ライフサイエンスコーパス: null hypothesis

1 complete response allowing rejection of the null hypothesis.

2 The mathematical model plays the role of a null hypothesis.

3 ependent of the selection criteria under the null hypothesis.

4 tions from asymptotic expectations under the null hypothesis.

5 differences with expected value 0 under the null hypothesis.

6 bability, by considering it in relation to a null hypothesis.

7 , as predicted by the traditional ecological null hypothesis.

8 ances better than the much more parsimonious null hypothesis.

9 o determine the level of significance of the null hypothesis.

10 nt of the observed linkage signal, under the null hypothesis.

11 type I error and erroneous rejection of the null hypothesis.

12 of "normal behavior"--that is, it requires a null hypothesis.

13 comparing the likelihood ratio to that of a null hypothesis.

14 ihood-ratio test (LRT) of the no-interaction null hypothesis.

15 ence hypothesis but is inconsistent with the null hypothesis.

16 sured medical outcome rate ratios toward the null hypothesis.

17 clusive evidence as evidence in favor of the null hypothesis.

18 s greatly overstate the evidence against the null hypothesis.

19 controls, the efficiency is only 1/6 on the null hypothesis.

20 but statistical analyses did not exclude the null hypothesis.

21 ntelligence than would be expected under the null hypothesis.

22 ene burden analyses were consistent with the null hypothesis.

23 y significant rejection of the local-realist null hypothesis.

24 tor provided strong evidence in favor of the null hypothesis.

25 the alternative hypothesis to that under the null hypothesis.

26 tion of clusters that are expected under the null hypothesis.

27 eals considerable evidential support for the null hypothesis.

28 factors that provided strong support for the null hypothesis.

29 rly restrictive assumptions and an incorrect null hypothesis?

30 approach, all genes are assumed to satisfy a null hypothesis, 0, of no difference in expression.

31 Under the null hypothesis, 4 (5%) of the 86 interactions would be

32 e size of 25, the model falsely rejected the null hypothesis 55% of the time.

33 nvalues of the correlation matrix against a "null hypothesis"--a truly random correlation matrix obta

34 ected; negative reports defined as P < 0.05, null hypothesis accepted; and inconclusive reports defin

35 metric statistical methods testing a complex null hypothesis against specific alternatives, such as d

36 tric statistical methods that test a complex null hypothesis against specific alternatives.

37 The hypergeometric distribution constitutes null hypothesis-all peptide matches to a tandem mass spe

38 lity that the test statistic will reject the null hypothesis and mortality will simultaneously show i

39 es show correct type I error rates under the null hypothesis and robust statistical power under alter

40 ped measure of exchangeability to evaluate a null hypothesis and two alternative hypotheses about the

41 enotype data for trios are simulated under a null hypothesis and under an alternative (power) hypothe

42 approximately normal distribution under the null hypothesis, and extreme negative values correspond

43 s: 1) length bias that exists even under the null hypothesis; and 2) loss of efficiency when exposure

44 basis for doing so, as when testing only the null hypothesis; and 3) statistical reification, treatin

45 tically it has a chi2 distribution under the null hypothesis; and exact P values can be easily comput

46 ches that involve the use of the traditional null hypothesis approach and statistically validated rep

47 We compare this hypothesis with the null hypothesis, assumed by most previous models of bino

48 dian test statistics than expected under the null hypothesis assuming no predictive power (p<0.01, bo

49 ent single hypothesis tests with the overall null hypothesis assuming that all single hypotheses are

50 A simple null hypothesis based on coalescence theory explains som

51 Classical, null hypothesis-based approaches involving the use of co

52 However, neither can the null hypothesis be sustained--that it is a 'functional'

53 er/test pairs that are independent under the null hypothesis but correlated under the alternative-is

54 e methods detect complex departures from the null hypothesis but lack the ability to identify the spe

55 t of them detect complex departures from the null hypothesis but when the null hypothesis is rejected

56 Previous data and theory supported the null hypothesis, but evidence presented here shows that

57 tribution of alleles allows rejection of the null hypothesis, but relatively small deviations from th

58 ce among previous tests is mainly due to the null hypothesis considered.

59 We show that testability of the ontological null hypothesis derives from an experimental concept, ex

60 and locus-specific genotyping, based on the null-hypothesis distribution of the LOD-score statistic

61 tiple comparisons was performed by computing null hypothesis distributions from 10000 Monte Carlo sim

62 ough there was no clear evidence against the null hypothesis, drug dependence (beta = -0.27, P = 0.58

63 Under the null hypothesis, factors that have an impact on the info

64 ors or selective advantage, and represents a null hypothesis for assessing such alternatives.

