ライフサイエンスコーパス: negative selection

1 sis: beta-selection, positive selection, and negative selection.

2 s and substantially increases the potency of negative selection.

3 s indicated that these motifs are under weak negative selection.

4 ral, highlighting a near-complete absence of negative selection.

5 us Nur77 could be similarly regulated during negative selection.

6 for the escape of these T cells from thymic negative selection.

7 by altering the thresholds for positive and negative selection.

8 CR) thresholds of signalling strength causes negative selection.

9 ntacts, sustained TCR signals, and efficient negative selection.

10 o be under initially positive, then strongly negative selection.

11 n potential non-B DNA regions a signature of negative selection.

12 that eventually leads to TCR triggering and negative selection.

13 that is selectively activated during B cell-negative selection.

14 esults in enhanced rescue of thymocytes from negative selection.

15 al stages, and its influence on BCR-mediated negative selection.

16 esponses, yet allow cognate T cells to avoid negative selection.

17 must acquire self-antigen to mediate thymic negative selection.

18 0 expression on B cells is critical for this negative selection.

19 sitive selection and mask secondary TCR from negative selection.

20 whereas 1 h of signaling was sufficient for negative selection.

21 ent and kept at lower frequencies because of negative selection.

22 ive selection and transient peak signals for negative selection.

23 n the thymus to create a window of defective negative selection.

24 are likely damaging and have largely evaded negative selection.

25 lar disorder did not seem to be under strong negative selection.

26 phagy gene abolished direct presentation for negative selection.

27 he oldest 20%, consistent with the action of negative selection.

28 re deleted in the thymus by a process called negative selection.

29 ophagy in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) for negative selection.

30 ers survive in the population despite strong negative selection.

31 selected residues in a background of strong negative selection.

32 vial fluid macrophages were isolated by CD14 negative selection.

33 RasGRP1/Sos1 deletion was required to block negative selection.

34 CR of a TRA-specific T cell that had escaped negative selection.

35 selection efficiency, suggesting a shift to negative selection.

36 and identification of attenuated mutants by negative selection.

37 cells (DCs) required for effective thymocyte negative selection.

38 ited selection niches, and poor positive and negative selection.

39 cell generation, consistent with rescue from negative selection.

40 fate of autoreactive thymocytes that survive negative selection.

41 ue antigens, which leads to defective T-cell negative selection.

42 rematurely expressed, but not the process of negative selection.

43 itive selection, but might also be shaped by negative selection.

44 horter CDR3s arise independently of positive/negative selection.

45 recombination and simultaneous positive and negative selection.

46 all other cells, including those involved in negative selection.

47 of autoantigens to developing T cells during negative selection.

48 e are associated with disease and experience negative selection.

49 zed by independent substitutions and relaxed negative selection.

50 pecific CD4 T cells in a form of extrathymic negative selection.

51 activation but is ultimately dispensable for negative selection.

52 arly in seed plants and evolved under strong negative selection.

53 We find evidence for both positive and negative selection acting upon specific alleles, while i

54 phimurium were performed, alternating with a negative selection against a mixture of related pathogen

55 ermine that, overall, the genes under strong negative selection against amino-acid-changing mutations

56 mains of the protein, suggesting that strong negative selection against BCL2 loss-of-function mutatio

57 Negative selection against highly self-reactive thymocyt

58 notype of MRE/Rpr, coupled with the observed negative selection against Reaper expression, indicates

59 an tumors evolves in the presence of limited negative selection against somatic mutations.

60 hysiological HY(cd4) TCR transgenic model of negative selection against ubiquitous self-antigen, we p

61 blishment, which is constituted by thymocyte negative selection and cluster of differentiation (CD) 4

62 l cells (mTEC) regulate T cell tolerance via negative selection and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell (Treg)

63 c epithelial cell (mTEC) networks to support negative selection and Foxp3(+) T-regulatory cell (T-reg

64 d the size of the mTEC compartment, enhanced negative selection and functional maturation of medullar

65 and MHCII-restricted thymocytes to initiate negative selection and generate self-tolerance.

66 fetal thymic organ cultures (FTOCs) allowed negative selection and generation of T cells tolerant to

67 but constitute the primary drivers of thymic negative selection and iIEL lineage differentiation.

68 toantigen-activated CLL cells to escape from negative selection and indicate that this mechanism coul

69 ngaged negative feedback mechanisms by which negative selection and inhibitory receptors restrain TCR

70 taining the appropriate microenvironment for negative selection and maturation of immunocompetent T c

71 ipper transcription factor 2 (BACH2) induces negative selection and opposes BCL6 function prior to th

72 iabetic NOD mice have defects in both thymic negative selection and peripheral regulation of autoreac

73 he TCR-reactivity threshold to elicit thymic negative selection and peripheral T cell responses was ~

74 ar receptor NCoR1 suppresses Bim1 to inhibit negative selection and promote thymocyte survival.

