ライフサイエンスコーパス: nose

1 rometry-based electronic nose technology (MS-nose).

2 of dedicated enzymes known as NO synthases (NOSes).

3 l phone camera or a hand-held optoelectronic nose.

4 gen specific immune response in the skin and nose.

5 cells, the olfactory sensory neurons of the nose.

6 espiratory rhythms that draw air through the nose.

7 berg ganglion located at the entrance of the nose.

8 ication of gas-chromatography and electronic nose.

9 classes of olfactory sensory neurons in the nose.

10 shape changes of the sound-emitting mouth or nose.

11 located on olfactory sensory neurons of the nose.

12 s, T44625 persisted efficiently in the mouse nose.

13 nose, 48% rhinorrhea, and 46% sneezing/itchy nose.

14 se-locked to sniffing and to movement of the nose.

15 ism to sensing the outside world through the nose.

16 HDM challenge was through the nose.

17 y neurons that extend cilia through the male nose.

18 symptoms of LCI were fever, cough, and runny nose.

19 can occur without receptor antagonism in the nose.

20 c smell systems, the so-called bioelectronic noses.

21 e state of art in the field of bioelectronic noses.

22 e of multi-sensory devices called electronic noses.

23 ose-umbilicus-flat]; [xiphisternum-to-ear-to-nose+10cm]; [earlobe to xiphisternum to umbilicus - tip

24 Of children with CR, 67% reported blocked nose, 48% rhinorrhea, and 46% sneezing/itchy nose.

25 ath from 14 rats was repeatedly sampled by e-Nose (8 sensors) and an additional external CO2 sensor a

26 d two modes of operation with the artificial nose-active sniffing and continuous inspiration-and demo

27 echnology was used to obtain a 3D model of a nose adapted to the morphology of an individual.

28 liated neurons in the Caenorhabditis elegans nose alter the lipid microenvironment within the oviduct

29 Radar plot of the electronic nose analysis showed that the sensors P30/2, T30/1 and T

30 or data fusion approach, which combines an e-Nose and an e-Tongue, adept in generating combined aroma

31 An electronic panel formed by an electronic nose and an electronic tongue has been used to analyse r

32 ow the eyes to one that is at the tip of the nose and another at the top of the forehead.

33 f inhaled silver nanoparticles in the rodent nose and brain.

34 in JCP, we enforced bacterial culture in the nose and cytology in the nasal smear in asymptomatic (Pr

35 nalysis (PCA) separately on the respective e-Nose and e-Tongue data, only few distinct groups were di

36 that data fusion strategy used to combine e-Nose and e-Tongue signals led to a system of complementa

37 symptom-medication scores (SMS), symptoms of nose and eye by visual analog scale (VAS), quality of li

38 mptom-medication scores (TNSMS), symptoms of nose and eye by visual analog scale (VAS), quality of li

39 s QOL questionnaire (JRQLQ No1), symptoms of nose and eye by visual analog scale (VAS), symptom score

40 A daily online symptom diary on both nose and eye symptoms was completed.

41 Patients, whose symptom scores of nose and eye were 0 and 1 point without any rescue drugs

42 Patients, whose symptom scores of nose and eye were 0 or 1 point without any rescue drugs,

43 Patients, whose symptom scores of nose and eye were 0 or 1 point without any rescue drugs,

44 with allergic symptoms being present in the nose and eyes (40% and 36%, respectively), the skin (27%

45 Now, development of the nose and eyes is added to its list of functions.

46 The most frequent problem was "rubbing nose and eyes", both in children and parents/grandparent

47 We quantify the ethology of exploratory nose and head movements in relation to breathing.

48 n resulted in higher virus excretion via the nose and higher virus titers in the nasal turbinates tha

49 nuous neurogenesis of sensory neurons in the nose and inhibitory interneurons in the olfactory bulb.

50 loid cells, and Cre-Lox virus marking showed nose and lung infections passing through LysM-positive (

51 lization titers and viral load titers in the nose and lungs post-viral challenge.

52 eness of flash gas chromatography electronic nose and multivariate data analysis to perform rapid scr

53 ment is effective in eradicating MRSA in the nose and on the skin of patients.