65 c cluster sizes and may therefore serve as a null hypothesis for cluster sizes under simple epidemiol

66 on, and is essential in formulating a robust null hypothesis for comparative genomics studies.

67 The simplest null hypothesis for evolutionary time series is that the

68 some cases, it should not be accepted as the null hypothesis for explaining features of host-symbiont

69 hat the star topology is the correct default null hypothesis for phylogenies.

70 from this pattern involves rejection of the null hypothesis for roughly the last 75 million years fo

71 iversity and biogeography provides a dynamic null hypothesis for the assembly of natural communities.

72 t of the 90.4% CI was greater than 1.388 the null hypothesis for the corresponding non-inferiority hy

73 resulted in a failure to reject the CDM as a null hypothesis for the molecular evolution of COI and c

74 significance level, alpha, one can reject a null hypothesis, H0: "the result is false".

75 atistic z < 0.39 (P >/= .348) and reject the null hypothesis if z > 2.54 (P </= .0056).

76 Rejection of the null hypothesis implies a role for directional natural s

77 The appropriate null hypothesis in behavior genetics is not that genetic

78 a highly restrictive characterization of the null hypothesis in Hwang et al. and Foppa and Spiegelman

79 commend the presented birth-death model as a null hypothesis in prokaryotic speciation studies.

80 The probability of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis increased with increasing sample size, a

81 ce imaging, we often need to test an overall null hypothesis involving a large number of single hypot

82 e corresponding level of significance of the null hypothesis is determined.

83 out most of the Phanerozoic, the random-walk null hypothesis is not rejected for marine diversity, ac

84 to find the subset of pathways for which the null hypothesis is rejected and second, apply MST-based

85 rtures from the null hypothesis but when the null hypothesis is rejected, the specific alternative le

86 at the familywise error rate at the complete null hypothesis is still controlled.

87 Our null hypothesis is that the average ASSR to the fixed-wi

88 Our null hypothesis is that tooth-surface defect dimensions,

89 The thermodynamically generated null hypothesis method can be downloaded from http://sou

90 E implicitly assumes a markedly conservative null-hypothesis model, and we present a new random-effec

91 allele at heterozygous sites and testing the null hypothesis of a 1:1 allelic ratio.

92 ics is observed from that expected under the null hypothesis of a common autosomal genetic architectu

93 family member-provides evidence against the null hypothesis of a complete absence of linkage and ass

94 ce for a subset of these species allowed the null hypothesis of a congruent phylogeny to be rejected

95 The null hypothesis of a true disease control rate (DCR) of

96 The power of five tests to reject the null hypothesis of a uniform distribution is studied for

97 orphic sites on both the power to reject the null hypothesis of constant population size and the prop

98 more powerful to detect departures from the null hypothesis of constant population size than other m

99 re substantially lower than predicted by the null hypothesis of equal attraction level (0.44 times).

100 To reject the null hypothesis of equal seed and pollen gene flow rates

101 Decision boundaries were to accept the null hypothesis of futility if the test statistic z < 0.

102 red by 5.5 points (not significant), and the null hypothesis of more than minimal IPT inferiority was

103 locus (QTL) analyses can be used to test the null hypothesis of neutral phenotypic evolution.

104 f the proteins surveyed failed to reject the null hypothesis of neutral substitutions among surface r

105 We reject the null hypothesis of neutrality on this network of CD risk

106 e distributions of Q(ST) and F(ST) under the null hypothesis of neutrality will depend on species-spe

107 ly greater than expected by chance under the null hypothesis of no association (P = 0.012).

108 trate the validity of the APL test under the null hypothesis of no association and show that the test

109 per GWAS and performs score tests under the null hypothesis of no association between a binary trait

110 ation when early evidence suggested that the null hypothesis of no association between genotype and d

111 s to a bias in the score statistic under the null hypothesis of no association between the marker and

112 estimates which can be biased away from the null hypothesis of no association by 22%-39%, even for s

113 The statistics give valid chi2 tests of the null hypothesis of no association or no linkage and gene

114 than expected theoretically under the global null hypothesis of no association, and 128 SNPs had evid

115 ternative, yet it remains unbiased under the null hypothesis of no causal effect; the maximum likelih

116 roximate the distribution of rho L under the null hypothesis of no common QTL.

