ライフサイエンスコーパス: null mutant

1 genotype main effect (wildtype>heterozygote>null mutant).

2 mediated translation was reduced in an eif4g null mutant.

3 ll mutant mice, as well as in a human Nav1.7-null mutant.

4 and complement the growth of an HSV-1 ICP27 null mutant.

5 5a-CD3 can rescue the phenotype of a pcdh15a-null mutant.

6 sspA transcription are absent from the sigF null mutant.

7 to reproduce the secretion phenotype of the null mutant.

8 with the developmental delay seen in pacman null mutants.

9 ibed at robust levels in both H2Av and JIL-1 null mutants.

10 media for wild-type procyclics, but not HSK null mutants.

11 e mutual interactions are perturbed in IP6K3-null mutants.

12 y phenocopied the truncation defects of Lhx1-null mutants.

13 s, whereas longevity was increased in nup100-null mutants.

14 mexicana Deltagk, Deltapepck, and Deltappdk null mutants.

15 58 were evaluated using isogenic cpb and cpe null mutants.

16 generated and characterized 2 zebrafish cbfb null mutants.

17 f-function mutations in Sh phenocopy qvr/sss-null mutants.

18 ressing cis- or predicted trans-dimerization null mutants.

19 acterizing the phenotype and fitness of comQ null mutants.

20 c defects similar to those observed in vps29-null mutants.

21 ells, as highlighted by the analysis of ADAR-null mutants.

22 n airway resistance between controls and abr-null mutants.

23 paired T-tubule formation, phenocopying amph-null mutants.

24 "obligate cheaters" quorum-sensing response null mutants.

25 fferently from previously described synthase null mutants.

26 unc-64 (C. elegans orthologue of syntaxin-1)-null mutants.

27 nses were monitored in two independent cerk1 null mutants; a deletion mutant lacking D14L, and with D

28 We now show that Deltaafkp80(-) null mutants ablated d-Arap modifications of LPG as pred

29 iologically relevant in wild-type cells, and null mutants accumulate elevated levels of intracellular

30 ere invasive infections is the presence of a null mutant allele for the orphan kinase RocA.

31 ematode C. elegans and analyze the effect of null mutant alleles of all members of the SoxB and SoxC

32 PME gene T-DNA insertion lines revealed two null mutant alleles of PME34 (At3g49220) that both consi

33 differences disappear in the presence of G9a null mutant alleles, showing that G9a is necessary for t

34 In line with this, Foxp2-null mutants also show a loss of ITCs at postnatal time

35 EPT-null mutants also show attenuated virulence in BALB/c mi

36 complete complementation of the white gun4-2 null mutant and a chlorotic phenotype comparable to gun4

37 Perturbed chlorophyll recycling in a Ycf39-null mutant and copurification of chlorophyll synthase a

38 e RD20, since they are abolished in the rd20 null mutant and in lines overexpressing RD20, in which p

39 ein analysis identified ttn(xu071) as a near-null mutant and the other six mutants as hypomorphic all

40 Using null mutants and flies with inducible RNAi, we show that

41 generated ORF33-null, ORF38-null, and double-null mutants and found that these mutants apparently hav

42 ur inability to generate L. amazonensis SODA null mutants and the lethal phenotype observed following

43 essing strain conferred motility upon a pagM null mutant, and proteinase K treatment eliminated motil

44 and spatial learning-memory defects in Kcna1-null mutants, and (3) raise the threshold for calcium-in

45 These defects are not seen in Eaat1-null mutants, and so they cannot be explained by loss of

46 Fig4 null mutant animals are viable but exhibit marked enlarg

47 e, inner ear, and axial skeleton; homozygous null mutant animals die perinatally.

48 We found that null mutant animals invariably died at around the time o

49 coholics and animals exposed to alcohol, and null mutant animals lacking certain innate immune genes

50 f xynA, and the expression of xynA in a xynX null mutant appeared to be higher, indicating that XynX

51 Strikingly, we find that msk-null mutants are depleted of the snRNP assembly factor,

52 enotypes between the CLPP3, CLPP4, and CLPP5 null mutants are discussed.