54 hat physically contact odor molecules in the nose and provide the initial sensory input to the brain'

55 autoinfection with asymptomatically carried nose and skin populations.

56 iffer systematically from those found in the nose and skin, exhibiting reduced toxicity toward leukoc

57 headache, myalgia, cough, sore throat, runny nose and sputum), paucisymptomatic (1 symptom only), or

58 ice varieties were characterised using the e-Nose and the e-Tongue as individual techniques, followed

59 a combined system formed from the electronic nose and the electronic tongue provides information abou

60 The electronic nose and the electronic tongue showed particularly good

61 (seven replicas) by means of the electronic nose and the electronic tongue using partial least squar

62 in humans, but mice show HSV-1 entry via the nose and then spread to its preferred nerve cells.

63 Patients with HED have ear, nose and throat disease, but this has not been investiga

64 pneumococcal bacteria to colonize the human nose and throat for longer periods of time.

65 Nose and throat samples obtained during influenza-like i

66 viral reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) of nose and throat swabs (NTS) is useful for patient care b

67 en from sites of infection and colonization (nose and throat) and were interviewed via structured que

68 evels of bacterial colonization in the mouse nose and trachea was detected.

69 ip of the nose, indicating shortening of the nose and upturning of the nose tip.

70 sitive optical assay operates similarly to e-noses and e-tongues which combine semi-specific sensors

71 ted with reduced replication of the virus in noses and lungs after challenge.

72 vioral phenotypes of mice with a "monoclonal nose" and highlight how substantially degraded odor inpu

73 or b) and body part terms ("tongue" and l, "nose" and n).

74 ng disposal time of 15.2h (TPC) vs. 15.8h (e-nose) and 15.5h (TGDP) vs. 16.3h (e-nose) was determined

75 neous nonlinear optical Stokes ellipsometry (NOSE) and polarized laser transmittance imaging with ima

76 d (preferably daily) their symptoms of eyes, nose, and lungs on a scale from 1 to 10, as well as thei

77 ifferent ORs are interspersed in the macaque nose, and there are spatial zones that differ in their c

78 Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) lesions are frequently involved i

79 rointestinal infections (64 [8%]), eye, ear, nose, and throat infections (55 [7%]), urinary tract inf

80 o presented with hearing problems to an Ear, Nose, and Throat specialist ( n = 110) or a hearing aid

81 tematically seen by a stomatologist, an ear, nose, and throat specialist, and a urologist; women were

82 expressed in epithelial tissues of the skin, nose, and tongue.

83 Biosensors based on a "chemical nose" approach are attracting interest because they are

84 mprovement relative to previous single-point NOSE approaches.

85 ecific recognition and array-based "chemical nose" approaches to cell surface sensing will be discuss

86 lfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the mouse nose are differentially stimulated depending on the cell

87 lication potentialities of the bioelectronic noses are focused on the fields of economy and science w

88 s imply the possibility to use an electronic nose as a tool for a quick, effective and non-destructiv

89 responses after virus antigen stimulation in nose-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT) from children an

90 ion to her nose bridge for the correction of nose asymmetry 8 years post rhinoplasty.

91 ly reduced viral loads in both the lungs and nose at early time points following viral challenge.

92 dimers-polymers (TGDP), among others) and e-nose based odor index.

93 ge it has not yet been used in an electronic nose based on MS.

94 fied using an artificial olfactive system (e-nose) based on metal oxide semiconductor sensors (MOS).

95 fection is highly prevalent among giant leaf-nosed bats, Hipposideros gigas (detected in samples from

96 Here, we use a "chemical nose" biosensor based on gold nanoparticles to explore t

97 nd thus, govern the performance of "chemical nose" biosensors.

98 elated traits: columella inclination (4q31), nose bridge breadth (6p21) and nose wing breadth (7p13 a

99 injection of calcium hydroxylapatite to the nose bridge can result in arterial emboli to the ophthal

100 cium Hydroxylapatite filler injection to her nose bridge for the correction of nose asymmetry 8 years

101 cium Hydroxylapatite filler injection to the nose bridge.

102 t that chromogenic arrays and optoelectronic noses can be a suitable approach to develop simple syste

103 bacteria, we demonstrate that this "chemical nose" can detect and identify bacteria over two orders o

104 reus genomes from 105 infected patients with nose colonization.