75 Negative selection and regulatory T (T reg) cell develop

76 Our data provide a timeline for negative selection and reveal close coupling between cel

77 0L costimulatory interactions, which mediate negative selection and self-tolerance, upregulate expres

78 They are expected to experience negative selection and stay intact under pressure of inc

79 possible for a resistant strain to be under negative selection and still emerge in an infection or s

80 These findings exemplify how negative selection and subtle enzyme changes can lead to

81 the process of regulatory T (Treg) cell and negative selection and the importance of TCR signaling.

82 peripheral T cells that have escaped thymic negative selection and thus contribute significantly to

83 , perturbation of apoptosis will affect both negative selection and Treg development.

84 ions resulting in protein truncation undergo negative selection and were almost exclusively heteropla

85 Many of the 8F10 CD4(+) T cells escaped negative selection and were highly pathogenic.

86 lead to thymocyte-positive selection caused negative selection, and alterations in the TCR repertoir

87 active CD8 T cells (CTLs) escape from thymic negative selection, and peripheral tolerance mechanisms

88 the X chromosome, evidence for positive and negative selection, and rapid evolution of the X chromos

89 However, insulin-reactive T cells escape negative selection, and subsequent activation of the CD8

90 in mixed bone marrow chimeras, positive and negative selection are equally efficient on B6 and NOD b

91 cell maturation, although both positive and negative selection are unaltered.

92 Rather, positive and negative selections are enabled solely by suicide vector

93 simple sequence coding repeats may be under negative selection as they tend to be poorly conserved a

94 nts of positive selection and, unexpectedly, negative selection as well.

95 actors that influence the efficacy of thymic negative selection, as well as the kinetics of thymic ou

96 g reveals a comprehensive suppression of the negative selection-associated gene expression programme

97 ings identify BACH2 as a crucial mediator of negative selection at the pre-B cell receptor checkpoint

98 een survival (positive selection) and death (negative selection) at this stage.

99 parable Nur77 induction in thymocytes during negative selection, Bim deficiency resulted in an accumu

100 ption factor Helios, which is induced during negative selection but decreases during positive selecti

101 esulted in graded reductions in positive and negative selection but did not decrease the cumulative T

102 ity (positive selection) or for specificity (negative selection), but not both simultaneously.

103 this decline mainly results from defects in negative selection, but there is insufficient evidence r

104 ied thymus attempts to balance the defective negative selection by enhancing tTreg cell generation to

105 tic Bcl-2 family member Bim is important for negative selection by inducing apoptosis in thymocytes r

106 usual IS features may facilitate escape from negative selection by self-reactive T cells encountering

107 protects positively selected thymocytes from negative selection by suppressing Bim expression.

108 gh-affinity agonist self-ligands results in 'negative selection' by activation-induced apoptosis or '

109 From this viewpoint, positive and negative selection can be understood as mechanisms to ma

110 We also show that the magnitude of negative selection can be used to infer the functional i

111 of immune tolerance in response to defective negative selection caused by reduced TCR signaling capab

112 7 deficiency alone did not alter positive or negative selection, combined deficiency in Bim and Nur77

113 orter antigen dwell time (0.2 s) to initiate negative selection compared to MHCI-restricted TCRs (0.9

114 ved significant results in both positive and negative selection conditions and outperformed existing

115 ies suggest that the molecular mechanisms of negative selection differ depending on the thymic compar

116 Their genomic distribution implies ongoing negative selection due to deleterious effects on gene ex

117 cies evolution, positive selection outweighs negative selection during cancer development.

118 s and mandarins), has been under positive or negative selection during the breeding process of new sp

119 We also found evidence for negative selection during transmission against novel het

120 greater mortality-driven biomass loss, i.e. negative selection effects, suggesting successional nich

121 fficient antigen-presenting cells for T cell negative selection even when they are present at low fre

122 Thymic positive and negative selection events generate a T-cell repertoire t

123 A failure of negative selection, facilitated by decreased expression

124 marked by CD44, CD24, and Epcam (3+) and by negative selection for Ecadherin (Ecad-) that comprises

125 rpl42+ cassette can be used for positive and negative selection for integration at a targeted locus.

126 t of 17 MSY genes, most being constrained by negative selection for nearly 100 million years.