53 lin-28 null mutants are homozygous viable but display defects i

54 We found that rpaA-null mutants are inviable after several hours in the dar

55 vpr-1 null mutants are maternal effect sterile due to arrested

56 dicate that many synaptic defects in unc-104-null mutants are mediated independently of Unc-104's tra

57 Although we find evidence of cooperation, QS null mutants are not effective cheats in vivo and cannot

58 for stress-induced STATc activation, single null mutants are only marginally impaired, but the doubl

59 Of considerable interest, Kh1 null mutants are strongly compromised for growth as amas

60 clv1 null mutants are weaker in phenotype than clv3 mutants,

61 Strip1-null mutants arrest development at midgestation with pro

62 Loss of Emb14 function in the null mutant arrests embryogenesis at the early transitio

63 Furthermore, by utilizing atslp2 null mutant, AtSLP2 complemented and AtSLP2 overexpressi

64 iled to restore Syt1 function in a syt1(-/-) null mutant background, indicating both C2A and C2B are

65 rent domains of DEK1 using gene targeting in null mutant background.

66 er BK channel-dependent behaviors in a slo-1-null mutant background.

67 repression of PXMT1 is abolished in a mir163 null mutant, but the repression can be restored to wild-

68 f zebrafish Pcdh15a (CD1 and CD3) in pcdh15a-null mutants by assessing Pcdh15a transgene-mediated res

69 tosamine containing N-glycans of the TbGnTII null mutants by methylation linkage analysis suggests th

70 Here, we show that a sec3a exocyst subunit null mutant cannot be transmitted through the male gamet

71 ion electron microscopy, we found that PHO23 null mutant cells contain significantly more autophagoso

72 n contrast, autophagosomes generated in Rab5-null mutant cells normally fuse with lysosomes during th

73 e docking defect observed previously in syt1 null mutant cells, similar to wild type Syt1 (Syt1-wt).

74 c transmission, Syt1-R398/399Q (RQ), in syt1 null mutant cells.

75 horylation is indeed compromised in the H2Av null mutant, chromatin decondensation at heat shock loci

76 The Arabidopsis ClpS1 null mutant (clps1) lacks a visible phenotype, and no ge

77 he methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP)-null mutant CNB-1Delta20.

78 on and, combined with the recently completed null mutant collection, open the door for similar screen

79 otein (GFP)-labeled proteasomes in the yeast null-mutant collection.

80 genes are misregulated +/->2-fold in pacman null mutants compared to controls, in line with previous

81 man intestinal disease strains, since a nanI null mutant constructed in type A SD strain F4969 had lo

82 ic infection, we constructed a class 1 SPATE null mutant (Deltacrc1) in C. rodentium.

83 ore importantly, both DeltaFgSch9 and FgHog1 null mutant (DeltaFgHog1) exhibited increased sensitivit

84 Functional and genetic studies of a cluster null mutant (Deltalmxgt1-3) have dissected the roles of

85 ological and transcriptomic analyses of h1.3 null mutants demonstrate that H1.3 is required for both

86 ation of flowering by NB disappeared in ppd1-null mutants, demonstrating that this response is mediat

87 s to be an essential gene as the chromosomal null mutants did not survive.

88 ide a mechanistic explanation as to why rpaA-null mutants die in the dark, further connect the clock

89 components and FANCD2 and found that FANCD2-null mutants display higher levels of spontaneous chromo

90 Consistent with this, the sec-null mutant displayed reduced responses to GA and brassi

91 n was reduced by 70% in CAPS-1/CAPS-2 double null mutant (DKO) neurons and remaining fusion events re

92 SHARP1 and SHARP2 single null mutants do not display any cognitive phenotype supp

93 delayed the growth of wild-type but not sspA null mutant E. coli.

94 h the size of the ICM was unaffected in Fgf4 null mutant embryos, it entirely lacked a PrE layer and

95 Finally, EDNRB-null mutant ENS precursors enable modelling of HSCR-rela

96 ype D wild-type strain (WT), an isogenic ETX null mutant (etx mutant), and a strain where the etx mut

97 of UL97 and was considerably delayed in UL97-null mutants, even when E7 was expressed.

98 he wild type and in each of the single psb28 null mutants except for loss of RC47 in the absence of P

99 Although tsl null mutants exhibit a similar length delay in time to p

100 Both ops and brx null mutants exhibit defects in protophloem differentiat

101 A ybtPQ-null mutant exhibited no growth defect under standard cu

102 Furthermore, PfGMD null mutant exhibited normal growth and invasion rates,

103 The bloodstream-form TbGT11 null mutant exhibited significantly modified protein N-g

104 Further, ptrn-1 null mutants exhibited aberrant neurite morphology and s

105 s that can limit the infection, and an ORF52 null mutant exhibits increased cGAS signaling.