105 ns emerged from the nose, with infecting and nose-colonizing bacteria showing parallel adaptive diffe

106 were 3.1-fold enriched in infecting but not nose-colonizing bacteria.

107 n space vehicles, rocket nozzle inserts, and nose cones or leading edges for hypersonic aerospace veh

108 ncipal components from the PCA analysis of e-Nose data accounted for more than 95% variance in the da

109 strate that ALF in rats can be detected by e-Nose data analysis of the exhaled breath.

110 Additionally, the "chemical nose" differentiates between binary and tertiary mixture

111 otate their eyes following either nose-up or nose-down body tilts.

112 An electronic nose (e-nose), having 18 metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)

113 ted as red violaceous plaques of the cheeks, nose, ears, fingers, and toes that progressed to gangren

114 ilia Romagna, were analysed using electronic nose (EN) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), wi

115 ation state of the exiting beam is recorded, NOSE enables recovery of the complex-valued Jones tensor

116 at least one sneezing, or a runny or blocked nose episodes without cold or flu in the first year of l

117 the midface and superior displacement of the nose, especially the tip of the nose, indicating shorten

118 ce in nerve cells that connect to the mouth, nose, eye, and face.

119 The "bio-electronic nose" fabricated by LIFT is tested in nitrogen upon expo

120 Although olfactory receptor neurons in the nose face similar stimulus sequences under likewise chan

121 A novel optoelectronic nose for analysis of alcohols (ethanol and methanol) in

122 In this work, a "bio-electronic nose" for vapour phase detection of odorant molecules ba

123 n, we report a gold nanostar based "chemical nose" for visually identifying ocular pathogens.

124 a new olfactory epithelium, the adult "water nose," forms in the emerging middle cavity (MC).

125 In M71 transgenic mice with a "monoclonal nose", glomerular input patterns in the olfactory bulb a

126 ct populations of mustached and greater spot-nosed guenons in Gabon and including large sample sets o

127 s subset, mustached guenons and greater spot-nosed guenons, infected with SIVmus and SIVgsn, respecti

128 resent with enlargement of the lips, tongue, nose, hands, and feet and are diagnosed by elevated insu

129 The mouse nose has an additional small family of chemosensory rece

130 An electronic nose (e-nose), having 18 metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors

131 e through goal-directed positioning of their nose, head, and vibrissae.

132 nent lateral and vertical deflections of the nose, i.e., twitches, which are driven by activation of

133 o assess the classification accuracy of an e-Nose in detecting acute liver failure (ALF) in rats.

134 pectrometers, mass spectrometers, sensors, e-noses) in the field.

135 ement of the nose, especially the tip of the nose, indicating shortening of the nose and upturning of

136 ed Taguchi Gas Sensors were applied in the e-Nose instrument and the e-Tongue was designed using six

137 A new electronic nose instrument was developed at the University of Warwi

138 NOSE is based on polarization-dependent second harmonic

139 In most species of moles, the skin on the nose is covered with domed mechanosensory units known as

140 Odor detection in the mouse nose is mediated by >1, 000 different odorant receptors

141 Odor detection in the mouse nose is mediated by 1,000 different odorant receptors (O

142 the reachable distance in front of the rat's nose is relatively small.

143 Thus, the nose is sub-stratified into more than a thousand OSN sub

144 ees of branching, we show that the "chemical nose" is capable of identifying the following clinically

145 Arhinia, or absence of the nose, is a rare malformation of unknown etiology that is

146 to quantify personal exposure by sampling at nose level.

147 erence were concentrated around the midface, nose, lips, and eyes.

148 nd broad eyebrows; a long, thin, and tubular nose; long, narrow upslanting palpebral fissures; and la

149 Headspace E-nose measurements and sensory analyses were performed ea

150 stribution was investigated by combining the NOSE measurements with ab initio calculations of the pre

151 When weighted by the measurement time, NOSE microscopy was found to provide a substantial (>7 d

152 lidation of the approach using z-cut quartz, NOSE microscopy was performed for microcrystals of both

153 e of nonlinear optical Stokes ellipsometric (NOSE) microscopy for rapid discrimination of two polymor

154 Nonlinear optical Stokes ellipsometric (NOSE) microscopy was demonstrated for the analysis of co

155 Like mice and rats, the star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata) is a somatosensory speci

156 omatosensory star on the rostrum of the star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata).