127 l-SELEX with positive selection for TICs and negative selection for non-TICs and human neural progeni

128 that produce oncogenic metabolites, there is negative selection for pathogenic mitochondrial genome m

129 cells that are pre-screened by positive and negative selection for the ability to be 'moderately' pe

130 ion to "core" pathogen proteins under strong negative selection for the maintenance of essential cell

131 reshold during an infection is below that of negative selection for TRA.

132 The ability to estimate positive and negative selection from these sequence data has broad ap

133 However, detection of negative selection has been notoriously difficult, partl

134 age-dependent associations might explain why negative selection has not removed variants causally ass

135 lection via adhesion can be transformed into negative selection if the host secretes large quantities

136 to explore the complexity of positive versus negative selection in B cells.

137 ansgenic mice demonstrated an altered thymic negative selection in FAT10-deficient mice.

138 ary in M1T1 GAS strain 5448 was subjected to negative selection in human blood to identify genes impo

139 the demonstration of functional intrathymic negative selection in I-A(12%) mice, transfer of I-A(12%

140 ecovery from inactivation is associated with negative selection in mammals.

141 he number of T cells undergoing positive and negative selection in normal mice has never been firmly

142 The negative selection in OA group has influenced the worse

143 raction of self-reactive T cells that escape negative selection in response to agonist-driven TCR sig

144 d as deleterious by exploiting the signal of negative selection in the gene genealogy enhanced by the

145 that have become uncoupled from positive and negative selection in the germinal center.

146 ficiency in IL-23 signalling interferes with negative selection in the male D(b)/H-Y T-cell receptor

147 f self-peptides by T cells that have escaped negative selection in the thymus can lead to autoimmune

148 During negative selection in the thymus, thymocytes with autore

149 of naive BCR-ABL-specific T cells was due to negative selection in the thymus, which depleted BCR-ABL

150 une T cell development and their escape from negative selection in the thymus.

151 In addition, iNKT cells that avoid negative selection in these mice express natural sequenc

152 We further reveal that positive and negative selection in vitro are constrained by peptide-M

153 lection, their development is also shaped by negative selection in vivo.

154 unction of NCoR1 in coordinated positive and negative selections in the thymus.Thymocytes are screene

155 bled us to identify mutations that underwent negative selection, in addition to mutations that experi

156 ic dendritic cells play an important role in negative selection, in line with their ability to induce

157 ral effects to a unique role in TCR-mediated negative selection including elimination of natural T re

158 term persistence of individual HCV variants, negative selection increase, and complex dynamics of vir

159 red with 24alphabetaTg mice, indicating that negative selection increases among type II NKT cells eng

160 t similar SNPs are rare in the genome due to negative selection, indicating that polymorphisms in p53

161 erlaps with the DP(lo) population undergoing negative selection, indicating that, concomitant with th

162 stage, and this second wave of Bim-dependent negative selection involved 20% of nascent cells.

163 thought to involve peripheral tolerance and negative selection, involving apoptosis of autoreactive

164 These data provide strong evidence that negative selection is crucial for establishing T cell to

165 T cells effectively, especially when thymic negative selection is genetically impaired.

166 However, negative selection is imperfect, and autoreactive T cell

167 r, evidence supporting an essential role for negative selection is limited.

168 Negative selection is one of the primary mechanisms that

169 that may escape detection because CD16-based negative selection is the standard procedure for the iso

170 The signal of negative selection is very subtle, but is detectable in

171 hrough defects in apoptosis, suppression, or negative selection, leads to organ-specific autoimmunity

172 ry members, as well as allowing positive and negative selection logics using basally active promoters

173 Dual-conditional positive/negative selection markers are versatile genetic tools f

174 This functional redundancy in RasGEFs during negative selection may act as a failsafe mechanism ensur

175 sociated with European colonization, whereby negative selection may have acted on the same gene after

176 a and how manipulating TRP-1-specific T-cell negative selection may offer a logical strategy to enhan

177 Although negative selection mechanisms including deletion, anergy

178 We have developed a rapid negative selection method to enrich rare mononuclear cel

179 e nuclear receptor Nur77, also implicated in negative selection, might function redundantly to promot

180 ytes that successfully complete positive and negative selection must still undergo one final step, ge

181 Despite negative selection, mycobacteria diversified within indi

182 Negative selection occurred by various mechanisms, inclu

183 hymocytes can support surprisingly efficient negative selection of Ag-specific thymocytes.

184 ing antigen-receptor signals responsible for negative selection of autoreactive lymphocytes.

