ライフサイエンスコーパス: nitrogen fixation

1 precise genetic requirements for alternative nitrogen fixation.

2 -1 carried the genes for carbon fixation and nitrogen fixation.

3 ia or the nitrogenase enzyme responsible for nitrogen fixation.

4 ent infection, terminal differentiation, and nitrogen fixation.

5 ellular environment and gain the ability for nitrogen fixation.

6 ucing soil erosion, and enhancing carbon and nitrogen fixation.

7 tations in HetR render Anabaena incapable of nitrogen fixation.

8 estion and have been shown to play a role in nitrogen fixation.

9 ots and root nodules of M. truncatula during nitrogen fixation.

10 in the processes of both photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation.

11 ened for defects in nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

12 ucturally specialized to enable O2-sensitive nitrogen fixation.

13 utative defects in nodule development and/or nitrogen fixation.

14 ines were confirmed with defective symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

15 ges to identify miRNAs involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

16 s coding for lignocellulosic degradation and nitrogen fixation.

17 nesis, bacterial infection, and the onset of nitrogen fixation.

18 ted symbiosomes are structured for efficient nitrogen fixation.

19 ontributed to the evolution of endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation.

20 e genome, to achieve its function related to nitrogen fixation.

21 cterial viability while permitting effective nitrogen fixation.

22 ces dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia in biological nitrogen fixation.

23 cludes most species capable of endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation.

24 roaerophilic conditions that support optimum nitrogen fixation.

25 gene encoding glutamate dehydrogenase during nitrogen fixation.

26 phosphorylation, carbon dioxide fixation and nitrogen fixation.

27 which encodes a key regulator necessary for nitrogen fixation.

28 xidant defenses that are critical to support nitrogen fixation.

29 ein2b double mutant showing severely reduced nitrogen fixation.

30 of such an organization on the regulation of nitrogen fixation.

31 bacteroids, the active form that carries out nitrogen fixation.

32 cterial differentiation that is required for nitrogen fixation.

33 chea, is the major contributor to biological nitrogen fixation.

34 e legume roots for the purpose of biological nitrogen fixation.

35 the symbiosis, forming nodules incapable of nitrogen fixation.

36 decreased total nodule number and defects in nitrogen fixation.

37 urrent upper temperature limit of biological nitrogen fixation.

38 es, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen fixation.

39 ophic growth or for ammonia synthesis during nitrogen fixation.

40 dependent mutant lines that are defective in nitrogen fixation.

41 under conditions that are inappropriate for nitrogen fixation.

42 is of the roles of GlnD in the regulation of nitrogen fixation.

43 oth vertical descent and lateral transfer of nitrogen fixation.

44 ion by NifL under conditions appropriate for nitrogen fixation.

45 within the community not including symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

46 evolution may play a key role in biological nitrogen fixation.

47 tion of dinitrogen to ammonium in biological nitrogen fixation.

48 ct effect resulting from abolished symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

49 n to ammonium (DNRA) or source pathways like nitrogen fixation.

50 ignal motile rhizobia required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

51 and nitrogen metabolism under conditions of nitrogen fixation.

52 -2/NCR169 deletion mutant restored symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

53 odulation genes, and improved nodulation and nitrogen fixation.

54 r of nitrogenase, is essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

55 e genes, which leads to nodule formation and nitrogen fixation.

56 nd plants that leads to nodule formation and nitrogen fixation.

57 as Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142, are capable of nitrogen fixation, a highly oxygen-sensitive process, by

58 trogenase is responsible for most biological nitrogen fixation, a prokaryotic metabolic process that

59 growth and yield diminished, but also (iii) nitrogen fixation--a major ecosystem service of legumino

60 of fixed nitrogen rather than a reduction in nitrogen fixation activity remains to be established.

61 ough there was no corresponding reduction in nitrogen fixation activity.

62 n roots, containing few bacteria and lacking nitrogen fixation activity.

