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1 y and the development of birth defects (e.g. neural tube defects).
2 the risk of having a pregnancy affected by a neural tube defect.
3 potential molecular mechanism underlying the neural tube defect.
4 e associated with pregnancy complicated by a neural-tube defect.
5 es a woman's risk of having an infant with a neural-tube defect.
6 an's risk of having a fetus or infant with a neural-tube defect.
7 ted with modification of disease and risk of neural tube defects.
8 m retinal degeneration and cystic kidneys to neural tube defects.
9 ed cross-midline cell divisions, and similar neural tube defects.
10 men and causes many complications, including neural tube defects.
11 n in the periconceptional period can prevent neural tube defects.
12 folate was not significantly associated with neural tube defects.
13 duced the occurrence of folic acid-sensitive neural tube defects.
14  who remain at increased risk of preventable neural tube defects.
15 sociation of folic acid supplementation with neural tube defects.
16 itute of Medicine to reduce the frequency of neural tube defects.
17                   Its deficiency can lead to neural tube defects.
18 ation in the treatment of homocystinuria and neural tube defects.
19 ed as candidate susceptibility gene in human neural tube defects.
20 lethality with embryos manifesting heart and neural tube defects.
21 hey were proven to prevent the occurrence of neural tube defects.
22 c kidney disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and neural tube defects.
23  the risk that women will have children with neural tube defects.
24 n between Wnt signaling and folate rescue of neural tube defects.
25 th as a result of skeletal malformations and neural tube defects.
26 e, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and neural tube defects.
27 is well established that folic acid prevents neural tube defects.
28 kappa B activity leads to prenatal death and neural tube defects.
29 oronary artery disease, Down's syndrome, and neural tube defects.
30 dreher(J) (dr(J)), all of which cause dorsal neural tube defects.
31 dy on folic acid supplementation and risk of neural tube defects.
32  supplementation provided protection against neural tube defects.
33 lar diseases and Alzheimers disease and with neural tube defects.
34  occurring mouse mutant that develops severe neural tube defects.
35 e was not associated with increased risk for neural tube defects.
36 te from drinking water and diet and risk for neural tube defects.
37 st occurrence, as well as the recurrence, of neural tube defects.
38 n disorders ranging from vascular disease to neural tube defects.
39  produces tail deformities and, rarely, open neural tube defects.
40  candidate risk factor for susceptibility to neural tube defects.
41 ormations, including craniofacial, heart and neural tube defects.
42 dify the incidence of spina bifida and other neural tube defects.
43 pendent risk factor for vascular disease and neural tube defects.
44  with a phenocopy of DGS, or neonatally with neural tube defects.
45 g either protein exhibit a high frequency of neural tube defects.
46 in the prevention of many diseases including neural tube defects.
47 ociated with a low risk of folate-responsive neural tube defects.
48 imal for the prevention of folate-responsive neural tube defects.
49 ood fortification are recommended to prevent neural tube defects.
50 s in lamin B1 are susceptibility factors for neural tube defects.
51 genetic basis underlying the pathogenesis of neural tube defects.
52  implications for a population-level risk of neural tube defects.
53 utations in Vangl2 are associated with human neural tube defects.
54 FR) 677C>T polymorphism is a risk factor for neural tube defects.
55  Ozone was associated with decreased odds of neural tube defects.
56 uring pregnancy to decrease the incidence of neural tube defects.
57 e identified 102 and 173, respectively, with neural-tube defects.
58 nd was highest for the nine stillbirths with neural-tube defects.
59 tified with folic acid to prevent congenital neural-tube defects.
60 n: Does fortification prevent folate-related neural tube defects?
61  heart disease, Alzheimer's disease (3), and neural tube defects (4).
62 a spectrum of birth malformations, including neural tube defects, a shortened and/or curly tail, no g
63 ouse mutant with multiple defects, including neural tube defects, abnormal dorsal-ventral patterning
64  nitrogen oxide exposure was associated with neural tube defects (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8, 95% conf
65  after conception in 1,223 case mothers with neural tube defect-affected pregnancies and 6,807 contro
66 us pathologies, including vascular diseases, neural tube defects, Alzheimer disease, and pregnancy co
67          Nevertheless, the high incidence of neural tube defects among North Indian women, who chroni
68                  The adjusted odds ratio for neural tube defects among those with the highest carbon
69 ously affected child and the occurrence of a neural tube defect and possibly other birth defects in t
70  Inadequate folate status is associated with neural tube defect and some cancers.
71          Pax3-deficient Splotch mice display neural tube defects and an array of neural crest related
72 tural pesticide use has been associated with neural tube defects and autism, but more subtle outcomes
73 methylation reactions, and increase risk for neural tube defects and cancer.