185 r (AIRE) protein is the key factor in thymic negative selection of autoreactive T cells by promoting

186 versed autoimmunity and reestablished thymic negative selection of autoreactive T cells in NOD mice,

187 of CD40, and that reciprocally functions in negative selection of autoreactive T cells.

188 herwise tissue-restricted Ag genes to enable negative selection of autoreactive T cells.

189 that MHC-mismatched mixed chimerism mediates negative selection of autoreactive thymocytes in wild-ty

190 ay multiple roles in this process, including negative selection of autoreactive thymocytes, influenci

191 ated TG2 are absent from the response due to negative selection of B cells recognizing membrane-bound

192 , 4E10HL mice were found to undergo profound negative selection of B cells, indicating that 4E10 is,

193 n that could be unambiguously identified was negative selection of CD4/CD8 double positive thymocytes

194 Negative selection of crossreactive TCRs led to clonal d

195 Ag-mediated negative selection of developing chicken B cells can the

196 epithelial cells (mTECs) and, consequently, negative selection of effector T cells and positive sele

197 ive selection of tyrosines and glycines, and negative selection of leucines.

198 The positive and negative selection of lymphocytes by antigen is central

199 reduced positive selection of NXT sites and negative selection of NXS sites.

200 II TCR transgenic mice resulted in increased negative selection of OTII(+) thymocytes and in increase

201 al tolerance, CCR4 is involved in regulating negative selection of polyclonal and T cell receptor (TC

202 Although the negative selection of self-reactive B cells in the bone

203 It once seemed clear that negative selection of self-specific T cells in the thymu

204 Inefficient thymic negative selection of self-specific T cells is associate

205 PKCdelta is essential for antigen-dependent negative selection of splenic transitional B cells and i

206 Thymic B cells can mediate negative selection of superantigen-specific, self-reacti

207 plicated in presentation of autoantigens for negative selection of T cell progenitors.

208 es have shown that this results in defective negative selection of T cells and defective early seedin

209 vides a specialized microenvironment for the negative selection of T cells, with the presence of auto

210 ithelial cells, which play a pivotal role in negative selection of T cells.

211 n costimulatory molecule, CD28, augments the negative selection of Tconv cells and promotes the gener

212 marker known to diverge during positive and negative selection of thymocytes and reveal the extent,

213 Positive and negative selection of thymocytes in the thymus are criti

214 autoimmunity, which may be caused by failed negative selection of thymocytes or from dysregulation o

215 mphocyte activation and promote positive and negative selection of thymocytes, T lymphocyte migration

216 Aire deficiency resulted in defective negative selection of TRP-1-specific T cells without aff

217 RP1, demonstrating that GILT is required for negative selection of TRP1-specific thymocytes.

218 al dimorphism is unknown, but it may reflect negative selection of Y chromosome-bearing sperm during

219 ed for efficient positive selection, but not negative selection, of thymocytes.

220 The precise impact of thymic positive and negative selection on the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoi

221 e frequencies, consistent with the action of negative selection on these SNPs.

222 nfitness genes, can provide new positive and negative selection options to intractable weed problems.

223 marrows of mouse mutants under constitutive negative selection or an altered ability to undergo seco

224 activity of T cells that have escaped thymic negative selection or peripheral inactivation.

225 nated through TCR-agonist-induced apoptosis (negative selection) or restrained by regulatory T (Treg)

226 ith their considerably high powers to detect negative selection, our new neutrality tests may open ne

227 the Emu-deficient allele are ignored during negative selection owing to their comparatively low dens

228 The eQTLs are predominantly under negative selection, particularly those affecting essenti

229 y the same agonist self-antigens that induce negative selection, perturbation of apoptosis will affec

230 In conclusion, a negative selection plus flow cytometry protocol efficien

231 Minimotifs are generally under negative selection, possessing high genomic evolutionary

232 dependence on dietary choline would be under negative selection pressure in settings where choline in

233 suggest that the endosymbiont may not place negative selection pressure on its host herbivore in thi

234 having fewer children and are under stronger negative selection pressure than common sequence variant

235 ations in autism genes would be under strong negative selection pressure.

236 Negative selection, primarily mediated through clonal de

237 A negative selection protocol plus flow cytometry was vali

238 ces the frequency of Il7(YFP+) TECs, whereas negative selection provokes a striking loss of Il7(YFP+)

239 Negative selection purges thymocytes whose T-cell recept

240 igen by medullary TECs, displaying decreased negative selection-related marker genes (Nur77 and CD5hi

241 which bypass the affinity limits imposed by negative selection, remain unresponsive to the low level

242 ely selected thymocytes from being purged by negative selection remains unclear.