63 Knowing this, we investigated if nitrogen-fixation activity could be detected in microcos

64 none of the plasmids could support symbiotic nitrogen fixation, although they can transport dicarboxy

65 fferences in the patterns of respiration and nitrogen fixation among the Cyanothece spp. strains that

66 Biological nitrogen fixation, an essential process of the biogeoche

67 the ocean to meet their requirements through nitrogen fixation, an idea supported by recent modelling

68 ranscription of genes required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, anaerobic and microaerobic respiratio

69 final class that supports low levels of both nitrogen fixation and bacterial nifH expression.

70 al biofilms--in the challenges of cancer, in nitrogen fixation and chelation, in the production of an

71 sis, induction of root nodules and symbiotic nitrogen fixation and denitrification.

72 nition that the Mesoproterozoic evolution of nitrogen fixation and eukaryotic life may have been prom

73 results in irreversible, large increases in nitrogen fixation and growth rates, even after being mov

74 processes including carbon dioxide fixation, nitrogen fixation and hydrogen metabolism.

75 the ability to perform high rates of aerobic nitrogen fixation and hydrogen production appears to be

76 has been shown to perform efficient aerobic nitrogen fixation and hydrogen production.

77 fic coupling in these clusters necessary for nitrogen fixation and implies an evolutionary connection

78 rspective provides an overview of biological nitrogen fixation and introduces three contributions to

79 lasses: one class that supports little to no nitrogen fixation and minimal bacterial expression of ni

80 sion of nifH; another class that supports no nitrogen fixation and minimal bacterial expression of no

81 urther demonstrated that nodule development, nitrogen fixation and nodule metabolism were negatively

82 Prokaryotes involved in nitrogen fixation and other nitrogen transformations are

83 ption of genes encoding proteins involved in nitrogen fixation and oxidative stress.

84 The filaments can achieve simultaneous nitrogen fixation and oxygenic photosynthesis by coopera

85 ate microbial-dependent soil processes, like nitrogen fixation and pest attack of root crops.

86 trations of iron metalloproteins involved in nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis, as well as nocturn

87 ells and a substantial decrease in symbiotic nitrogen fixation and plant growth.

88 ing genes responsible for key traits such as nitrogen fixation and seed quality.

89 .2 billion years on the origin of biological nitrogen fixation and suggest that molybdenum was bioava

90 The presence of genes for nitrogen fixation and the biosynthesis of amino acids an

91 ell as the link of S-metabolism to symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the effect of nodules on whole-pla

92 ic hypotheses for biological (and synthetic) nitrogen fixation and to the rational design of improved

93 ng cyanobacterial ancestor, repeated loss of nitrogen fixation and vertical descent, with little hori

94 oxygenic photosynthesis, often together with nitrogen fixation and, thus, are major primary producers

95 ly in the expression of nifH - essential for nitrogen fixation - and could be visualised using marker

96 the aa(3)-type cytochrome oxidase, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and anoxic nitrate respiration.

97 , including known factors for nodulation and nitrogen fixation, and candidates with previously unexpl

98 dium nitrogen fixation (vnf) and alternative nitrogen fixation (anf) genes, respectively.

99 on-starvation involve down-regulation of the nitrogen fixation apparatus.

100 -standing puzzle(2) is that trees capable of nitrogen fixation are abundant in nitrogen-rich tropical

101 demonstrate that cyanobacteria abundance and nitrogen fixation are correlated with hypoxia occurring

102 f synthetic chemicals compromising symbiotic nitrogen fixation are increased dependence on synthetic

103 the biological reduction of N(2) to ammonia (nitrogen fixation) as well as the reduction of a number

104 t of this work is that it indicates that the nitrogen fixation-associated ClpX must recruit ClpP, for

105 ukaryotes are an integral part of biological nitrogen fixation at a global scale.

106 photosynthesis during the day and microoxic nitrogen fixation at night.

107 processes: photosynthesis during the day and nitrogen fixation at night.

108 m Trichodesmium showing increased growth and nitrogen fixation at projected future high CO2 levels su

109 Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the largest natural source of

110 (ETSP), may support high rates of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), yet little is known about the N

111 inputs through the enhancement of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF).