74 h increased risk for cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects and cognitive deficits.
75  similar to the testing/screening method for neural tube defects and common chromosomal anomalies dur
76          All compound homozygotes had severe neural tube defects and died earlier in embryogenesis th
77 pes with PCP mutants including open eyelids, neural tube defects and disrupted cochlear stereociliary
78        Association of folate deficiency with neural tube defects and impact of fortification programs
79  an essential nutrient, increase the risk of neural tube defects and lead to low performance on cogni
80 gene (Sufu) led to a phenotype that included neural tube defects and lethality at mid-gestation (9.0-
81 ucture and function and influencing risk for neural tube defects and lifelong memory function.
82 ive was to evaluate the associations between neural tube defects and maternal folic acid intake among
83 nd little evidence of an association between neural tube defects and maternal folic acid intake.
84 late homeostasis can reduce the incidence of neural tube defects and may decrease the risk of Alzheim
85 rtification of food is effective in reducing neural tube defects and may even reduce stroke-related m
86 s recently associated with increased risk of neural tube defects and might also contribute to increas
87                                              Neural tube defects and other developmental anomalies ar
88  abnormalities with or without microcephaly, neural tube defects and other early brain malformations,
89                   Folate deficiency leads to neural tube defects and other human diseases, and is a g
90 tic studies in other groups of patients with neural tube defects and other neurodevelopmental abnorma
91 ously reported positive associations between neural tube defects and periconceptional exposure to NSD
92  birth defects, including holoprosencephaly, neural tube defects and polydactyly, and in adults resul
93 lly lethal and recapitulates JBTS, including neural tube defects and polydactyly; however, the underl
94 arkers in the caudal spinal cord, as well as neural tube defects and preaxial polydactyly, consistent
95  during the periconception period to prevent neural tube defects and to ensure normal brain developme
96  of its beneficial role in the prevention of neural tube defects and yet possible deleterious effects
97 ere or had been pregnant with a fetus with a neural-tube defect and from 24 control women (20 with cu
98 r understanding certain birth defects (e.g., neural tube defects) and the long-term consequences of e
99 h defects that includes heart abnormalities, neural tube defects, and caudal dysgenesis syndromes.
100 re a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, and colon and breast cancer; low le
101 ates, have multiple malformations, including neural tube defects, and die due to failure of chorioall
102 disposition accounts for most of the risk of neural tube defects, and genes that regulate folate one-
103  is an established model of folate-sensitive neural tube defects, and homozygous mutant embryos devel
104 e characterized by late embryonic lethality, neural tube defects, and intrauterine growth retardation
105 ngl2 loss is embryonically lethal because of neural tube defects, and mutations in Vangl2 are associa
106  disease, retinal degeneration, polydactyly, neural tube defects, and obesity (ciliopathies).
107 ardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, neural tube defects, and osteoporosis.
108 2, which had been previously associated with neural tube defects, and vitamin B-12 status, as well as
109  during the periconceptional period prevents neural tube defects, animal data suggest that higher sup
110                         Approximately 30% of neural tube defects appear resistant to folic acid and r
111 blood levels of women who had a fetus with a neural tube defect are low for several micronutrients, p
112                                              Neural tube defects are among the most common congenital
113                                              Neural tube defects are among the most common major cong
114                                              Neural tube defects are common and serious human congeni
115                 Few genetic risk factors for neural tube defects are known in humans, highlighting th
116 pment is grossly normal in heterozygotes and neural tube defects are not seen.
117                                              Neural tube defects are serious birth defects of the bra
118                                              Neural tube defects are severe congenital malformations
119 embryos (whose phenotype is characterized by neural tube defects) as compared with Pax3(+/+) litterma
120 oth chick and mouse results in a spectrum of neural tube defects associated with neuroepithelial diso
121 lted in a high prevalence of severe anterior neural tube defect-associated congenital malformations.