157 t sensory specializations - such as the star-nosed mole and the common, eastern mole.

158 spite this hypertrophied cranial nerve, star-nosed mole brains were not larger than predicted from bo

159 ble star pattern in preparations of the star-nosed mole cortex and the principal sensory nucleus, we

160 The star-nosed mole was an outlier, with more than twice the numb

161 also note that the tactile fovea of the star-nosed mole, located on the medial ventral ray, does not

162 analyses of the genome of a male golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) and resequencing

163 The snub-nosed monkey genus Rhinopithecus includes five closely r

164 ction and social dynamics of the golden snub-nosed monkey MLS.

165 , and angiogenesis in the high-altitude snub-nosed monkeys.

166 the adaptation to high altitude in the snub-nosed monkeys.

167 Using DHS-GC-MS and an electronic nose (MOS), 18 samples of olive oil flavored with white

168 The data obtained with the electronic nose (MOS), processed statistically, was able to discrim

169 On the timescale of individual breaths, nose motion is rhythmic and has a maximum deflection fol

170 t the human body-in particular, those of the nose, mouth, and throat-deserves greater attention.

171 = 46 [93%]) and pharynx and vestibule of the nose (n = 26 [53%]).

172 ebo group), cough (n=73 and n=43), and runny nose (n=68 and n=39), most of which were mild.

173 ore (TNSS) consisting of blocked nose, runny nose, nasal itching, and sneezing was used to evaluate s

174 al, antipsychological, brain-based, and hard-nosed nosologic approach to psychiatry.

175 al arrangement of the sensory neurons in the nose, numerous signaling molecules and genetic determina

176 The e-nose odourprintings were obtained by a canonical discrim

177 Instillation of PGD2 in the nose of sensitized mice together with a low concentratio

178 However, the glabrous noses of moles are an exception.

179 of body forms and habitats, right under the noses of the dinosaurs.

180 ations of periodontitis with diseases of the nose, one of the structures adjacent to the mouth.

181 ional anthrax in this animal model following nose-only aerosol exposure.

182 naive BALB/cJ mice housed in a multi-animal nose-only chamber twice a week for a period of 13 weeks.

183 eous or side-by-side tests of whole-body and nose-only CS exposure in building their mouse models of

184 ry small artery are a little more serious in nose-only CS exposure method than changes in the whole-b

185 ing the results from whole-body CS exposure, nose-only CS exposure, and airway LPS inhalation testing

186 sera, livers, brains, and adipose tissue of nose-only exposed animals (1.1-1.5-fold), but these incr

187 igher summation operatorPCBs in the lungs of nose-only exposed than the whole-body exposed animals (p

188 PCB inhalation exposures with whole-body and nose-only exposure methods.

189 Our study shows that prolonged nose-only exposure was well-tolerated and eliminated the

190 ntion of inhaled Ag in the nasal cavity from nose-only exposure; b) the timing for Ag translocation t

191 lipid peroxidation was also elevated in the nose-only group.

192 oups of naive B6C3F1/N mice were exposed via nose-only inhalation to A. fumigatus viable conidia, hea

193 c tularemia in female Fischer 344 rats after nose-only inhalational exposure to lethal doses of aeros

194 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed nose-only to citrate-buffered 20- or 110-nm AgNP (C20 or

195 As compared to existing e-nose or e-tongue techniques, the method is unique both i

196 ensor arrays (also referred to as electronic noses or tongues in the literature), their current use a

197 5% CI: 1.20, 2.16); and stuffy, itchy, runny nose (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.08).

198 Our findings indicate that the short nose, otitis media, and hearing impairment in Jacobsen s

199 , and 53% for daily summation operator runny nose (P = .005) when compared with placebo.