112 alustris have multiple enzymatic options for nitrogen fixation, but in contrast to reports on other n

113 Nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria supplies critical bio

114 Nitrogen fixation by diazotrophic cyanobacteria is a cri

115 mber of genes considered to be essential for nitrogen fixation by FeFe nitrogenase, including nifM, v

116 spectrometry we directly imaged and measured nitrogen fixation by individual bacteria within eukaryot

117 Optimization of nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in legumes is a key area o

118 Nitrogen fixation by the free-living organism Azotobacte

119 text of modeling intermediates in biological nitrogen fixation by the nitrogenase enzymes and the ind

120 If nitrogen fixation by UCYN-A is not stimulated by elevate

121 rain PCC 7120 produces specialized cells for nitrogen fixation called heterocysts.

122 ed light harvesting, oxygen respiration, and nitrogen fixation capabilities, as well as anaerobic fer

123 omplexes might facilitate the development of nitrogen fixation catalysts.

124 Biological nitrogen fixation constitutes the main input of fixed ni

125 Two proteins involved in nitrogen fixation contain ferredoxin-type [4Fe4S] cluste

126 No genes for nitrogen fixation could be identified, but genes for a m

127 This increase in the temperature limit of nitrogen fixation could reveal a broader range of condit

128 These mutants do not suppress the nitrogen fixation defect.

129 Efficient biological nitrogen fixation depends on metabolites produced by and

130 ombined nutrient supply mechanisms including nitrogen fixation, diffusive transport and vertical entr

131 ayed and reduced nodulation but effective in nitrogen fixation (dNod+/- Fix+), and 11 supernodulating

132 st (plant growth per gram nodule growth) and nitrogen fixation efficiency (H(2) production by nitroge

133 c interactions can lead to wide variation in nitrogen fixation efficiency, and it is not uncommon tha

134 a direct result of changes in nodulation or nitrogen fixation efficiency.

135 The soybean-B. elkanii symbiosis has a low nitrogen-fixation efficiency, but B. elkanii strains are

136 tinct from that in Cyanobacteria, suggesting nitrogen fixation evolved separately in the two lineages

137 he subset of plants that carry out symbiotic nitrogen fixation expresses hemoglobins that scavenge an

138 Here we reveal that symbiotic nitrogen fixation facilitates the cultivation of special

139 ur, and complex carbon oxidation, carbon and nitrogen fixation, fermentation, hydrogen metabolism, an

140 e formation of infected nodules defective in nitrogen fixation (Fix(-)).

141 Given the importance of nitrogen fixation for legume growth, we evaluated the im

142 erimental P and ammonium enrichment promoted nitrogen fixation gene (nifH) expression in Anabaena.

143 tified novel regulatory cascades controlling nitrogen-fixation gene expression in Geobacter sulfurred

144 own in other nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, nitrogen-fixation gene regulation in G. sulfurreducens i

145 This study provides a new paradigm for nitrogen-fixation gene regulation.

146 Phylogenies constructed on nitrogen fixation genes are not in agreement with the tr

147 regulatory protein controls transcription of nitrogen fixation genes in Azotobacter vinelandii by mod

148 that a cascade of the Sinorhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation genes is induced as the concentration

149 We demonstrate that rearrangements of nitrogen fixation genes take place normally in the devH

150 Furthermore, a subset of nitrogen fixation genes was moderately induced during ch

151 lycoside hydrolases attacking celluloses and nitrogen fixation genes were overrepresented in N. corni

152 zobium isolates, lacking both nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes, to have their genomes sequenced

153 t activates transcription of the majority of nitrogen-fixation genes and represses a gene encoding gl

154 was adapted to the microxic environment and nitrogen-fixation genes were expressed.

155 ermination the expression of a subset of the nitrogen-fixation genes whose transcription is activated

156 Biological nitrogen fixation has been investigated beginning with t

157 at led to the gain of symbiotic actinorhizal nitrogen fixation have never been investigated.

158 e in the global N cycle, rates of biological nitrogen fixation have proven difficult to quantify.