106 mplex and hybrid N-glycans, T. brucei TbGT11 null mutants expressed atypical "pseudohybrid" glycans,

107 using microarrays and PCR have shown that SM-null mutants fail to accumulate several lytic cycle mRNA

108 Recombinant ORF57-null mutants fail to accumulate several lytic cycle mRNA

109 In contrast, the gce(2.5k) null mutant females were courted similarly to control fe

110 ection in the epithelium of cultured Neurog3-null mutant fetal pancreas, permitting genetic complemen

111 Interestingly, ensc-null mutant flies also display defective centrosome sepa

112 Here, we generated Atg9 null mutant flies and found that loss of Atg9 led to sho

113 ise strongly at metamorphosis, and Adar(5G1) null mutant flies lack editing events in hundreds of CNS

114 NF and FW) were unable to complement an ICP8-null mutant for growth and replication compartment forma

115 e report the characterization of a T. gondii null mutant for the TgVP1 gene.

116 In this study, a human cell line conditional null mutant for topo IIalpha and a derivative expressing

117 GS proteins, as well as against the cysteine-null mutants for 10 of these proteins.

118 Null mutants for GCS (designated 'gcs-1') were viable as

119 iso4G in plant growth was investigated using null mutants for the eIF4G isoforms in Arabidopsis.

120 Choline-supplemented mice heterozygotic or null-mutant for Chrna7 failed to show improvement in sen

121 iddle, and late stages of differentiation of null mutants from the B. subtilis ordered knockout colle

122 Despite seedling lethality in the null mutant, GCS RNAi suppression lines with </=2% of wi

123 HSK null mutants generated in bloodstream forms displayed no

124 Significantly, a lmxgt1 null mutant, grown in abundant glucose, undergoes catast

125 A strain defective in all four systems (null mutant) had a severe growth defect under aerobic co

126 A perA null mutant has decreased conidia production, increased

127 The schA null mutant has increased and decreased trehalose and gl

128 ot an essential chlamydial gene and the pmpD null mutant has no detectable deficiency in cultured mur

129 soluble periplasmic protein and that a ctpA null mutant has specific phenotypes consistent with an a

130 Electron microscopy revealed that ptrn-1 null mutants have fewer MTs and abnormal MT organization

131 own to methylate the 16S rRNA, mraZ and mraW null mutants have no detectable phenotypes.

132 Whereas rnc3 and rnc4 null mutants have no visible phenotype, rnc3/rnc4 (rnc3/

133 Here we report that Epac1 null mutants have reduced white adipose tissue and reduc

134 plex, increases the replication of both ICP0-null mutant HSV-1 and pp71-deficient HCMV.

135 1 increases the infection efficiency of ICP0-null mutant HSV-1 by approximately 100-fold, thus streng

136 oteins to viral genome foci, stimulated ICP0-null mutant HSV-1 plaque formation to near wild-type lev

137 -LP, which targets Sp100, also augments ICP0-null mutant HSV-1 replication.

138 that replication and gene expression of ICP0-null mutant HSV-1 were cooperatively repressed by hDaxx,

139 on of PIAS4 enhances the replication of ICP0-null mutant HSV-1, which is susceptible to restriction b

140 1 and pp71 stimulate the replication of ICP0-null mutant HSV-1, while ICP0 increases plaque formation

141 together, almost completely complement ICP0 null mutant HSV-1.

142 vity of the wt protein in complementing ICP0 null mutant HSV-1.

143 trioles in delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin null mutant human cells lack triplet microtubules and fa

144 may not replicate the analgesic phenotype of null mutant humans and mice, but may be potentiated with

145 ransgenic rabbits latently infected with LAT-null mutant (i.e., LAT(-)TG).

146 ly higher than TG latently infected with LAT-null mutant (i.e., LAT(-)TG).

147 Both the two null mutants (I30A and L43A) were less stable to tempera

148 stress and this ability is impaired in TgVP1 null mutants implicating TgVP1 in osmoregulation.