243 We now report that clonal deletion during negative selection required CD28-mediated costimulation

244 rgo death by neglect, positive selection, or negative selection, respectively.

245 dullary thymic epithelial cells and impaired negative selection, resulting in production of autoreact

246 amplify unproductive cheaters, we devised a negative selection scheme to eliminate cheaters while pr

247 A negative selection screen for essential genes identified

248 Even an unbiased negative selection screen using a vast pool of Y. pestis

249 A proof-of-principle CRISPR-UMI negative-selection screen provided increased sensitivity

250 Negative-selection screening in the pancreas using multi

251 xenograft models, creating a high-throughput negative-selection screening platform in a functional in

252 genome-wide libraries, perform positive and negative selection screens and observe that the use of t

253 selection step against S. enteritidis and a negative selection step against a mixture of related pat

254 ion step against viable S. typhimurium and a negative selection step against heat killed S. typhimuri

255 atic cancer, we devised an in vitro positive/negative selection strategy to identify RNA ligands (apt

256 on a 3'-UTR-enriched library and a positive/negative selection strategy.

257 ate that close to the affinity threshold for negative selection, sufficient numbers of self-reactive

258 efficiencies compared to the commonly used, negative selection systems.

259 bservation that six times more cells undergo negative selection than complete positive selection.

260 tion, and agonist selection are all forms of negative selection that can occur following a high-affin

261 ning approach suitable for both positive and negative selection that uses a genome-scale lentiviral s

262 s how TCR affinity affects the efficiency of negative selection, the ability to prime an autoimmune r

263 Because of negative selection, the coding sequence for the prothrom

264 Despite a significant role in negative selection, the events regulating thymic DC matu

265 s of yeast display screening integrated with negative selection, the evolved sortases exhibit specifi

266 he importance of thymic DC cross-dressing in negative selection, the factors that regulate the proces

267 T-CD4 T-cell development during positive and negative selection, the signaling strength is not as imp

268 cells to change their sensitivity to thymic negative selection, thereby allowing their thymic produc

269 that are distinct from other APCs that cause negative selection, thereby promoting an overall larger

270 s from inappropriately crossing the positive/negative selection threshold by dampening TCR signaling.

271 ing antigens with an affinity just above the negative selection threshold exhibited the highest risk

272 We show that negative selection thresholds chosen to reflect experime

273 cell receptor signaling ends BACH2-mediated negative selection through B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6)-medi

274 itch peptides between positive selection and negative selection to avoid the two processes' often can

275 Self-reactive T cells must escape thymic negative selection to mediate pathogenic autoimmunity.

276 ressor 1 (NCoR1) in T cells causes excessive negative selection to reduce mature thymocyte numbers.

277 When constructs were subjected to negative selection to remove subspecies recognized by po

278 Thymocytes must pass both positive and negative selections to become mature T cells.

279 Evidence of negative selection was assessed in 2 populations: one in

280 Although negative selection was defective in 6F/6F mice, leading

281 lls in the embryo spleen, demonstrating that negative selection was independent of the bursal microen

282 enic transformation, this basic mechanism of negative selection was still functional in ALL cells.

283 significant disease genes may be subject to negative selection, we developed a prediction method tha

284 patterns of evolution; sequence homology and negative selection were highest in Gag and Pol and lowes

285 transgenic mouse model, thymic positive and negative selections were reduced in PLCgamma1 heterozygo

286 tions of viability (positive) and fecundity (negative) selection were consistent, but the magnitude o

287 proteins (self-pMHC) with low affinity, and negative selection, which eliminates T cells with TCRs t

288 reened by two processes, termed positive and negative selections, which are permissive only for immat

289 single amino acid substitution resulting in negative selection with a ground-state mode against gluc

290 Positive/negative selection with d-amino acids was effective in v

291 may share some characteristics required for negative selection with MPhis, they do not share those r

292 pecific bNAbs PGT145, PGT151, and 3BC315 and negative selection with non-NAbs against the V3 region e

293 Ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta caused a negative selection with respect to cells expressing high

294 ding base substitution/tumor is lost through negative selection, with purifying selection almost abse

295 f the P. aeruginosa genome is constrained by negative selection, with strong positive selection actin

296 synchronized cohort of thymocytes undergoing negative selection within a three-dimensional thymic tis

297 s a powerful mechanism for both positive and negative selection within the microbiota.

298 te positively selecting peptides, a block at negative selection would point to the potential need to

299 , allowing the autoreactive T cells to evade negative selection, yet retain the ability to be activat

300 strategy whereby autoreactive T cells escape negative selection, yet retain the ability to initiate a