200 The nose, paranasal sinuses, and associated lymphoid tissues

201 uman condition support the idea that ear and nose pathology in HED patients arises as a result of nas

202 On a longer timescale, excursions of the nose persist for several breaths and are accompanied by

203 We trained mice to nose poke for food reinforcers and then stimulated this

204 ter heroin (0.25 mg/kg/unit dose, FR1 with a nose poke response) for 4 h/day, for 10 consecutive days

205 ala (BLA) of female rats with one particular nose-poke porthole option for earning cocaine infusions

206 was found when the Thy1-ChR2 mice learned to nose-poke to self-stimulate these inputs, indicating tha

207 ke the same response (e.g., a lever-press or nose-poke) over and over to procure and take drugs.

208 perform a concurrent choice task where they nose-poked for grain rewards on a fixed ratio (FR) 1 sch

209 A proportionally greater reduction in nose pokes was observed for grain, resulting in an incre

210 ce showed a reduction in the total number of nose pokes.

211 photoactivation of these terminals increased nose-poking effort with no effect on licking behavior an

212 als were allowed to effortlessly perform the nose-poking, was not affected in mutants.

213 with crude tissue samples dissected from the nose, proceeding to flow-cytometrically sorted pools of

214 ing to whole licorice roots aroma with the e-nose reference dataset.

215 sms (SNPs) in four genomic regions for three nose-related traits: columella inclination (4q31), nose

216 rganization of sensory inputs in the macaque nose resembles that in mouse in some respects, but not o

217 allergic diseases that affect the lungs and nose, respectively.

218 E-nose results were compared to those obtained by SPME/GC-

219 ith an anatomically-similar 3D printed dog's nose revealed the external aerodynamics during canine sn

220 l symptom score (TNSS) consisting of blocked nose, runny nose, nasal itching, and sneezing was used t

221 acid filament was successfully printed as a nose-shape mask by FDM 3DP, but the PCL-salicylic acid f

222 SLA printing led to 3D printed devices (nose-shape) with higher resolution and higher drug loadi

223 The "bio-electronic nose" showed low detection limits for the tested compoun

224 This syndrome comprises long nose, small mouth, micrognathia, cleft palate, arachnoda

225 (Notophthalmus viridescens) and Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes (Heterodon platirhinos).

226 In fact, these populations of Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes are so resistant to TTX that the potential

227 that physiological resistance in Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes is conferred by an alternate genetic mechan

228 issuade most predators, and that Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes within newt range are highly resistant to T

229 d one ester were identified from the exhaled nose-space.

230 Patients received twice-daily nose sprays for 12 weeks with either bevacizumab 1% (4 m

231 els obtained by PLS, with the optoelectronic nose, successfully predicted CO2 and O2 content in the h

232 that TAARs are also expressed in the macaque nose, suggesting that TAARs may also play a role in huma

233 fish have thus been shown to act as "aquatic noses," supporting a substantial revision of the current

234 We detected MERS-CoV in nose swabs from three camels by three independent RT-PCR

235 Eight additional camel nose swabs were positive on one or more RT-PCRs, but cou

236 We took nose swabs, rectal swabs, and blood samples from all cam

237 other recently-emerged fungal disease, White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) and its causative agent, Pseudogymno

238 as Ebola virus, human malaria, and bat white-nose syndrome illustrate the need for a mechanistic unde

239 rtunistic molds, and the agent causing white nose syndrome in bats, induces expansion of calnexin-spe

240 lear extracellular infections such as 'white-nose syndrome' (WNS).

241 destructans is the causative agent of white-nose syndrome, a disease that has caused the deaths of m

242 Despite the impact of white-nose syndrome, little is known about the fungus itself o

243 re employed in gas sensors and an electronic nose system, which showed improved responsivities to low

244 peptides using chromatography and electronic nose techniques have been done.

245 tudies with mass spectrometry and electronic nose technologies have provided independent studies with

246 ring with Mass Spectrometry-based electronic nose technology (MS-nose).

247 id exhibits a pronounced minimum tauX* at a 'nose temperature' T(*) located between the glass transit

248 udy, we use a popular aquarium fish, the red nose tetra fish, Hemigrammus bleheri, which is known to

249 a single point in time, Ag deposition in the nose, the rate of translocation to the brain, and subseq

250 ir jets entrain odorant-laden air toward the nose, thereby extending the "aerodynamic reach" for insp

251 th the strongest associations for burning in nose, throat, or lungs (OR = 4.73; 95% CI: 3.10, 7.22),

252 the strongest association for burning in the nose, throat, or lungs [adjusted PR (aPR)=1.61 (95% CI:

253 eal symptoms, such as those provoked by ear, nose, throat, or respiratory disorders.