159 s differentiate into anaerobic factories for nitrogen fixation (heterocysts), requires the transport

160 Nitrogen fixation, however, is thought to be a negligibl

161 n A. brasilense prevails under conditions of nitrogen fixation, illustrating a strategy by which cell

162 he isotopic mass balance between nitrate and nitrogen fixation implies a 17 to 27 per cent increase i

163 to improve nodule development and biological nitrogen fixation in acid-stressed soils.

164 upper temperature limit (72.7 degrees C) for nitrogen fixation in alkaline, terrestrial hydrothermal

165 kinase domain are responsible for regulating nitrogen fixation in an oxygen-dependent manner.

166 nfer a streamlined genome expression towards nitrogen fixation in both UCYN-A lineages.

167 Heterocysts, cells specialized for nitrogen fixation in certain filamentous cyanobacteria,

168 the miR172-mediated improvement of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in common bean, the most important gra

169 No significant change was observed in nitrogen fixation in either the High CO2 or Greenhouse t

170 egulate infection, nodule organogenesis, and nitrogen fixation in L. japonicus.

171 is an essential micronutrient for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume nodules, where it is require

172 The symbiosis responsible for nitrogen fixation in legume root nodules is initiated by

173 Biological nitrogen fixation in legumes occurs in nodules that are

174 Nitrogen fixation in legumes requires the development of

175 y been recognized for their contributions to nitrogen fixation in marine environments, a function pre

176 ystems, using the open problem of biological nitrogen fixation in nitrogenase as an example.

177 e for cytokinin in regulating nodulation and nitrogen fixation in response to nitrate as ckx3 phenoty

178 e expression of genes required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in response to oxygen concentration vi

179 with the conspicuous capacity for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules, specialized plant org

180 f molecular tools for genetic improvement of nitrogen fixation in soybeans.

181 y constrain hypotheses regarding Fe-mediated nitrogen fixation in synthetic and biological systems.

182 ia in legumes account for a large portion of nitrogen fixation in the biosphere.

183 Nitrogen fixation in the legume-rhizobium symbiosis is a

184 e describe the trafficking of molybdenum for nitrogen fixation in the model diazotrophic bacterium Az

185 ium UCYN-A, one of the major contributors to nitrogen fixation in the open ocean, lives in symbiosis

186 able heterocysts but is Fox(-), incapable of nitrogen fixation in the presence of oxygen.

187 ) and might have played an important role in nitrogen fixation in the primitive upper terrestrial atm

188 The majority of genes required for nitrogen fixation in this organism are encoded in the ni

189 Establishment of symbiotic nitrogen-fixation in legumes is regulated by the plant h

190 sis, root nodules are the sites of bacterial nitrogen fixation, in which atmospheric nitrogen is conv

191 2, dnf3, dnf4, dnf6, and dnf7) defective for nitrogen fixation induce the above genes.

192 en chemical cycle for group 6 metal-mediated nitrogen fixation into a thermally promoted process with

193 ds as a major barrier to engineer biological nitrogen fixation into cereal crops by direct nif gene t

194 Nitrogen fixation is an energy-demanding process requiri

195 Most of the biological nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by the molybdenum nitroge

196 We conclude that oceanic nitrogen fixation is closely tied to the generation of n

197 The ability of hrrP to suppress nitrogen fixation is conditioned upon the genotypes of b

198 Nitrogen fixation is crucial for maintaining biological

199 riability, the global distribution of marine nitrogen fixation is difficult to determine from direct

200 In nature, nitrogen fixation is one of the most important life proc

201 We find that the recent increase in nitrogen fixation is the continuation of a much larger,

202 Fe-mediated biological nitrogen fixation is thought to proceed via either a seq

203 the enzyme system responsible for biological nitrogen fixation, is believed to utilize two unique met

204 spite the essential importance of biological nitrogen fixation, it has been impossible to quantify th

205 zes were rare, but the plant characteristics nitrogen fixation, life cycle (annual or perennial), and

206 These experiments show that nitrogen fixation may play an important role in naphthal

207 n additional cellular processes that include nitrogen fixation, metabolism, and metal transport.

