ライフサイエンスコーパス: nonsynonymous substitution

1 also positively correlated with the rate of nonsynonymous substitution.

2 ic evolutionary effects dominate patterns of nonsynonymous substitution.

3 egime, leading to differences in the rate of nonsynonymous substitution.

4 e sequences and those with elevated rates of nonsynonymous substitution.

5 s that differ from the reference by multiple nonsynonymous substitutions.

6 relative to overall number of synonymous or nonsynonymous substitutions.

7 t lineage, for both conservative and radical nonsynonymous substitutions.

8 n of effective population size, at least for nonsynonymous substitutions.

9 hat are the direct consequences of extensive nonsynonymous substitutions.

10 e find evidence for dips in diversity around nonsynonymous substitutions.

11 ly 20% at the nucleotide level, including 38 nonsynonymous substitutions.

12 ared to free-living bacteria, especially for nonsynonymous substitutions.

13 HPV18 genomes had an increased proportion of nonsynonymous substitutions (4.93%; average d(N)/d(S) ra

14 These mutations included 7 nonsynonymous substitutions, 4 insertions, and 1 deletio

15 s such as a Red Queen race drive the rate of nonsynonymous substitution above the neutral mutation ra

16 OI molecular clock calibrations suggest that nonsynonymous substitutions accumulate 2-50 times faster

17 ) ratios from multiple methods indicate that nonsynonymous substitutions accumulated during divergenc

18 , we measured the per-genome accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions across diverse pairs of popu

19 lting in protein truncation or, rarely, were nonsynonymous substitutions affecting the extracellular

20 The low prevalence of nonsynonymous substitutions among yellow haplotypes sugg

21 quence reveals several thousand undocumented nonsynonymous substitution and frame shift discrepancies

22 an outgroup, showed slightly higher rates of nonsynonymous substitution and slightly lower rates of s

23 fasciculata retain a bias of synonymous over nonsynonymous substitutions and deduced protein sequence

24 the local density of coding sites as well as nonsynonymous substitutions and positively correlated wi

25 The ratio of synonymous to nonsynonymous substitutions and the high codon bias sugg

26 new genes are shorter, have a higher rate of nonsynonymous substitution, and have a markedly lower GC

27 The rates of synonymous substitution, nonsynonymous substitution, and nucleotide content were

28 nnot explain the excess of tandem synonymous-nonsynonymous substitutions, and substitution patterns i

29 hypotheses that the rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution are equal, that the absolute

30 robabilities of occurrence of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions are approximated by s(S) / (

31 However, X-linked nonsynonymous substitutions are approximately 30% more f

32 stributed throughout the ompL1 gene, whereas nonsynonymous substitutions are clustered in four variab

33 urthermore, we have discovered that in CBSV, nonsynonymous substitutions are more predominant than sy

34 was identical to ssa-3 at codon 94 but had a nonsynonymous substitution at codon 28 that changed the

35 parisons, the male-specific exon accumulated nonsynonymous substitutions at a much more rapid rate th

36 Nonsynonymous substitutions at all P1/capsid sites, incl

37 d) for comparing the rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions at each codon site in a prot

38 Here, we study pairs of successive nonsynonymous substitutions at one codon in the course o

39 ind that this correlation is significant for nonsynonymous substitutions at the 1% level and for syno

40 found a transmembrane-skewed distribution of nonsynonymous substitutions between the two species, thr

41 We detected strong correlations of dN (nonsynonymous substitutions) but not dS (synonymous subs

42 Nonsynonymous substitutions by themselves, in this subse

43 on and unusually low ratios of synonymous to nonsynonymous substitutions compared to ratios for the s

44 First, we demonstrate an elevated rate of nonsynonymous substitutions compared to synonymous subst

45 were single-copy genes that each contained 2 nonsynonymous substitutions consistent with an autosomal

46 s a negative correlation between the rate of nonsynonymous substitutions (d(N)) and codon bias in D.

47 iously uncharacterized gene Lasc1, bearing a nonsynonymous substitution (D102E).

48 les, one transcript demonstrated significant nonsynonymous substitutions, deletions, and insertions.