149 A homozygous glx3 null mutant in C. albicans strain SC5314 displays greate

150 We isolated an Eh null mutant in Drosophila and used it to investigate the

151 In contrast, a null mutant in gamma34.5 failed to control IRF3 phosphor

152 donor is used in vivo, we generated an otsA null mutant in S. venezuelae The mutant had a cell densi

153 By constructing a fully segregated null mutant in vipp1 (SynPCC7002_A0294) in Synechococcus

154 y rescue the ER stress sensitivity of a hog1 null mutant in which the high osmolality pathway is disr

155 2's function was characterized by generating null mutants in C. neoformans.

156 cial selection mechanism that targets signal null mutants in coculture with signal producers.

157 In addition, null mutants in GRX6 display a more intense unfolded pro

158 n in intact parasites, we generated Deltaarg null mutants in L. donovani and evaluated their ability

159 ecapitulate the phenotypes of the respective null mutants in the developing nervous, vascular, and sk

160 and our data support the idea of their being null mutants, in contrast to previously described transc

161 and restores motility in the paralyzed sfpq null mutants, indicating a non-nuclear processing role i

162 ted in both homozygous and heterozygous Gdf5 null mutants, indicating that dendrite size and complexi

163 by genetically correcting Wg levels in Notum null mutants, indicating that Notum normally functions t

164 eproduced the neonatal lethality observed in null mutants, indicating that the defective diaphragm is

165 ative light electron microscopic analysis of null mutant-infected cells showed the presence of intran

166 In foxc1a null mutants, instead of converging with other nerves at

167 Intravaginal inoculation of the TC0668 null mutant into C3H/HeJ mice results in a typical cours

168 The null mutant is also sensitive to oxidative stress owing

169 An mntR null mutant is highly sensitive to Mn(II) intoxication,

170 Here, we show that an mntR null mutant is still sensitive to Mn(II) intoxication ev

171 ity remaining in the sperm of CAII- and CAIV-null mutants is 35% and 68% of that found in WT mice.

172 Pol I transcription in hpr1 or tho2 null mutants is dramatically reduced to less than 20% of

173 In dectin-1-null mutant (knock-out) mice, dieback of corticospinal t

174 In a null mutant, lack of IFT74 destabilized IFT-B, leading t

175 Previous studies have shown that the Hoxa3 null mutant lacks third pharyngeal pouch derivatives, th

176 in salivary glands from wild-type and JIL-1 null mutant larvae revealed that the expression levels o

177 In obst-A null mutant larvae, the assembly zone is strongly dimini

178 Genetically modified variants of the null mutant line were subsequently used to establish the

179 te the absence of nuclear fusion in the slp1 null mutant, meiosis proceeds efficiently in the two hap

180 ting light intensities, the Arabidopsis MET1 null mutant (met1) showed conditional reduced growth, ne

181 We show that FIH-1 null mutant mice exhibit delayed wound healing.

182 rn mice, effects not observed in D3 receptor null mutant mice mice.

183 s confirmed in control studies using subunit-null mutant mice or cell lines heterologously expressing

184 Correspondingly, Ndr2-null mutant mice show a Semaphorin 3A(-/-)-like phenotyp

185 iation is also evident in vivo, because Ndr2-null mutant mice show arbor-specific alterations of dend

186 Finally, whereas SLC10A4 null mutant mice were slightly hypoactive, they displaye

187 We examined STOML1 null mutant mice with a beta-galactosidase-neomycin cass

188 In the retina of Spata7 null mutant mice, a substantial reduction of RPGRIP1 lev

189 ces analgesia in both female and male Nav1.7-null mutant mice, as well as in a human Nav1.7-null muta

190 ot occur after a conditioning lesion in SLPI null mutant mice, indicating that expression of SLPI is

191 al osteoclast impairment also occurs in Msx2 null mutant mice, which is restored by overexpression of

192 ies have shown severe dental defects in DSPP-null mutant mice.

193 of reduced CYFIP2 expression in heterozygous null mutant mice.

194 involution and breast tumorigenesis in Snai2-null mutant mice.

195 airway contraction are abolished in Mrgprb2-null mutant mice.

196 rough neuropharmacological studies of Homer2 null mutant mice.

197 and in prostate tumors of Pten/Trp53 double-null mutant mice.

198 ocyte and osteoblast differentiation in Spop-null mutant mice.

199 Surprisingly, Katnb1 null mutant mouse embryos display hallmarks of aberrant

200 Our strategy to generate null mutant mouse ES cells is applicable to thousands of

201 rtially restore islet development in Neurog3-null mutant mouse pancreata.