254 ce psychosocial disorders and rheumatic, ear-nose-throat, neurocognitive, and ophthalmologic complica

255 Localized disease (ocular +/- ear-nose-throat/lung) was observed in 57%, and generalized d

256 A nose/throat swab was tested for influenza virus by rever

257 Combined nose/throat swabs were collected from febrile children w

258 tory epithelium, when odor is drawn into the nose through breathing.

259 ed populations of sensory afferents from the nose, thus demonstrating a change in sensory gating pote

260 shortening of the nose and upturning of the nose tip.

261 stem routes predator signals detected in the nose to achieve these effects is unknown.

262 ery, and drug/formulation considerations for nose to brain delivery are also discussed.

263 o its non-invasiveness, potential for direct nose to brain delivery, high vascularity, relatively lar

264 reatly increases the transport of drugs from nose to brain over and above the effect of simpler chito

265 ate solid microparticles able to promote the nose to brain uptake of DFO and to limit its systemic ex

266 be to xiphisternum to umbilicus - tip of the nose to earlobe].

267 ntrinsically programmed configuration in the nose to ensure high sensitivity to odors.

268 dissipated when breathing was diverted from nose to mouth.

269 damaged proteins may be transported from the nose to the brain.

270 ns, which transmit odor information from the nose to the brain.

271 stered this conjugate intranasally using the nose-to-brain (INB) route to bypass the BBB.

272 l drug delivery systems able to increase the nose-to-brain transport of deferoxamine mesylate (DFO),

273 n the stomach and all side ports inside it: [nose-to-ear-to-xiphisternum - 50]cm/2+50cm]; [gender-wei

274 The nose-to-ear-to-xiphisternum and Hanson method should no

275 Four studies found nose-to-ear-to-xiphisternum was most likely to result in

276 t follows that each person may have a unique nose; to capture this, we devised a sensitive test of ol

277 One follows one's nose toward what might be new understanding.

278 when N. fowleri-containing water enters the nose, typically during swimming, and migrates to the bra

279 h group (ie, 7.6% in the face mask group had nose ulcers and 6.8% in the helmet group had neck ulcers

280 The [gender-weight and nose-umbilicus-flat] method has been shown to be safer.

281 isternum - 50]cm/2+50cm]; [gender-weight and nose-umbilicus-flat]; [xiphisternum-to-ear-to-nose+10cm]

282 failed to rotate their eyes following either nose-up or nose-down body tilts.

283 dder inflation, that relies on maintaining a nose-up posture.

284 a vital behavior requiring maintenance of a nose-up posture: swim bladder inflation.

285 hance the representation of imbalance during nose-up postures while preserving gaze stabilization per

286 jection patterns can enhance the encoding of nose-up sensations without compromising gaze stabilizati

287 ions enabled more accurate representation of nose-up stimuli.

288 Stimulation of the nose, upper lip, lower lip, and chin caused a somatotopi

289 For this purpose, an optoelectronic nose was designed, which consisted of an array containin

290 bination of measured fever, cough, and runny nose was most specific (90%) but had low sensitivity (32

291 NOSE was used to access the molecular-level distribution

292 15.8h (e-nose) and 15.5h (TGDP) vs. 16.3h (e-nose) was determined.

293 of the PC is rearranged into the adult "air nose," whereas a new olfactory epithelium, the adult "wa

294 input is detected by receptor neurons in the nose, which then send information to the olfactory bulb

295 rrupted wavy eyebrows, dense eyelashes, wide nose, wide mouth, and a prominent chin) that is distinct

296 ation (4q31), nose bridge breadth (6p21) and nose wing breadth (7p13 and 20p11).

297 (FREM1) gene have been shown to cause bifid nose with or without anorectal and renal anomalies (BNAR

298 ion characterized by complete absence of the nose with or without ocular defects.

299 port that 72% of infections emerged from the nose, with infecting and nose-colonizing bacteria showin

300 c EOG response measured in surgically opened nose without airflow constraints is similar to the shape