49 Several tests reveal that the pattern of nonsynonymous substitutions departs significantly from n

50 of synonymous substitutions (dS values) and nonsynonymous substitutions (dN values) in the two speci

51 This model estimates the number of nonsynonymous substitutions (dN) and synonymous substitu

52 dN/dS > 1.0) and an elevated rate of radical nonsynonymous substitution (dR) contributing to the rapi

53 The rate of both synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions, especially in the portion o

54 he genes reveal hypervariable segments where nonsynonymous substitutions exceed synonymous substituti

55 also had significantly higher synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution frequencies compared to the g

56 Rates and patterns of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions have important implications

57 pping of one these mutants revealed an R240C nonsynonymous substitution in the activation loop of a r

58 om sexual contacts differed by only a single nonsynonymous substitution in the porin gene, and in bot

59 dN in Blochmannia indicates faster rates of nonsynonymous substitution in this group.

60 We identified 8 nonsynonymous substitutions in 20 patients from 15 famil

61 reproducible A-to-G(I) edits that result in nonsynonymous substitutions in all three lymphoblastoid

62 (ORFs) for all viral proteins and lacks any nonsynonymous substitutions in amino acid motifs that ar

63 Because accelerated rates of nonsynonymous substitutions in anthropoids such as obser

64 Finally, we note a striking excess of nonsynonymous substitutions in comparisons between isola

65 Nonsynonymous substitutions in DNA cause amino acid subs

66 We found an excess of derived nonsynonymous substitutions in domestic pigs, most likel

67 When adjusted for nonsynonymous substitutions in F5 and FGA loci known to

68 Bursts of nonsynonymous substitutions in HIV-1 evolution cannot be

69 rary, some datasets show significantly fewer nonsynonymous substitutions in humans than in chimpanzee

70 Remarkably, in some comparisons nonsynonymous substitutions in lysin and 18-kDa genes ex

71 e shown that the disease is caused by single nonsynonymous substitutions in NOD-2, a member of the NO

72 The rate of nonsynonymous substitutions in Pem was higher than that

73 ith relatively modest elevations in rates of nonsynonymous substitutions in Plantago mt genes, indica

74 A total of 443 genes have at least 10 nonsynonymous substitutions in protein-coding regions, w

75 The pattern of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in PS1 suggests that the gen

76 e common domain, whereas the accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions in the female-specific exon

77 We estimated the rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in the hsp82 heat shock gene

78 In addition, nonsynonymous substitutions in the Kunitz domains tended

79 Overall, the accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions in the male-specific exon oc

80 ants and one novel variant, representing all nonsynonymous substitutions in the mature protein, were

81 f the nonsynonymous mutations and 14% of the nonsynonymous substitutions in the mitochondrial protein

82 ng hybrid genes; accelerated accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions in the Sia-recognition domai

83 he vpr reading frame, by limiting acceptable nonsynonymous substitutions in the tat reading frame, ev

84 Analysis of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in these regions showed that

85 ariable region 1 (HVR1) genetic distance and nonsynonymous substitutions increased after OLT, whereas

86 Comparison of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions indicates that natural selec

87 This concentration of the rate increase in nonsynonymous substitutions is expected under the hypoth

88 (A(s)), synonymous transversions (B(s)), and nonsynonymous substitutions (K(a)) into the P1/capsid re

89 is study, we first investigated the rates of nonsynonymous substitution (Ka) and the rates of synonym

90 s in hominoids do not have elevated rates of nonsynonymous substitutions (Ka) compared with a control

91 ynonymous substitution rate of 0.40 x 10(-9) nonsynonymous substitutions/nonsynonymous site/year (ns/

92 )/d(S) ratio >1, where d(N) is the number of nonsynonymous substitutions/nonsynonymous sites and d(S)

93 tegory of positively selected sites at which nonsynonymous substitutions occur at a higher rate than

94 inical isolates, with the greatest number of nonsynonymous substitutions occurring within the region

95 s studies, the median ratio of the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site (d(N)

96 of sequence evolution considers the ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site (K (A

97 onymous substitutions per synonymous site to nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site sugge

98 r evidence of codon sites where the ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site to sy