117 esis of no linkage with either trait and the null hypothesis of no contribution of the locus to the c

118 m measure, together with simple tests of the null hypothesis of no disequilibrium.

119 kage procedures can show a "bias" toward the null hypothesis of no effect when there is incomplete in

120 er 219 (41%) deaths had occurred to test the null hypothesis of no efficacy (threshold for rejection

121 the subjects' exposure experience under the null hypothesis of no exposure-event relation.

122 stribution of the Pleiotropy Index under the null hypothesis of no genotype-phenotype association.

123 n of Gaussian regression residuals under the null hypothesis of no interaction; shows how their appro

124 approximately 0.01) than expected under the null hypothesis of no linkage across the LOD score range

125 to assess genomewide significance under the null hypothesis of no linkage and to evaluate true-posit

126 dress the important issue of formulating the null hypothesis of no linkage appropriately.

127 The test is not biased under the null hypothesis of no linkage or association.

128 s a chi(2) distribution with 1 df, under the null hypothesis of no linkage or linkage disequilibrium

129 linkage analyses strongly rejected both the null hypothesis of no linkage with either trait and the

130 arametric linkage test statistics toward the null hypothesis of no locus effect.

131 is a simple 2-step procedure for testing the null hypothesis of no multiplicative interaction against

132 We cannot reject the null hypothesis of no placebo effect.

133 ation events from a tree estimated under the null hypothesis of no recombination, we also reveal some

134 The null hypothesis of no significant difference between pul

135 The null hypothesis of no spatial clustering is rejected for

136 ropy, so that the erroneous rejection of the null hypothesis of pleiotropy only happens at a frequenc

137 The implicit null hypothesis of potential similarity is invalidated b

138 months in the as-enrolled population, with a null hypothesis of progression-free survival at 4 months

139 significantly higher than expected under the null hypothesis of random distribution.

140 ir mutation probabilities under the standard null hypothesis of random mutation.

141 in diversity across habitats relative to the null hypothesis of random sampling.

142 ereas others have reported failure to reject null hypothesis of random spacing at that scale.

143 The null hypothesis of selective neutrality is tested for ea

144 multisensory responses evaluated against the null hypothesis of simple summation of unisensory influe

145 ajority of dendrites we could not reject the null hypothesis of spatial randomness in spine locations

146 The null hypothesis of this study was that chewing gum does

147 y separate unannotated noncoding RNAs from a null hypothesis of transcriptional noise.

148 e length of the protein in the database (the null hypothesis) or the hypergeometric probability score

149 Moreover, the thermodynamically generated null hypothesis outperforms the statistical one due to i

150 Many recent studies have used tests of the null hypothesis Q(ST) = F(ST) to identify diversifying o

151 Positive reports were defined as P < 0.05, null hypothesis rejected; negative reports defined as P

152 age period between exposures, even under the null hypothesis, resulting in a systematic downward bias

153 Without discarding the culture of null hypothesis significance testing and implementing th

154 In addition, the culture of null hypothesis significance testing discourages quantit

155 n of results for further evaluation based on null hypothesis significance testing is doomed to yield

156 s a primary culprit, which is the culture of null hypothesis significance testing that dominates stat

157 bility in science stem from our "culture" of null hypothesis significance testing.

158 alue, aggregate peptide intensities, perform null hypothesis significance tests and select the most l

159 ditional alpha = 0.05 significance level for null hypothesis significance tests makes assumptions abo

160 As commonly misused, null-hypothesis significance testing combines these cogn

161 A null-hypothesis test yields a probability of at most P =

162 ggests alpha = 2/3, we consider this to be a null hypothesis testable by empirical studies.

163 Null-hypothesis testing is also discussed.

164 e then use network modelling and statistical null-hypothesis testing to show the presence of non-rand

165 Results allowed us to reject the null hypothesis that a radiation independent of phase pr

166 We rejected the null hypothesis that allelic variation in the region of

167 t render them unconvincing for rejecting the null hypothesis that alpha = 2/3.

