es were observed, suggesting that changes in nanosecond-level TCR structural dynamics do not contribu

105 Nanosecond ligand exchange dynamics at metal sites withi

106 onds and a slow process from pico-seconds to nanoseconds, limited by exciton diffusion dynamics.

107 R photocycle (BR-K), we achieved high-speed (nanosecond) logical switching.

108 Here, we show that nanosecond-long current pulses can move domain walls in

109 oemission electron microscopy after applying nanosecond magnetic field pulses.

110 model of the PPi release utilizing extensive nanosecond MD simulations.

111 local dynamic features of substrates on the nanosecond-microsecond time scale that correlate with en

112 ke states, linking substrate dynamics on the nanosecond-microsecond time scale with large collective

113 that faster time scale structural dynamics (nanosecond-microsecond) were the source and therefore im

114 Multi-nanosecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of HBV-RT

115 that perturbations in equilibrium picosecond-nanosecond motions impact zinc (Zn)-induced allosteric i

116 Nanosecond motions in proteins may have been underestima

117 he way to a quantitative characterization of nanosecond motions in proteins.

118 ent a detailed analysis of the picosecond-to-nanosecond motions of green fluorescent protein (GFP) an

119 As observed by 9.5 GHz EPR, the slowing of nanosecond motions of large segments of the oligonucleot

120 uced spectral density mapping (picosecond to nanosecond motions) and by inspection of elevated R(2) v

121 them (in particular for the fast picosecond-nanosecond motions), much greater differences occur for

122 Therefore, a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser beam was focused into a flux of

123 oom-temperature dynamics probed by a hundred nanoseconds of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations i

124 tributions concurrently within a few tens of nanoseconds of simulation time.

125 of the amplitudes and timescales (picosecond-nanosecond) of bond vector fluctuations, whereas high-re

126 Here we find that the chief cause of nanosecond-only operation has been thermal runaway: the

127 spectra, based on the excitation of a pulsed nanosecond optical parametrical oscillator (OPO), will b

128 Hz optical parametric oscillator outputting nanosecond optical pulses at a wavelength of 1.7 mum was

129 lations converge on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds-per-replica toward ensembles that yield good

130 With VPE, hot photoluminescence and nanosecond photo-Dember effect are revealed in inorganic

131 Nanosecond photolysis of the nitrosyl adduct demonstrate

132 s between "light" and "heavy" enzymes on the nanosecond-picosecond time scale, suggesting relevant ti

133 ond (mus-ms) timescale and the picosecond-to-nanosecond (ps-ns) timescale.

134 nanoporation) of cell plasma membranes after nanosecond pulse (nsEP) exposure remains poorly understo

135 sintering comprises the second step, where a nanosecond pulse laser beam welds the nanowires.

136 With the addition of CW and nanosecond pulse lasers, four wave mixing measurements c

137 g of mammalian cells by electroporation with nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) facilitates the

138 technologies enable deep tissue focusing of nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) for non-invasiv

139 pulses of nanosecond duration, also known as nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF), are a novel mo

140 Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) are emerging a

141 High-amplitude, MV/m, nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) have been hypo

142 esorption (LDTD) at 940 nm and compared with nanosecond pulsed laser ablation at 2940 nm.

143 olecular delivery produced by picosecond and nanosecond pulsed laser microbeam irradiation in adheren

144 erimental evaluation of damage thresholds in nanosecond pulsed laser-irradiated gold nanospheres, and

145 cs of the domain walls after excitation with nanosecond pulsed magnetic fields.

146 at exposure of carbon black nanoparticles to nanosecond pulsed near-infrared laser causes intracellul

147 Upon nanosecond-pulsed electric fields exposure, we observed

148 d be detected using SHG, we exposed cells to nanosecond-pulsed electric fields, which are believed to

149 Under nanosecond-pulsed laser irradiation (Nd:YAG, 355 nm), th

150 strates under dry, ambient conditions, using nanosecond-pulsed laser irradiation and magnetic gold na

151 performed based on irradiation with a 532 nm nanosecond-pulsed laser over a range of nanoparticle dia

152 photoacoustic flow cytography coupled with a nanosecond-pulsed melanoma-specific laser therapy mechan

153 tron flow from the flavin is slow and in the nanosecond range to ensure high reduction efficiency.