202 nificance of CEACAM16, we created a Ceacam16-null mutant mouse.

203 A T-DNA-tagged null mutant mtppt-1 allele shows an embryo-lethal phenot

204 etion of myozap in vivo, we generated myozap-null mutant (Mzp(-/-)) mice.

205 Moreover, a CDR6/ROA1 null mutant, NKKY101, displayed increased susceptibility

206 A null mutant of 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (CHY4,

207 4,5), provided a means of generating an ftsZ null mutant of Escherichia coli.

208 oposide or infected by an E1B 55-kDa protein-null mutant of human adenovirus type 5 carry a large num

209 ulted in an embryo lethal phenotype, while a null mutant of methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase

210 This was the same phenotypic profile of the null mutant of Nhel, a monovalent cation/H(+)exchanger.

211 is study, we characterized cold tolerance of null mutant of RNA-DIRECTED DNA METHYLATION 4 (RDM4), wh

212 Phenotypes in the seipin-null mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae include aberrant

213 of Na(+)-dependent H(+) efflux in a Deltanhx null mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

214 An isogenic codY-null mutant of SM101 showed decreased levels of spore fo

215 For this study, we created an RNase III null mutant of Streptococcus pyogenes and its RNA sequen

216 of a dynein-dynactin-Spindly complex, and a null mutant of the dynactin pointed-end subunit p27 prev

217 the phenotype of partial male sterility of a null mutant of the plasma membrane isoform ACA9, thus pr

218 A double null mutant of the two Arabidopsis RanGAP homologs is ga

219 Null mutants of "super-rogue" psbA4 genes, divergent par

220 Null mutants of bciD, which encodes a putative radical S

221 Null mutants of FAE and homologs revealed that FAE and F

222 However, chromosomal null mutants of LdASNA could not be obtained as the doub

223 Null mutants of Msil_3603 and Msil_3606 can no longer gr

224 Null mutants of SCY2 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thalian

225 ombination of in vivo studies with three omp null mutants of Shigella flexneri, including classic pha

226 n patterns varied significantly between codY-null mutants of SM101 and CN3718.

227 , where GnTII activity is essential, TbGnTII null mutants of T. brucei grow in culture and are still

228 nd the analysis of forebrain-specific double null mutants of the Insulin and IGF1 receptors revealed

229 alcium-mediated signalling, but abolished in null mutants of the pH-responsive transcription factor P

230 sion with lysosomes is largely unaffected in null mutants of Vps38/UVRAG (UV radiation resistance ass

231 ocytosis in Leishmania, we tried to generate null-mutants of LdRab5a and LdRab5b parasites, but both

232 show reduced excitability whereas Adar(5G1) null mutant or targeted Adar knockdown motor neurons exh

233 ever, chromosome segregation fails in Smc5/6 null mutants or cells treated with small interfering RNA

234 l death were drastically reduced in the OXI1 null mutant (oxi1) and in the double mutant ch1*oxi1 com

235 PGC-1alpha and PGC-1beta compound null mutant (Pgc-1(c)) animals express less beta-like gl

236 d explains the aetiology of the even-skipped null mutant phenotype.

237 lly correspond to severe loss of function or null mutant phenotypes.

238 btained after cenh3 L130F-complemented cenh3-null mutant plants were crossed with wild-type A. thalia

239 effectively destabilize p53 complemented the null mutant poorly.

240 observe that T-cell-deficient (nude and Rag1-null mutant) pregnant mice do not exhibit pregnancy anal

241 The null mutants pro1, pro2, and pro3 were shown to have inc

242 A gE-null mutant produced enveloped virions, but these accumu

243 single and higher-order T-DNA insertion jaz null mutants provided further evidence that JAZ13 is a r

244 Lep(I14) rats recapitulate phenotypes of Lep-null mutant rats including obesity, hyperinsulinemia, he

245 Drosophila CaMKII-null mutants remain viable throughout development, enabl

246 e and plant knockout models, Drosophila Ime4-null mutants remain viable, though flightless, and show

247 s of LPG as predicted, whereas Deltafkp40(-) null mutants resembled wild type (WT).