168 With a Wilcoxon signed rank procedure, the null hypothesis that comfort ratings were symmetric abou

169 e used generalized linear models to test the null hypothesis that conditions favorable for recruitmen

170 specified noninferiority margin of -15%, the null hypothesis that cSEMS is less effective than plasti

171 The results of the experiments support the null hypothesis that differences among individuals in th

172 med using point process methods, testing the null hypothesis that disease risk does not vary spatiall

173 We rejected the null hypothesis that efavirenz is inferior to ritonavir-

174 sue is that unconsciousness is typically the null hypothesis that evidence of awareness will not emer

175 GSNCA tests the null hypothesis that for a gene set there is no differen

176 According to our analysis, the null hypothesis that glacial terminations are independen

177 of 1.08; therefore, we could not reject the null hypothesis that ibandronic acid was inferior to zol

178 ishing a [Formula: see text] value under the null hypothesis that it was chosen from a stationary dis

179 A chi-square test rejects the null hypothesis that membrane protein and soluble protei

180 Most inference methods are based on the null hypothesis that natural selection is a weak or infr

181 xpected during the holiday period, using the null hypothesis that natural-cause mortality is unaffect

182 rved score with the expected score under the null hypothesis that only nuclear autosomal mutations ar

183 etic evidence that statistically rejects the null hypothesis that our species descends from a single,

184 n signed rank procedure was used to test the null hypothesis that ratings were symmetric at about a s

185 Both tests used the same null hypothesis that risk of disease does not vary spati

186 ical tree Corythophora alta, we rejected the null hypothesis that seed and pollen gene flow rates are

187 In this study, we tested the null hypothesis that spaceflight does not impair human b

188 g to reject alternative views, including the null hypothesis that species richness has simply had mor

189 This project tested the null hypothesis that such smear layers are totally remov

190 el analysis of variance was used to test the null hypothesis that the difference in population mean s

191 eneficial mutations, focusing on testing the null hypothesis that the distribution is exponential.

192 rican great apes, we were able to reject the null hypothesis that the divergence time in the coding s

193 If the null hypothesis that the genetic distances for isolates

194 We tested the null hypothesis that the observed age distribution of re

195 We find that we are unable to reject the null hypothesis that the protein-family sizes of these s

196 two-stage minimax rule was used to test the null hypothesis that the response rate is <or= 40% again

197 It was not possible to reject the null hypothesis that the sequence variation observed in

198 significant at [Formula: see text] under the null hypothesis that the state was chosen from a station

199 This observation motivates the null hypothesis that the Y will be a minor contributor t

200 ociation tests should be conducted under the null hypothesis that there is linkage but no association

201 nge of association test statistics under the null hypothesis that there is linkage but no association

202 This study tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference in nano-dyna

203 The null hypothesis that there is no tendency for exchangeab

204 In Stage 2, the pre-specified primary null hypothesis that this dose is superior to placebo wa

205 Therefore, the null hypothesis (that </= 15% of this patient population

206 produced summary estimates in support of the null hypothesis (that HS does not affect LOS).

207 Under the null hypothesis, that the SSBs are randomly distributed

208 The null hypothesis, that there is no difference between the

209 es the statistical procedures of testing the null hypothesis: that the coefficient of correlation/reg

210 how that PB-based topology tests that use as null hypothesis the most likely tree congruent with a pr

211 The analysis of variance shows that the null hypothesis (the mean value of a group of GC content

212 Furthermore, we show that (i) under the null hypothesis, the limiting distribution of the gLOD i

213 Although it is not possible to prove a null hypothesis, there are no epidemiologic, serologic,

214 factor and a disease requires a more complex null hypothesis, thus offering additional methodological

215 e observed rate ratio (r) is unbiased at the null hypothesis (true rate ratio R = 1), negatively bias

216 est on log-transformed costs tests the wrong null hypothesis unless variances in the log-scale are eq

217 Under the null hypothesis, use of the HBSP gave results that retai

218 For each performance statistic, the null hypothesis was rejected at the [Formula: see text]

219 population mortality variations, an overall null hypothesis was tested: variations in primary health

220 The null hypothesis was that there is no statistically signi

221 Our null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in

222 The canonical Akt activation model (the null hypothesis) was unable to recapitulate the observed

223 As a test of null hypothesis, we perform the same analyses on couplet

224 If this null hypothesis were true, endophytes would represent ne

225 genomewide data set are tested against some null hypothesis, where a number of features are expected

226 Instead, we offer a phenotypic null hypothesis, which states that genetic variance is n

227 sing the correlation coefficient to test the null-hypothesis, which avoids the costly computation of

228 rather than evaluating the deviation from a null hypothesis with a P-value, it quantifies gene-set a

229 are simultaneous (with >99% rejection of the null hypothesis) with the onset of millennium-timescale

230 xpected during the holiday period, given the null hypothesis, with the number of deaths observed.