154 e fast, picosecond timescale, whereas in the nanosecond range, a significantly less resilient structu

155 rgy transfer (T-TET) is slow, in the tens of nanoseconds range, whereas it is ultrafast in the oxygen

156 samples prepared without ODT, an additional nanosecond recombination of polaron pairs is observed in

157 ation time scale sensitivity deeper into the nanosecond regime by using glycerol and a longer DNA dup

158 ned, agent-based model of mRNA export in the nanosecond regime to gain insight into these issues.

159 n the scanning speed from the microsecond to nanosecond regime, which represents a major technologica

160 ding charge separated state lifetimes in the nanosecond regime.

161 ereafter is monitored by Mie scattering with nanosecond resolution, for all of the time needed for th

162 oral microcracking dynamics, with micrometer/nanosecond resolution, through post mortem analysis of t

163 quantum cascade laser IR spectroscopies with nanosecond resolution.

164 Nanosecond-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, s

165 -processed perovskite photodetector with sub-nanosecond response time is presented.

166 ed pixel dwell times into the time domain of nanoseconds, resulting in low signal-to-noise ratios, wh

167 antages of a random Raman laser to image the nanosecond scale dynamics of cavitation formation in wat

168 The appearance of ET-induced nanosecond-scale kinetics in TA features is consistent w

169 h detection efficiency, sub-50-ps jitter and nanosecond-scale reset time.

170 illisecond-scale unbinding events using many nanosecond-scale trajectories that are run without intro

171 The charging current associated with the nanosecond screening process is an important experimenta

172 Phosphorylation was found to block some nanosecond side-chain motions while increasing the flexi

173 of long- and short-lifetime ( approximately nanosecond) signals adds a second dimension for multiple

174 ctures severely destroyed within hundreds of nanosecond simulations.

175 much of current literature highlights slower nanosecond solvation mechanisms in bulk ionic liquids, w

176 and switched between them electrically with nanosecond speed.

177 Here we demonstrate that sub-nanosecond spin-orbit torque pulses can generate single

178 re jump provides a direct measurement of the nanosecond tautomerization kinetics.

179 l quantum dot solids has been limited to the nanosecond temporal regime, curtailing their application

180 for the combination of nanometer spatial and nanosecond temporal resolution.

181 ching and relaxation in Cu(hfac)(2)L(R) with nanosecond temporal resolution.

182 or up to 64 different spectral components at nanosecond temporal resolution.

183 e slower collective motions occurring on the nanosecond (tens to hundreds of nanoseconds) time scales

184 e-transfer excitons with lifetime in the sub-nanosecond time domain.

185 rinted in dynamics occurring deep within the nanosecond time regime that is difficult to characterize

186 tii in the visible and infrared regions with nanosecond time resolution, the latter being accomplishe

187 The results show that fast pico- to nanosecond time scale active site loop fluctuations play

188 on of the reduced B-side quinone A1B(-) on a nanosecond time scale after light-induced charge separat

189 localized cooperativity of motion on the sub-nanosecond time scale and suggesting regions of variable

190 that shows high flexibility on the pico- to nanosecond time scale by (15)N relaxation data.

191 trolled induction of optical activity at the nanosecond time scale for exploitation in a new generati

192 udies, demonstrate that recombination on the nanosecond time scale is mediated by radical pair inters

193 Such configuration has enabled us to reach nanosecond time scale resolution, and we provide here ex

194 On the nanosecond time scale this radical can recombine or unde

195 able monitoring of the transition within the nanosecond time scale while capturing the known microsco

196 catalyst occurs fast enough and efficiently (nanosecond time scale), while the back electron transfer

197 ear beta-hairpin, CLN025, which folds on the nanosecond time scale, folds within the context of a two

198 obases into better aligned geometries on the nanosecond time scale, thus modulating the pi-pi electro

199 e controlled by the spin-orbit torque on the nanosecond time scale, which points to exciting opportun

200 ng) localized dynamics occur on the pico- to nanosecond time scale, while subsequent protein structur

201 that surrounds the flavin chromophore on the nanosecond time scale, while the dark state of AppA is t

202 e and phenylhydroxylamine then occurs on the nanosecond time scale.

