ライフサイエンスコーパス: natural selection

1 ene providing a function that is targeted by natural selection.

2 o the mechanism of adaptation in response to natural selection.

3 rnerstone of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.

4 fe, or sequence analysis, as taught to us by natural selection.

5 G. biloba codon usage bias was dominated by natural selection.

6 ved under pervasive pressures from balancing natural selection.

7 ce that are classic examples of evolution by natural selection.

8 ablishing cellular diversity and a target of natural selection.

9 ablished approach for identifying signals of natural selection.

10 invoked as classic exemplars of evolution by natural selection.

11 rtain genomic locations could reflect recent natural selection.

12 l phases, the roles of color in behavior and natural selection.

13 acellular domains need to be evolved through natural selection.

14 examples of evolutionary diversification by natural selection.

15 notypic variations that subject the cells to natural selection.

16 rphic variants of A1AT have been retained by natural selection.

17 n accumulation lines maintained with minimal natural selection.

18 veness of the behavior and the basis for its natural selection.

19 fitness variance and hence the efficiency of natural selection.

20 how cancer defense mechanisms are shaped by natural selection.

21 d genetic code is the result of considerable natural selection.

22 s that, moreover, are enriched in signals of natural selection.

23 fer is most frequent for loci under positive natural selection.

24 the twin engines of random genetic drift and natural selection.

25 le-induced harm to females and thus opposing natural selection.

26 rial proteins, has been highly influenced by natural selection.

27 considered a canonical case of evolution by natural selection.

28 on, and vertically through the population by natural selection.

29 s for the study of evolutionary genetics and natural selection.

30 and BMI-associated variants have been under natural selection.

31 cture, which in turn determines responses to natural selection.

32 henotypic diversity in the absence of strong natural selection.

33 ive of a loss of phenotypic variation due to natural selection.

34 including mutation, stochastic processes and natural selection.

35 eatedly in the animal kingdom in response to natural selection.

36 ic basis and could serve as raw material for natural selection.

37 alistic intent with intention on the part of natural selection.

38 ays toward these solutions are accessible by natural selection.

39 s by application of phylogeny-based tests of natural selection.

40 roteins are derived from preexisting ones by natural selection.

41 o directly track migrations and responses to natural selection.

42 alytic activity that arose from mutation and natural selection.

43 ecting individual fitness could be shaped by natural selection.

44 ve population size limits efficient purge by natural selection.

45 compatible with the short-sighted concept of natural selection.

46 l to the evolution of genomes in response to natural selection.

47 s are relatively unaffected by the filter of natural selection.

48 n shaped by subtle combinations of human and natural selection.

49 s to their local environments as a result of natural selection.

50 rate, population size, and the intensity of natural selection.

51 hat seems to be excluded by the principle of natural selection.

52 f they do, they may be overcome by long-term natural selection.

53 biological process, shaped simultaneously by natural selection.

54 , whose genomes present no strong signals of natural selection.

55 -interactions are fine-tuned collectively by natural selection.

56 t the need to evoke other mechanisms such as natural selection.

57 tential, a relationship presumably molded by natural selection.

58 nto the processes underlying parasite-driven natural selection.

59 w recombination rate can limit the action of natural selection.

60 icient strategy among colonies maintained by natural selection?

61 across species, and has it been a target of natural selection?

62 on and machine learning can help explain how natural selection across fluctuating environments produc

63 bility and the efficacy of selection because natural selection acting at one site affects evolutionar

64 gene expression evolves as a consequence of natural selection acting between--rather than within--in

65 olve via a scaling relationship generated by natural selection acting directly upon embryo size.

66 nd that cortex has become a major target for natural selection acting on colour and pattern variation

67 the frequency of mutant phages increases by natural selection acting on free phages, which are not c

68 Here we show that natural selection acting on H1N1/2009 directly after int

69 Despite abundant examples of natural selection acting on heritable traits, conclusive

70 isms of regulatory variation, as well as the natural selection acting on this variation that drives a

71 However, natural selection acting on wide individual variation in

72 n the same environments provided evidence of natural selection acting to prevent the plastic response

73 Our results yield new insight into how natural selection, acting on selfish individuals, result

74 key factors of natural history and study how natural selection acts on alleles that modify social beh

75 Our results argue that natural selection acts predominantly on cell size and in

76 r evidence of hard selective sweeps, whereby natural selection acts to increase the frequency of a ne

77 inferred putative genomic regions subject to natural selection after this introduction event using Sw

78 ased from 3-6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern

79 Therefore, natural selection also operates at the level of germline

80 amics follow Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection and a corollary, permitting retrospect

81 the relevance of these interconnections for natural selection and adaptation in plants.