208 between P-deficiency and factors related to nitrogen fixation/metabolism.

209 Transcripts associated with nitrogen fixation, methanogenesis and dissimilatory sulf

210 endent records suggests that the increase in nitrogen fixation might be linked to Northern Hemisphere

211 c processes and therefore suggest biological nitrogen fixation, most probably using molybdenum-based

212 F, exoY, bacA, and nifH) in the defective in nitrogen fixation mutants.

213 odularity of a refactored Klebsiella oxytoca nitrogen fixation (nif) gene cluster (16 genes, 103 part

214 fixation in this organism are encoded in the nitrogen fixation (nif) gene clusters, whereas genes spe

215 marine bacterial metagenomes, we noted that nitrogen fixation (nif) genes were conspicuous by their

216 been replaced by an epsilon-proteobacterial nitrogen fixation (NIF) system consisting of two compone

217 atmosphere, requiring a biologic cycle with nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification.

218 ion, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen-leaching losses, gross nitro

219 fective in nodule emergence, elongation, and nitrogen fixation (Nod+/- Fix-), one mutant with delayed

220 Symbiotic nitrogen fixation occurs in nodules, specialized organs

221 oot nodules where the majority of biological nitrogen fixation occurs.

222 ence a limiting stoichiometry for biological nitrogen fixation of eight electrons/protons, and provid

223 dicates the potential to estimate biological nitrogen fixation of legume symbioses not only in labora

224 he temporal separation of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation on global gene regulation and cellular

225 n amounts are not significantly regulated by nitrogen fixation or leaf ureide content.

226 Summary Post-translational regulation of nitrogen fixation, or switch-off, in the methanogenic ar

227 ous findings and the potential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, our results strongly support the hypo

228 Results indicate the genetic capacity for nitrogen fixation over the entire range of temperatures

229 tion implies a 17 to 27 per cent increase in nitrogen fixation over this time period.

230 cluster from Klebsiella oxytoca encoding the nitrogen fixation pathway for converting atmospheric N(2

231 This approach is applied to a 16-gene nitrogen fixation pathway, which is broken into pools co

232 dels the final steps of proposed Fe-mediated nitrogen fixation pathways.

233 e accompanied by irreversible shifts in diel nitrogen fixation patterns, and increased activity of a

234 o higher nitrogen fixation per plant even if nitrogen fixation per nodule mass was similar to that in

235 nodulation and, as a consequence, to higher nitrogen fixation per plant even if nitrogen fixation pe

236 Although the underlying principles of nitrogen fixation predict unicellular nitrogen-fixing cy

237 (3), given that the physiological cost(4) of nitrogen fixation predicts the opposite pattern: fixers

238 Many aspects of the nitrogen fixation process by photochemistry in the Titan

239 olites are presented and correlated with the nitrogen fixation process.

240 cific role of (Nif)IscA in the maturation of nitrogen fixation proteins are currently unknown.

241 Our results indicate that nitrogen fixation rates are highest in the Pacific Ocean

242 l effect was positively associated with high nitrogen fixation rates in roots.

243 Here we determine nitrogen fixation rates in the world's oceans through th

244 n nitrogen content, biomass accumulation and nitrogen fixation rates in wheat roots.

245 The factors that control the growth and nitrogen fixation rates of marine diazotrophs such as Tr

246 Nitrogen fixation rates of the globally distributed, bio

247 imilation, increased root exudates to supply nitrogen fixation, reduced dark respiration, and improve

248 aralogue is not duplicated within any of the nitrogen fixation regions of the genome, to achieve its

249 It is involved in nitrogen fixation-related copper homeostasis and targets

250 ins the largest intact contiguous cluster of nitrogen fixation-related genes.

251 or replace damaged proteins (in the case of nitrogen fixation) remains to be determined.

252 llenging aspect of nodule physiology is that nitrogen fixation requires the cycling of amino acids be

253 A main goal of biological nitrogen fixation research has been to expand the nitrog

254 ygen sensing, in diverse processes including nitrogen fixation, respiration and photosynthesis.