203 ered about the internal rotation axis on the nanosecond time scale.

204 le followed by back electron transfer on the nanosecond time scale.

205 th each other weakly, and are dynamic on the nanosecond time scale.

206 rogen bonds in the ion pairs occurs on a sub-nanosecond time scale.

207 wed motions of the glycosylation loop on the nanosecond time scale.

208 icometer movements of protein molecules on a nanosecond time scale.

209 order comparable to the native state on the nanosecond time scale.

210 cing a change of more than 5 pH units at the nanosecond time scale.

211 h two-photon emission processes can occur on nanosecond time scales and can be nearly 2 orders of mag

212 ded temporal dynamics are further chirped to nanosecond time scales using the dispersion in the optic

213 d perovskite nanocrystals occurs on pico- to nanosecond time scales via two spectrally distinct radia

214 ump probe experiments on the femtosecond and nanosecond time scales were carried out.

215 e protein feature structural fluctuations on nanosecond time scales, which have so far been overlooke

216 equilibrium dynamics spanning picosecond to nanosecond time scales.

217 dynamic diffractive optics they can generate nanosecond time windows with over 100-kHz repetition rat

218 A combination of nanosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy with la

219 We have used transient kinetics, nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy t

220 hnique, which combines pulse radiolysis with nanosecond time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy in

221 hNO2, PhNMe2) were investigated by pico- and nanosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (TRIR) an

222 Nanosecond time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy shows

223 The first systematic pico-nanosecond time-resolved spectroscopic study of the fire

224 Associating nanosecond time-resolved spectroscopy and quantum mechan

225 , and temperature-dependent steady-state and nanosecond time-resolved spectroscopy.

226 emission spectroscopies, and femtosecond and nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption and infrar

227 tching field distribution arising on the sub-nanosecond time-scale even in the absence of size and an

228 es of this size are still homogeneous in the nanosecond time-scale.

229 which should be at least in the hundreds of nanoseconds time scale.

230 rocking of low amplitude and of hundreds of nanoseconds time scale.

231 rring on the nanosecond (tens to hundreds of nanoseconds) time scales, are smaller in the central par

232 tructural transformation is not seen even on nanosecond times following an intense photoexcitation.

233 airs, which undergo spin-state mixing on the nanosecond timescale and subsequent geminate recombinati

234 tates that are sampled through picosecond to nanosecond timescale fluctuations of the protein structu

235 talline stishovite grains is resolved on the nanosecond timescale just after shock compression.

236 ploy white-light X-ray Laue diffraction on a nanosecond timescale to make the first in situ observati

237 efficients were found, which converge on the nanosecond timescale toward diffusion coefficients deter

238 and protein resilience on the picosecond-to-nanosecond timescale were measured by elastic incoherent

239 These times are on the nanosecond timescale, and are longer than the characteri

240 -terminal PEST sequence on the picosecond-to-nanosecond timescale, compared to either the WT or the C

241 r at high temperatures: on the picosecond-to-nanosecond timescale, the hydration water exhibits diffu

242 active-site dynamics are driven to a faster nanosecond timescale.

243 ion of the permeant molecule on the pico- to nanosecond timescale.

244 observed, which are enhanced on the slower, nanosecond timescale.

245 tional heterogeneity and fast (picosecond to nanosecond) timescale dynamics, which are significantly

246 ransport and relaxation dynamics at pico- to nanosecond timescales and at length scales relevant to c

247 f NML architectures repetitively operated on nanosecond timescales and identify relevant engineering

248 raction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic

249 rding processes and events that occur on sub-nanosecond timescales poses a difficult challenge.

250 magnetic field, which can be manipulated on nanosecond timescales, providing a platform for addressi

251 off the bond of the photonic molecule on sub-nanosecond timescales.