82 exactly these proprieties play key roles in natural selection and adaptation to diverse environments

83 s a means of identifying putative targets of natural selection and compare our results to expectation

84 the challenging problem of jointly inferring natural selection and demography (in the form of a popul

85 been proposed to be favored in the course of natural selection and development.

86 more diverse because both the efficiency of natural selection and DNA sequence diversity are expecte

87 ltivated varieties, reflecting the result of natural selection and domestication.

88 to forward simulations of genetic drift with natural selection and find that selection, rather than d

89 rocesses, including mutation, genetic drift, natural selection and gene flow, can provide the foundat

90 to have resulted from an interaction between natural selection and genetic drift.

91 tanding the evolution of genomes during both natural selection and human tumor growth.

92 nd highlight an important connection between natural selection and learning in the resolution of soci

93 cology and evolution is the relative role of natural selection and neutral evolution in producing bio

94 an be used to directly measure the action of natural selection and reveal important features of conte

95 e enriched in population-specific signals of natural selection and show that admixture with Neanderta

96 ty of opsin genes is significantly driven by natural selection and that the guppy could adapt to vari

97 owing genetic differentiation resulting from natural selection and the low background noise resulting

98 associations between traits under divergent natural selection and traits that contribute to assortat

99 In this study, we investigated whether natural selection and/or mutability of the antibody vari

100 coupled with extensive gene specialization, natural selection, and elevated genetic differentiation

101 provides the genetic diversity required for natural selection, and enables the extensive phenotypic

102 t evolutionary mechanisms, such as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift, and also the inter

103 ion probability is a fundamental quantity of natural selection, and known to depend on the population

104 utionary forces of horizontal gene transfer, natural selection, and migration, as investigations tran

105 productive lineages, genetic drift, on-going natural selection, and recent breeding activity.

106 out population history, the genomic scope of natural selection, and to compare with 40 wild isolates

107 which morphologies that would be favored by natural selection are apparently impossible to achieve d

108 Amplifiers of natural selection are population structures which increa

109 key evolutionary process driving adaptation-natural selection-are largely unknown.

110 Moreover, ants are pervasive agents of natural selection as over 10,000 arthropod species are s

111 These small molecules have been shaped by natural selection as they evolved to fulfill changing fu

112 the non-commutativity and irreversibility of natural selection as well as antibiotic cycling strategi

113 ost straightforward examples of evolution by natural selection, as striking morphological similarity

114 w that bicA + sbtA genotypes were favored by natural selection at low CO2 levels, but were partially

115 riven by parallel substitutions coupled with natural selection at the sequence level.

116 d a scientific basis other than gradualistic natural selection based on adaptive advantage.

117 lone or broader processes, such as social or natural selection, best explain the evolution of elabora

118 Through billions of years of evolution and natural selection, biological systems have developed str

119 Variation is the raw material for natural selection, but the factors shaping variation are

120 cs now make it possible to test directly for natural selection by analyzing whether genetic variants

121 determinants of herbivory (or the target of natural selection by herbivores) is not likely to be cor

122 Our results suggest that natural selection can favor certain behaviors over other

123 In many ecosystems, natural selection can occur quickly enough to influence

124 Our results demonstrate that natural selection can rapidly rewire regulatory networks

125 In particular, it is unclear how natural selection can specifically modulate the size of

126 ent-adapted structures and materials through natural selection, can serve as guides to solve the limi

127 We found no evidence of natural selection causing either recent changes in allel

128 We also present evidence that the targets of natural selection change over time, as epistasis and his

129 Defense against enemies is a type of natural selection considered fundamentally equivalent be

130 and provides direct empirical evidence that natural selection constrains levels of neutral genetic d

131 To understand how genetic variation and natural selection contribute to these differences, we te

132 ovel mode of genome variation, indicate that natural selection contributed to the evolution and conse

133 hybrids, is an important mechanism by which natural selection contributes to speciation [1].