122 se of folic acid supplements reduces risk of neural tube defects but a proportion of cases are not pr
123 ike talpid(3) chicken embryos, have face and neural tube defects but also defects in left/right asymm
124 y because of its proven effect in preventing neural tube defects, but the role of FA after the 12th g
125 primidone, may increase the risk not only of neural-tube defects, but also of cardiovascular defects,
126                                         This neural tube defect can be attributed to a lack of proper
127                                              Neural tube defects can be prevented by folic acid, alth
128                                 Up to 70% of neural tube defects can be prevented by the consumption
129                                         Many neural tube defects can be prevented if women take folic
130                                Prevention of neural-tube defects can be achieved with preconceptional
131 or B12 homeostasis have been associated with neural tube defects, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
132 y by E11 of Hif1a-/- embryos that manifested neural tube defects, cardiovascular malformations, and m
133 aternal periconceptional NSD use between 334 neural tube defect cases and 7,619 nonmalformed controls
134        Caudal regression syndrome is a rare, neural tube defect characterized by an abnormal developm
135 lation defects, axial patterning defects and neural tube defects complicating an assessment of the ro
136               Most that survived to term had neural tube defects consisting of both exencephaly and s
137 from women with a pregnancy complicated by a neural-tube defect contains autoantibodies that bind to
138  mouse mutant that exhibits a severe form of neural tube defect, craniorachischisis, in which almost
139 ciated with a variety of disorders including neural tube defects (during pregnancy) and heart disease
140  in development at mid-gestation and exhibit neural tube defects, enlargement of the pericardial sac
141  nitrosatable drugs may increase the risk of neural tube defects, especially in conjunction with a mo
142      Hectd1 mutant mouse embryos exhibit the neural tube defect exencephaly associated with abnormal
143 from Hungary initiated in 1984, incidence of neural tube defects for folic acid supplementation compa
144            Pax3 mutants develop muscular and neural tube defects; furthermore, Pax3 is essential for
145                                              Neural tube defects, harms of treatment (twinning, respi
146 was sufficient to prevent all folate-related neural tube defects has been hotly debated.
147 ular disease, stroke, cognitive decline, and neural tube defects have been completed or are underway.
148                                     Rates of neural tube defects have decreased since folic acid fort
149                              The presence of neural tube defects identifies a previously unsuspected
150                                    A cranial neural tube defect in Crooked tail (Cd) mice is prevente
151                            The timing of the neural tube defect in ski -/- embryos coincides with exc
152 fortification of flour for the prevention of neural tube defects in addition to the existing extensiv
153 -nitroso compounds have been associated with neural tube defects in animal models.
154 al folic acid supplements reduce the risk of neural tube defects in children, but it has not been det
155  apoptotic cells were also found at sites of neural tube defects in embryos carrying null mutation of
156                       This low penetrance of neural tube defects in embryos heterozygous for Hectd1 m
157  Hectd1 alleles cause incompletely penetrant neural tube defects in heterozygous animals, indicating
158     In contrast, we found a low incidence of neural tube defects in heterozygous Splotch mice that al
159 nd are associated with esophageal cancer and neural tube defects in humans.
160 en of childbearing age for the prevention of neural tube defects in infants.
161 orrhage; and vasculogenic, craniofacial, and neural tube defects in mice.
162 ycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3), produce neural tube defects in mouse embryos grown in vitro.
163 ant dam's drinking water on the incidence of neural tube defects in some genetic models.
164 nvironmental factors affect the incidence of neural tube defects in Splotch mice, these results estab
165 the first known gene to act as a modifier of neural tube defects in Splotch.
166 Rho kinase, during the development of severe neural tube defects in the mouse.
167 d containing supplements decreased recurrent neural tube defects in the offspring of women with a pre
168 sufficiency on the basis of elevated risk of neural tube defects in women 12-49 y old (e.g., RBC fola
169 g of folic acid daily can reduce the risk of neural-tube defects in areas with high rates of these de
170 tified with folic acid to reduce the risk of neural-tube defects in newborns.
171 g and tail morphogenesis, but did not induce neural tube defects, in zebrafish.
172 fold fusion during neurulation leads to open neural tube defects including spina bifida.
173           Failure of this process results in neural tube defects, including spina bifida and anenceph
174  use or dietary folate intake was related to neural tube defects, indicating that fortified food is p
175 with folic acid in reducing the incidence of neural tube defects is a major success story for public
176                  In this system, the rate of neural tube defects is about three times higher in embry
177 in attempts to ameliorate homocystinuria and neural tube defects is supplementation of the diet with
178 eatment-specific effects on the incidence of neural tube defects, left-right patterning defects and a
179 itionally been associated with prevention of neural tube defects; more recent work suggests that it m
180      Some relate to birth defects other than neural tube defects, neurological functions or varied as
181 y reduce their risk of having a child with a neural tube defect (NTD) by >50%.
182 ms produced offspring at a rate of 11.3% for neural tube defect (NTD) formation, whereas no embryos i
183  fortification and to estimate the effect on neural tube defect (NTD) occurrence.