252 than one order of magnitude on picosecond to nanosecond timescales.

253 ent neutron scattering on the picosecond and nanosecond timescales.

254 scattering spectroscopy on the picosecond to nanosecond timescales.

255 rain profiles in laser compressed samples on nanosecond timescales.

256 nd imprinting processes, but at ultra-short (nanosecond) timescales.

257 rains exhibits unprecedented mobility on the nanosecond to microsecond timescales, and the experiment

258 possible to extract kinetic information from nanosecond to millisecond time scales.

259 d the role of conformational dynamics on the nanosecond to millisecond timescale in HIV-1 CA assembli

260 me 1 by transient absorption spectroscopy on nanosecond to millisecond timescales.

261 r of supercooled metallic liquids within the nanosecond to picosecond regimes.

262 Unexpectedly, studies of fast (nanosecond to picosecond) motions revealed that F508del

263 r four orders of magnitude in time, from one nanosecond to ten microseconds, with a single adjustable

264 broadened coherence time (T2*) from tens of nanoseconds to >2 mus.

265 isolated protein domains to live cells, from nanoseconds to hours.

266 , with nominal simulation times ranging from nanoseconds to microseconds depending on system size.

267 d could be observed spectroscopically on the nanoseconds to microseconds time scale.

268 stacking dynamics at timescales ranging from nanoseconds to microseconds, and other "jittering" motio

269 s with a recombination lifetime from several nanoseconds to microseconds.

270 ered, a CHOL molecule takes an average of 73 nanoseconds to migrate from one bilayer leaflet to the o

271 of conformations on timescales ranging from nanoseconds to milliseconds and above.

272 of the femtosecond bond motions into slower (nanoseconds to milliseconds) motions of the larger prote

273 f its structural dynamics on timescales from nanoseconds to milliseconds.

274 ndensation, with time scales increasing from nanoseconds to tens of millions of years.

275 stoichiometry dependent: it varies form sub-nanoseconds to tens of nanoseconds when the PC61BM conce

276 tic jump of coherence times from few tens of nanoseconds to the microsecond regime between 2 and 3 T

277 scence fluctuations uncovered site-dependent nanosecond-to-microsecond movement of secondary and tert

278 Nanosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy has re

279 Ultrafast and nanosecond transient absorption and time-resolved infrar

280 Nanosecond transient absorption measurements provide com

281 Femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of the mono

282 g 2-to-4 tetrads by means of femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with global

283 radicals were generated and characterized by nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.

284 rated and spectroscopically characterized by nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.

285 established from studies involving femto- to nanosecond transient absorption techniques.

286 real-time investigation utilizes femto- and nanosecond transient absorption, time-resolved EPR (50 n

287 ing the photochemical initiation approach to nanosecond transient infrared and visible absorbance spe

288 CCGGATCCGG}2 and 5'-{CCGGTACCGG}2 using pico/nanosecond transient visible and time-resolved IR (TRIR)

289 Here we interpret a nanosecond transient yellow emission band at 590 nm (2.1

290 Nanosecond transient-absorption and steady-state photoly

291 tes from surface related states and exhibits nanosecond transition.

292 nal-conditional NOT, or Toffoli, gate) in 63 nanoseconds, using an interaction with the third excited

293 iphoton signals are obtained by applying sub-nanosecond voltage gates in order to restrict the detect

294 acts, driven into extreme non-equilibrium by nanosecond voltage pulses.

295 t: it varies form sub-nanoseconds to tens of nanoseconds when the PC61BM concentration changes from 3

296 m has a nuclei-induced dephasing time of 360 nanoseconds, which is an increase by nearly two orders o

297 igid body motions on a time scale of tens of nanoseconds, while the time scale for the seventh helix

298 pi/2 in only 6 nanoseconds (compared to 300 nanoseconds with the solid-state source).

299 ed PCRAM products are limited by the tens of nanoseconds writing speed, originating from the stochast

300 00 ps range were unchanged with pH, although nanosecond yield, rates, and access all changed.