134 earch we describe highlights routes by which natural selection could coopt similar cognitive raw mate

135 Natural selection could favor hosts that partially resis

136 l form, and changes in ontogeny, rather than natural selection, could then explain the diversity of b

137 Natural selection designs some social behaviors to depen

138 We currently have no idea how natural selection directly acts on variation in vitamin

139 Ancient DNA makes it possible to observe natural selection directly by analysing samples from pop

140 ong human groups is structured by a blend of natural selection driven by local climatic conditions an

141 ften evolve early in speciation as divergent natural selection drives adaptation to distinct ecologic

142 The lessons learned about how natural selection drives polyketide chemical innovation

143 ate this pattern is driven by less efficient natural selection due to bottlenecks associated with dom

144 The human body has been shaped by natural selection during the past 4-5 million years.

145 g treatment times, poor drug compliance, and natural selection during treatment of Mycobacterium tube

146 he interaction between self-organisation and natural selection empirically.

147 se early-emerging social skills evolved when natural selection favored increased in-group prosocialit

148 hosts diminish in virulence over time, with natural selection favoring pathogens that cause minimal

149 -one pathogen systems have demonstrated that natural selection favors pathogen genotypes that are vir

150 ggesting that when there is little conflict, natural selection favors the honest.

151 In particular, how can natural selection favour developmental organisations tha

152 r cheating; however, empirical evidence that natural selection favours cheating in mutualisms is spar

153 rplay between viruses and their hosts, where natural selection for resistance to one virus could make

154 for potential evolutionary trade-offs, where natural selection for resistance to one virus may make h

155 oughout the genome and are rapidly purged by natural selection from gene-rich regions because they fr

156 ould be expected by chance, and Inference of Natural Selection from Interspersed Genomically coHerent

157 ss, we observe a decrease in the efficacy of natural selection genome-wide due to the combined effect

158 individuals from 105 populations, to examine natural selection, haplotype frequencies and linkage dis

159 s have provided circumstantial evidence that natural selection has acted to lower noise levels.

160 een these scores and fitness to test whether natural selection has been occurring.

161 My results imply that natural selection has been slowly favoring lower EA in b

162 ion due to SNPs in this class, implying that natural selection has driven down the frequency of many

163 Our findings show that natural selection has endowed human kind with a tendency

164 Together, our results suggest that natural selection has favored a locally adaptive configu

165 nary analyses agree with the hypothesis that natural selection has maintained these distinct ecologic

166 shaped the variation in the two species, but natural selection has played the major role among indige

167 nts (SREs) and evaluated the extent to which natural selection has shaped extant patterns of variatio

168 Natural selection has shaped the evolution of organisms

169 be involved, it remains largely unclear how natural selection has shaped the evolution of these indu

170 licts have occurred between interactants, so natural selection has very likely also endowed humans wi

171 in turn on how migration, genetic drift, and natural selection have acted.

172 on's rule asserts that a trait is favored by natural selection if the benefit to others, [Formula: se

173 are considered more likely to be favored by natural selection if they possess more accurate sensors.

174 ollowed Darwin's classic syllogism regarding natural selection: If variation exists at the level of g

175 ility of a genotype network via mutation and natural selection; (iii) multiple interactive visualizat

176 est for the presence of linear and nonlinear natural selection in a contemporary population of the Un

177 ellites to investigate genetic signatures of natural selection in a model invasive ascidian, Ciona ro

178 ce pattern of the X chromosome exposes it to natural selection in a way that is different from that o

179 ra provided the first convincing examples of natural selection in action.

180 sually sufficiently large to be perceived by natural selection in bacterial populations, but not in e

181 underappreciated source of raw material for natural selection in coral symbioses.