99 nes, entropy, genetic distance, and ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site to sy

100 een the groups in the ratio of the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site to th

101 species, and calculated K(a), the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site, and

102 Strong purifying selection, denoted by low nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site/synon

103 mple following seroconversion, the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per potential nonsynonymous

104 Nonsynonymous substitutions per site (d(N)) calculated f

105 16 and week 42 plasma contained an excess of nonsynonymous substitutions, predominantly in V1 and V4,

106 However, within the HVR1 region, nonsynonymous substitutions predominated but gradually d

107 ttern of the MHC polymorphism suggested that nonsynonymous substitutions predominated, especially at

108 comparison of the patterns of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution provided evidence for positiv

109 n level, but positively correlated with both nonsynonymous substitution rate and the sample specifici

110 re is inferred from a comparison between the nonsynonymous substitution rate and the synonymous subst

111 s than in chimps, despite a generally higher nonsynonymous substitution rate in humans.

112 se k6 is a relatively stable lineage, with a nonsynonymous substitution rate of 0.40 x 10(-9) nonsyno

113 A relative rate test showed that the nonsynonymous substitution rate of the bush baby X-linke

114 During the within-clade period, the average nonsynonymous substitution rate was 50% higher than the

115 The nonsynonymous substitution rate was initially higher tha

116 Based on the nonsynonymous substitution rate, the divergence time of

117 ation rate was consistently greater than the nonsynonymous substitution rate.

118 A comparison of the nonsynonymous substitution rate/synonymous substitution

119 The ratio of synonymous-to-nonsynonymous substitution rates (omega) was estimated f

120 Maximum-likelihood estimates of nonsynonymous substitution rates across Buchnera species

121 The overall and nonsynonymous substitution rates among fungi, algae, and

122 odon models with variation in synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates among sites and found e

123 The relationships between synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates and between synonymous

124 ed on genome-wide analysis of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates and others.

125 atistical tests (the ratio of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates and the Tajima D test)

126 oach was used to estimate the synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates in 48 nuclear genes fro

127 Finally, in examining the synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates in the conserved genes,

128 Analyses of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates of these conserved pept

129 w the same synonymous substitution rate, but nonsynonymous substitution rates show significant variat

130 ition, the extracellular domains have higher nonsynonymous substitution rates than the intracellular

131 kelihood-based comparisons of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates to test for evidence of

132 Relative rate tests suggested that the nonsynonymous substitution rates were constant among dif

133 As predicted, synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates were equivalent, and ov

134 COX4 sequence data revealed that accelerated nonsynonymous substitution rates were evident in the ear

135 ar evolutionary regime, with relatively high nonsynonymous substitution rates, suggesting that ABP mi

136 he third codon positions, but independent of nonsynonymous substitution rates.

137 the rate for the wild type due to increased nonsynonymous substitution rates.

138 enes, with only 68 ORFs with a synonymous to nonsynonymous substitution ratio of >2.

139 oteins had a significantly elevated level of nonsynonymous substitution relative to nonaccessory glan

140 There is an excess of nonsynonymous substitutions relative to synonymous subst

141 ain exhibited an extremely high frequency of nonsynonymous substitutions, severalfold higher than oth

142 ntraspecific comparisons showed an excess of nonsynonymous substitutions, suggesting postspeciation r

143 0 genes showed significantly higher rates of nonsynonymous substitution than their nearest mammalian

144 s pathway have substantially higher rates of nonsynonymous substitution than upstream enzymes.

145 ated PTKs were found to have higher rates of nonsynonymous substitution than were those having broade

146 loci, on the whole, have significantly more nonsynonymous substitutions than the progenitor loci.

147 The 699 novel nonsynonymous substitutions were distributed among 604 g

148 Callitrichine-specific nonsynonymous substitutions were identified in GDF9, BMP

149 A total of 9027 of the nonsynonymous substitutions were present in dbSNP or in

150 Many nonsynonymous substitutions were shared among more than

151 rly, the rates of protein sequence altering (nonsynonymous) substitution were lower in the chimpanzee

152 Synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions within the core, E1, and HVR

153 genetic trees constructed for synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions yielded the same discordant