255 e 51142 performs oxygenic photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, separating these two incompatible pro

256 Iron is critical for symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) as a key component of multiple f

257 Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) occurs in specialized organs cal

258 Evidence is presented to suggest that a nitrogen fixation-specific paralogue of ClpX is used to

259 functions, one of which is activation of the nitrogen fixation-specific regulatory protein NifA.

260 itrification zones, supporting the view that nitrogen fixation stabilizes the oceanic inventory of fi

261 Nitrogen-fixation-subunit-U (NFU)-type proteins have bee

262 nd mechanism, hypothetically the products of nitrogen fixation supplied by heterocysts, must also pla

263 d that cross-talk occurs between the various nitrogen fixation systems, and that expression and fine-

264 t a late evolutionary leap in cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation terminated a long history of nitrogen-

265 y to support higher Crocosphaera biomass and nitrogen fixation than if they did not have this reduced

266 mplete a highly efficient chemical cycle for nitrogen fixation that is mediated by a set of well-char

267 Nitrogen fixation - the reduction of dinitrogen (N2) gas

268 karyotes and eukaryotes as follows: the NIF (nitrogen fixation), the ISC (iron-sulfur cluster), and t

269 Biological nitrogen fixation, the conversion of atmospheric N2 to N

270 Biological nitrogen fixation, the conversion of atmospheric nitroge

271 During the process of biological nitrogen fixation, the enzyme nitrogenase catalyzes the

272 strategies to study the prokaryotic trait of nitrogen fixation, the enzyme-catalyzed reduction of N(2

273 teria and develop a new organ specialized in nitrogen fixation: the nodule.

274 though for some cellular activities, such as nitrogen fixation, there is a full complement of genes i

275 They conduct symbiotic nitrogen fixation through endosymbiotic relationships wi

276 es a microoxic intracellular environment for nitrogen fixation through the differentiation of semireg

277 enzymes involved in both photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation to determine how Trichodesmium allocat

278 ld-type MtNramp1 in mutant nodules increased nitrogen fixation to normal levels.

279 allowing oxygen-sensitive processes such as nitrogen fixation to occur in cyanobacterial cells.

280 ofactors in biological pathways ranging from nitrogen fixation to respiration.

281 ay account for the difference in response of nitrogen fixation under elevated CO2 to that reported pr

282 tes that some diazotroph groups may increase nitrogen fixation under elevated pCO2 .

283 process, by separating oxygen evolution from nitrogen fixation using a day-night cycle.

284 The subsurface organism has the capacity for nitrogen fixation using a nitrogenase distinct from that

285 The genome encodes genes for photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, utilization of xenobiotic organic sub

286 ndent diazotophy are encoded by the vanadium nitrogen fixation (vnf) and alternative nitrogen fixatio

287 Biological nitrogen fixation was estimated through (15)N isotope di

288 ter stages of nodule development when active nitrogen fixation was occurring.

289 gnitude greater than anammox and DNRA, while nitrogen fixation was undetectable.

290 assimilation and are required for effective nitrogen fixation, we tested the relationship of sugars

291 n mutants exhibited wild-type nodulation and nitrogen fixation when they were inoculated onto Medicag

292 understanding of the factors that influence nitrogen fixation, which may include iron, nitrogen-to-p

293 inherent capacity for symbiotic atmospheric nitrogen fixation, which provides economically sustainab

294 onents is a common feature used to integrate nitrogen fixation with global cellular physiology.

295 for their ability to carry out endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobial bacteria, a process tha

296 ether this enzyme was required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation with soybean (Glycine max cv. Williams

297 unexpected role for ethylene in the onset of nitrogen fixation, with the Ljein2a Ljein2b double mutan

298 strain CJ2 revealed several genes conferring nitrogen fixation within a 65.6 kb region of strain CJ2'

299 incompatible processes of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation within the same cell, unicellular nitr

300 proposed as intermediates of (bio)catalytic nitrogen fixation, yet experimental evidence to support