182 g of the globe, as well as the importance of natural selection in determining the geographic distribu

183 ironment (IBE), which may have resulted from natural selection in environments with divergent climate

184 Among the genes influenced by natural selection in high-altitude populations is one fo

185 ments have invoked the increased efficacy of natural selection in larger populations to explain this

186 yses concerning limitations on the action of natural selection in nonequilibrial populations and argu

187 Our data implicate natural selection in phenotypic diversification and supp

188 the relative roles of neutral demography and natural selection in promoting massive introgression are

189 Here, we explore the role of natural selection in shaping the processes that underlie

190 rage ancient genomes to document episodes of natural selection in southern African populations.

191 study provided important insights for recent natural selection in the context of the unique history o

192 th American breeds and we find evidence that natural selection in the relatively harsh environment of

193 d in the detection of positive and purifying natural selection in the source population.

194 vitamin D status is both heritable and under natural selection in the wild.

195 c basis and could represent raw material for natural selection in times of climate change.

196 abolism are likely to be targets of positive natural selection in Western African Pygmies or their re

197 ffer opportunities to observe the effects of natural selection in wild populations.

198 such as Neanderthals, and the ways in which natural selection, in its various guises, has shaped gen

199 olutionary parameters important in detecting natural selection, including nucleotide diversity and ge

200 The analogy between plant breeding and natural selection indicates that the basic requirements

201 ns for many generations, therefore rendering natural selection ineffective and allowing new mutations

202 s relative to other tissues, consistent with natural selection influencing the tissue-specific regula

203 al component of bacterial fitness, molded by natural selection into the many elaborate shapes observe

204 Detection of recent natural selection is a challenging problem in population

205 Darwin's theory of natural selection is among the most powerful ideas in sc

206 l adaptation arising from recurrent positive natural selection is associated with the rate of HIV-1 d

207 tness as a measure for a species' success in natural selection is central to the theory of evolution.

208 Although natural selection is expected to reduce variability, pol

209 Evolution via natural selection is governed by the persistence and pro

210 hen show that the magnitude of the impact of natural selection is positively correlated with Nc, base

211 When hybridisation carries a cost, natural selection is predicted to favour evolution of tr

212 s are only the first step to discern whether natural selection is responsible and capable of effectin

213 t evolutionary change can occur rapidly when natural selection is strong; thus, real-time studies of

214 es such as Darwin's finches demonstrate that natural selection is the driving force of adaptive radia

215 Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is the foundation of modern biology.

216 olution, known as the Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection, is well appreciated by evolutionists.

217 on's rule, which is said to be as general as natural selection itself.

218 to chemical stress, it is often thought that natural selection leads to a general reduction of geneti

219 Through natural selection, many plant organs have evolved optima

220 Evolutionary processes of natural selection may be expected to leave their mark on

221 h females and males, and are suggestive that natural selection may have favored a higher age at menar

222 This implies that natural selection may provide an explanation for this lo

223 To mimic the natural selection mechanisms that occur by compartmental

224 ding debate about the relative importance of natural selection, mutation, and random drift.

225 As a source of genetic diversity and natural selection, mutations are beneficial for evolutio

226 ng-why does it persist in environments where natural selection necessarily acts to remove it?

227 a survival advantage that contributes to the natural selection of HbC in malaria-endemic areas.

228 Natural selection of variants within the Arabidopsis tha

229 We show that opposing seasonal episodes of natural selection on body size interacted with both dire

230 ed by broad host range fungi likely increase natural selection on codon optimization in these species

231 en the first biopolymer to support Darwinian natural selection on Earth.

232 frican origin but instead result from strong natural selection on genes related to human body size.

233 Moreover, natural selection on HFE may have contributed to elevate

234 Parasites can be a major cause of natural selection on hosts, which consequently evolve a

235 is, we relied on the fact that the impact of natural selection on linked neutral diversity depends on

236 be used to assess effects of artificial and natural selection on means and variances of traits and t

237 energy allocation evolved in response to the natural selection on migration route and physiological t

238 We inferred strong stabilizing natural selection on quantitative traits because genetic

239 Current theory presumes that natural selection on vascular traits is controlled by a

240 It is obvious that natural selection operates at the level of individuals a

241 We argue that natural selection operates on emotional and cognitive ca

242 When biomolecules physically interact, natural selection operates on them jointly.

243 of recombination, consistent with pervasive natural selection operating in the genome.