184 in Cameron County, Texas, a surveillance and neural tube defect (NTD) recurrence prevention project f
185 ing behaviors were associated with increased neural tube defect (NTD) risk among offspring, using pop
186 mutants that exhibit the most severe form of neural tube defect (NTD), termed craniorachischisis.
187 mation and the most common form of syndromic neural tube defect (NTD).
188 increased risk for a pregnancy affected by a neural tube defect (NTD).
189  SWV mice strain, susceptible to VPA-induced neural tube defect (NTD).
190 ay be risk factors for having a child with a neural tube defect (NTD); however, the data are inconsis
191                                              Neural tube defects (NTD) are clinically important conge
192 ve been associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects (NTD), possibly due to a sustained s
193  a causal event in maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects (NTD).
194 uces a woman's risk for having a baby with a neural-tube defect (NTD), the effects of such supplement
195 udied the association of these patterns with neural tube defects (NTDs) and congenital heart defects
196 se-control study populations of infants with neural tube defects (NTDs) and nonmalformed controls del
197 mely effective in reducing the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs) and other congenital abnormal
198 Vangl genes encoding core PCP proteins cause neural tube defects (NTDs) and Vangl2 mutations also imp
199                                              Neural tube defects (NTDs) are birth defects that can be
200                                              Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common birth defects of c
201                                              Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common, severe congenital
202                                              Neural tube defects (NTDs) are prevalent human birth def
203             Previously, we demonstrated that neural tube defects (NTDs) are significantly increased i
204                                              Neural tube defects (NTDs) are some of the most common b
205                                              Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most severe congenita
206                                              Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common bi
207                                              Neural tube defects (NTDs) arise from a complex combinat
208      Folic acid prevents 70 percent of human neural tube defects (NTDs) but its mode of action is unc
209 lic acid is known to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) by as much as 70%.
210                              A proportion of neural tube defects (NTDs) can be prevented by maternal
211          Folic acid can prevent up to 70% of neural tube defects (NTDs) if taken before pregnancy.
212 lemental and dietary zinc intake and risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in a population-based case-co
213 abetes mellitus in early pregnancy can cause neural tube defects (NTDs) in embryos by perturbing prot
214 ke has been proposed to increase the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in human populations.
215 rhl2 loss results in fully penetrant cranial neural tube defects (NTDs) in mice.
216 ncreased FGR frequency and caused occasional neural tube defects (NTDs) in Mthfd1(gt/+) embryos.
217  ART has been reported to be associated with neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring.
218 sly showed that apoptosis is associated with neural tube defects (NTDs) in Pax-3-deficient Splotch (S
219  resulting from homozygous matings uncovered neural tube defects (NTDs) in some animals and axial ske
220 folic acid substantially reduces the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the offspring.
221            Mouse models of folate-responsive neural tube defects (NTDs) indicate that impaired de nov
222                                      Risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) is determined by genetic and
223                                  The risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) is significantly reduced by s
224                 Genetic correlation of human neural tube defects (NTDs) with NTD genes identified in
225                                              Neural tube defects (NTDs), a common birth defect in hum
226 ess is susceptible to disruption, leading to neural tube defects (NTDs), a common birth defect.
227 supplementation can reduce the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs), although just how folates be
228  supplementation prevents up to 70% of human neural tube defects (NTDs), although the precise cellula
229          Congenital malformations, including neural tube defects (NTDs), are significantly increased
230 on prevents the occurrence and recurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs), but the causal metabolic pat
231 ortant role in determining susceptibility to neural tube defects (NTDs), for example between differen
232 array of congenital malformations, including neural tube defects (NTDs), in humans.
233                                              Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and a
234 he risk in infants of birth defects, such as neural tube defects (NTDs), known as diabetic embryopath
235 ation reduces the occurrence and severity of neural tube defects (NTDs), many cases are resistant to
236  canonical WNT signaling, and are a model of neural tube defects (NTDs), preventable with dietary fol
237 letion-induced autophagy deficiency leads to neural tube defects (NTDs), similar to those in diabetic
238  effect of folate against the development of neural tube defects (NTDs), specifically, anencephaly an
239                                              Neural tube defects (NTDs), such as spina bifida, are co
240 al ventricles, which is seen in fetuses with neural tube defects (NTDs), was present on review of MR
241 id supplementation can prevent many cases of neural tube defects (NTDs), whereas suboptimal maternal
242 vere anomalies of the nervous system, called neural tube defects (NTDs), which are among the most com
243 Folate supplementation prevents up to 70% of neural tube defects (NTDs), which result from a failure
244 mouse mutant causes congenital cataracts and neural tube defects (NTDs), with the NTDs being caused b
245 tion in humans that is often synonymous with neural tube defects (NTDs).