248 ed that the expression of MCP2901 in the MCP-null mutant restored chemotaxis toward nine tested aroma

249 endonuclease, but not of different catalytic-null mutants, restores the cellular ability to degrade t

250 Surprisingly, passage of the null mutant resulted in rapid outgrowth of syncytial (Sy

251 Generation of molecularly defined null mutants revealed that loss of 8 out of 13 JmjC gene

252 ared the mRNA profiles of wild-type and lec1-null mutant seeds at several stages of development to de

253 In contrast, Nav1.8-null mutant sensory neurons show no upregulated Penk mRN

254 As a consequence, spl7 null mutants show morphological and physiological disord

255 The DeltaschA null mutant showed increased phosphorylation of SakA, th

256 an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) tip1;1 null mutant showed that resistance to TYLCV is severely

257 We found that parkin null mutants showed a significant overall slowing of mit

258 nslation in vivo and in vitro hrp38 and Parg null mutants showed an increased ectopic Nanos translati

259 lization of the ClpPR complex, whereas clpt2 null mutants showed only marginal destabilization.

260 Our current analysis of the Hoxa3 null mutant shows that organ-specific domains did underg

261 xplants and mouse embryonic fibroblasts from null mutants shows that the mesoderm migration defect is

262 A tsdA null mutant still slowly reduced, but could not grow on,

263 lypeptides in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT null mutant stimulated SPT activity from the Arabidopsis

264 gene expression decreased in the CN3718 codY-null mutant strain but significantly increased in the SM

265 vity, because killed bacteria and a protease-null mutant strain of S. aureus were unable to penetrate

266 ut significantly increased in the SM101 codY-null mutant strain, demonstrating CodY-dependent regulat

267 Unc13A(null) mutants suffered from inefficient, delayed and EGT

268 he same sensitivity toward the wild-type and null mutants suggesting its effect is not through bindin

269 nconi anemia complementation group L (FANCL)-null mutants, suggesting that FANCD2 provides a basal le

270 le of rescuing filopod formation in the myo7-null mutant, supporting fundamental functional conservat

271 Mael129-null mutant testes possess low levels of piRNAs derived

272 lar distribution of an overexpressed phospho-null mutant, TH1-S31A, was restricted to the soma of neu

273 reverse genetics approach to generate a pmpD null mutant that was used to define the role of PmpD in

274 Here, using single- and double-null mutants, the constitutively synthesized ERF-VIIs RE

275 further dissected, we need a precise genetic null mutant to definitively map its amorphic phenotypes.

276 While the null mutant used heme as an iron source in vitro, we dem

277 ycle, we engineered a recombinant KSHV ORF52-null mutant virus and found that loss of ORF52 results i

278 Surprisingly, ICP0-null mutant virus yields decreased upon TRIM27 depletion

279 in cells infected with a newly isolated UL32-null mutant virus, suggesting that UL32 acts as a chaper

280 When the uvr8-1 null mutant was exposed to UV-B, stomata remained open,

281 In support of this, the null mutant was only moderately attenuated in an infant

282 The schA null mutant was sensitive to rapamycin, high concentrati

283 Notably, however, the pmpD null mutant was significantly attenuated for macaque eye

284 The null mutant was unable to infect mice indicating that sa

285 A newly generated UL32-null mutant was used to confirm that although B capsids

286 echanistic basis for nanI expression, a nanR null mutant was used to demonstrate that NanR, a member

287 3 present in cells infected by an E1B 55-kDa-null mutant were similar.

288 This was challenged by observations that gO-null mutants were defective on all of these cell types,

289 In addition, nine Bacillus subtilis PBP-null mutants were evaluated with the goal of identifying

290 in further insight, cells infected with UL16-null mutants were examined by electron microscopy.

291 Previously, imaA-null mutants were found to induce an elevated inflammato

292 The TgVP1 null mutants were more sensitive to extracellular condit

293 However, null mutants were recovered at very low frequency, and c

294 owever, when expressed in an Arabidopsis phy-null mutant, wheat PHYC forms signaling active homodimer

295 restore proper symbiotic features in a symrk null mutant where rhizobial invasion of the epidermis an

296 t in cardiolipin biosynthesis, only the crd1-null mutant, which accumulates phosphatidylglycerol, dis

297 ygosity with ABCB4(A286V), ABCB4(A953D), and null mutants, whose symptoms cover the spectrum of chole

298 P tagging by CRISPR-Cas9 or with rescue of a null mutant with a GFP fusion, this approach enables rou

299 using RNA from either wild type M145 or the null mutant with a primer complementary to rpsO.

300 s T-DNA insertion mutants were identified as null mutants with early embryonic lethal phenotypes that