244 We find a rich dynamics, showing how natural selection, operating on a population of individu

245 lution represents an optimal state driven by natural selection or the contingent product of historica

246 ize a view of clonal evolution that stresses natural selection over deterministic ontogeny, and we st

247 iously shown that CD4 has experienced strong natural selection over the course of primate speciation,

248 tance among rats as a consequence of intense natural selection permits the model to reproduce observe

249 Nevertheless, natural selection persists in modern humans, both as dif

250 for water-use efficiency (WUE) suggests that natural selection plays a role in maintaining alleles th

251 Instead, natural selection preferentially allows buffered alleles

252 cular display sites often balance sexual and natural selection pressures.

253 eaches evolved their modern morphology under natural selection, presumably involving large, frugivoro

254 pothesis for mutation-rate evolution is that natural selection primarily operates to improve replicat

255 Two distinct forms of natural selection promote adaptive biological diversity.

256 ave profound effects on their hosts, driving natural selection, promoting speciation and determining

257 g framework, we estimate the degree to which natural selection reduces linked neutral diversity for 4

258 uated by social learning imposing an altered natural selection regime.

259 h slaves, yet their history of admixture and natural selection remains largely undefined.

260 These results demonstrate that natural selection removes more variation at linked neutr

261 omologous series, most likely as a result of natural selection rules driven by ring strain and steric

262 Natural selection seems to have an association with the

263 Mutation and natural selection shape the genetic variation in natural

264 Theory predicts that natural selection should favor coordination between leaf

265 climate is changing rapidly, other agents of natural selection such as photoperiod remain constant.

266 Signals of natural selection suggest that P. vivax is evolving in r

267 ichment of immune-related genes subjected to natural selection, suggesting that pathogens and infecti

268 We develop a novel test of natural selection targeting synonymous sites and demonst

269 Conversely, natural selection that fails to enhance evolvability is

270 ms developed in his 1966 book Adaptation and Natural Selection the essentials of a unifying theory of

271 hip between our measure of the efficiency of natural selection, the nonsynonymous relative to the syn

272 s optimized solutions, precisely sculpted by natural selection; their common features are often asser

273 In order for gene dosage to be visible to natural selection, there must necessarily be a correlati

274 Natural selection therefore works at the level of the en

275 olve and, particularly, whether they undergo natural selection to benefit hosts are complex issues th

276 ciations with hosts without having undergone natural selection to benefit hosts.

277 on and undermining the efficacy of divergent natural selection to drive population differences.

278 geographic isolation and the inefficiency of natural selection to eliminate harmful variants in small

279 We derive precise conditions for natural selection to favor the evolution of non-reproduc

280 d alters its molecular signature by allowing natural selection to more efficiently sort beneficial fr

281 se microbial communities can generate strong natural selection to reach the growing edge.

282 est Africans, leading to the hypothesis that natural selection to remove weakly deleterious mutations

283 n the open ocean, suggesting a mechanism for natural selection to shape reflectance properties in thi

284 challenging to explain evolutionarily, since natural selection typically favors selfish behavior whic

285 However, natural selection typically generates adaptation in resp

286 sly published sequences to study the role of natural selection under different environmental pressure

287 een interacting species results in recurrent natural selection via constant cycles of adaptation and

288 dom by genetic drift, even in the absence of natural selection, was a seminal advance in evolutionary

289 To investigate signals of natural selection, we analyzed genotype data generated u

290 l field fitness and are therefore subject to natural selection, we conducted a multi-year field trial

291 uctuations in the intensity and direction of natural selection, we have little information about the

292 Using the PC-based test for natural selection, we replicate previously known selecte

293 l need to understand the conditions in which natural selection will discover such deep regularities r

294 Conventional wisdom is that natural selection will remove highly lethal pathogens if

295 irst, it has been proposed that mutation and natural selection will tend to result in proteins with a

296 did exposure to hypoxia drive adaptation via natural selection within Andean populations or did an ex

297 In particular, methods to infer the role of natural selection within established human tumors are la

298 ation could have emerged spontaneously under natural selection, without requiring cognitive preadapta

299 spired immense progress in understanding how natural selection works.

300 dly in similar environments, probably due to natural selection, yet this evolution can proceed along