246 ceptional intake of folic acid prevents some neural tube defects (NTDs).
247 nancy dramatically reduces the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs).
248 lic acid supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs).
249 or the prevention of the first occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs).
250  of Mexican descent have high occurrences of neural tube defects (NTDs).
251 folic acid, a B vitamin, reduces the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs).
252 ly pregnancy causes birth defects, including neural tube defects (NTDs).
253    High glucose in vivo and in vitro induces neural tube defects (NTDs).
254    PCP signaling gene mutations cause severe neural tube defects (NTDs).
255 pase activation, and apoptosis, resulting in neural tube defects (NTDs).
256 to diabetes and obesity as a risk factor for neural tube defects (NTDs).
257 suboptimal RBC folate for protection against neural tube defects (NTDs); among nonconsumers of folic
258 s have also been identified in patients with neural tube defects (NTDs); however, the relationship be
259               Folic acid is known to prevent neural-tube defects (NTDs) but the size of the effect fo
260 within 3 km of a landfill site was found for neural-tube defects (odds ratio 1.86 [1.24-2.79]), malfo
261 nd elective termination on the prevalence of neural tube defects, oral clefts, abdominal wall defects
262  responsible for several diseases, including neural tube defects, polycystic kidney disease, retinal
263  been implicated in adverse outcomes such as neural tube defects, preeclampsia, spontaneous abortion,
264 including some evidence that a proportion of neural tube defect pregnancies may be the result of vita
265 n in the primary prevention or recurrence of neural tube defect pregnancies, as was the case with fol
266 o an increased intake of folic acid for each neural tube defect pregnancy that is prevented.
267 bserved in other common disorders, including neural tube defects, pregnancy complications, and Alzhei
268  death, pneumonia, congenital heart disease, neural tube defects, preterm birth and low birth weight,
269 tus and have resulted in a major decrease in neural tube defect prevalence.
270 yos, consistent with a proposed mechanism of neural tube defect prevention through stimulation of cel
271  perturbed choline metabolism contributes to neural tube defects produced by DMAE and ET-18-OCH3.
272 e large number of mouse genes known to cause neural tube defects provide a starting point for identif
273  without the potential for childbearing, and neural tube defect recurrence; and studies conducted in
274  autoantibodies against folate receptors and neural-tube defects reflects a causal relation.
275 NGL2 are found to cause Robinow syndrome and neural tube defects, respectively, our results further s
276                                   The spinal neural tube defect results from a different mechanism: i
277                          Further analysis of neural tube defects revealed the absence of lateral floo
278                                              Neural tube defect risk was associated with maternal per
279 ontroversial, but studies of mouse models of neural tube defects show that anencephaly, open spina bi
280 urthermore, because folate deficiency causes neural tube defects, some birth defects unexplained by o
281 ing in a phenotype similar to the human open neural tube defect spina bifida.
282 ice cause recessive embryonic lethality with neural-tube defects, suggesting a species difference in
283 ans to prevent a greater proportion of human neural tube defects than can be achieved by folic acid a
284 hese findings, Ski-/- mice display a cranial neural tube defect that results in exencephaly and a mar
285          The reduced PKA activity results in neural tube defects that are specifically localized post
286 s that carry null mutations in Pax-3 develop neural tube defects that resemble the malformations that
287 ew of the severe congenital malformations - 'neural tube defects' - that result when closure fails.
288  1995 in an area of China with high rates of neural-tube defects (the northern region) and one with l
289  between FGFR-1-mediated signal pathways and neural tube defects, the most common malformations in th
290 e principal change involving a switch from a neural tube defect to midline facial clefting.
291 on folic acid supplementation for preventing neural tube defects to inform the US Preventive Services
292 tal abnormalities in the fetus, ranging from neural tube defects to neurocristopathies such as cleft-
293 e 20 individual malformation categories, eg, neural tube defects, transposition of great vessels, ven
294 food with folic acid to reduce the number of neural tube defects was introduced 10 y ago in North Ame
295                         Furthermore, risk of neural tube defects was related to high color (adjusted
296  of the role of folate in protecting against neural tube defects, we propose that NAT1 is a candidate
297 use model that exhibits folic acid-resistant neural tube defects, we tested the effect of specific co
298                                     However, neural tube defects were detected in HAI2-deficient mice
299 ho did not take any folic acid, the rates of neural-tube defects were 4.8 per 1000 pregnancies of at
300                We observed increased odds of neural tube defects when comparing the highest with the

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