ライフサイエンスコーパス: optic nerve

1 n ultrasonic pulse was then delivered to the optic nerve.

2 most basal retinal layer where they form the optic nerve.

3 eduction in nerve conduction velocity in the optic nerve.

4 send information to the brain nuclei via the optic nerve.

5 ble effects of ES on both the retina and the optic nerve.

6 ic gliomas relative to normal non-neoplastic optic nerve.

7 ntion if it does not threat visual acuity or optic nerve.

8 urons of the retina and their axons form the optic nerve.

9 e long-lasting effects on the retina and the optic nerve.

10 ganglion cells, the axons of which form the optic nerves.

11 Axonal loss was confirmed in postmortem AD optic nerves.

12 rther used to validate a grading app for the optic nerves.

13 ppeared ovoid on MRI and the father had thin optic nerves.

14 eyes with abnormalities (64.7%), followed by optic nerve abnormalities in 8 eyes (47.1%), bilateral i

15 l macular and perimacular lesions as well as optic nerve abnormalities in most cases.

16 Anterior segment and retinal, choroidal, and optic nerve abnormalities were documented using a wide-f

17 severe infantile onset myoclonus, hypotonia, optic nerve abnormalities, dysphagia, apnea, and early d

18 (95% CI, 76%-94%) had important macular and optic nerve abnormalities.

19 ote axonal regeneration and sprouting of the optic nerve after crush and of supraspinal tracts after

20 her the cross-sectional area of the affected optic nerve after optic neuritis nor the damage in optic

21 d (iii) the impact on visual outcome of both optic nerve and brain post-optic neuritis changes.

22 ceptors in oligodendrocytes derived from the optic nerve and forebrain cultured either alone or in th

23 mage vision through neurodegeneration in the optic nerve and in its fibres in the retina.

24 ering a non-contact concussive injury to the optic nerve and induce TON in mice.

25 iltration of CD45-positive leukocytes in the optic nerve and initiation of a gliotic response.

26 Moreover, immunostainings and dot blots of optic nerve and myelin showed that expression of Rtn4b i

27 Visualization and interpretation of the optic nerve and retina are essential parts of most physi

28 Optic nerve and retinal abnormalities were the most freq

29 nifestations, including visual loss from the optic nerve and retinal disease, visual field loss from

30 acterized by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

31 coloboma was present in 2 eyes and combined optic nerve and retinochoroidal coloboma in 6 eyes.

32 extension beyond the resection margin of the optic nerve and scleral involvement, but only the former

33 KLF9 and JNK3 in regenerative failure in the optic nerve and suggest new therapeutic strategies to pr

34 The optic nerve and the cells that give origin to its 1.2 mi

35 pace within the orbit, which impinges on the optic nerve and/or eye in affected individuals.

36 netic resonance imaging findings outside the optic nerves and 142 controls (30 healthy individuals, 4

37 ninvasive therapeutic modality for the eyes, optic nerves and brain.

38 cases GFP(+) axons extending within the host optic nerves and optic tract, reaching usual synaptic ta

39 flammatory demyelinating lesions confined to optic nerves and spinal cord (OSE mice).

40 racterized by predominant involvement of the optic nerves and spinal cord.

41 mbers of small, unmyelinated and degenerated optic nerves as well as loss of retinal ganglion cells i

42 widespread hypomyelination in the brain and optic nerve, as well as in poor motor coordination in a

43 Brain and spinal cord MRI and optic nerve assessments from patients with typical CIS s

44 ous aspects of the reactive phenotype within optic nerve astrocytes.

45 o, smaller cross-sectional areas of affected optic nerves at 3 months post-optic neuritis predicted l

46 alities not seen in p110delta knockouts (eg, optic nerve atrophy and skeletal anomalies) that we ascr

47 ons, greater in patients with early residual optic nerve atrophy, even after adjusting for optic radi

48 ation revealed macular pigment stippling and optic nerve atrophy.

49 des corneal haze and progressive retinal and optic nerve atrophy.

50 retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and consequent optic nerve atrophy.

51 istered ST266 accumulated in rodent eyes and optic nerves, attenuated visual dysfunction, and prevent

52 egrees to +45 degrees) relative to the fovea-optic nerve axis.

53 We also demonstrate age-related loss of optic nerve axons and specifically mRGC loss and patholo

54 KEY POINTS: Optic nerve axons get less excitable with warming.

55 eurons, markedly reduced loss of neurons and optic nerve axons in a mouse model of glaucoma.

56 In wild-type (WT) optic nerve axons, 25% of mitochondria-SER associations

57 ea at Fwk 8, reached the eccentricity of the optic nerve by Fwk 12, and was present to both nasal and

58 tom script segmented the RNFL; the fovea and optic nerve center were manually selected.

59 retardation, early onset epileptic seizures, optic nerve/cerebellar atrophy, pedal oedema, and early

60 on (OGD)] 72 h later, using acutely isolated optic nerves (CNS WM tracts) from the preconditioned (ip

61 ears of age with CNV and retinochoroidal and optic nerve coloboma from 1995-2015 who underwent OCT im

62 s (CNVs) associated with retinochoroidal and optic nerve coloboma using optical coherence tomography

63 An optic nerve coloboma was present in 2 eyes and combined

64 t the temporal margin of retinochoroidal and optic nerve colobomas closest to the fovea has not been

65 there are structural differences within the optic nerve complex between these groups.

66 t 24 weeks, measured as recovery of affected optic nerve conduction latency using full-field visual e

67 astrocytes with the nodes of Ranvier in the optic nerve, corpus callosum, and spinal cord of young a

68 c nerve fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (optic nerve cross-sectional area); (ii) optic nerve prot

69 mmunohistochemistry in retinas, and axons in optic nerve cross-sections of 14 neuropathologically con

70 ole of MMPs in axonal regeneration following optic nerve crush (ONC) in adult zebrafish, which fully

71 increased survival of retinal neurons after optic nerve crush (ONC) in rodent models of visual syste

72 lammation and RGC survival following partial optic nerve crush (pONC) injury.

73 Using mouse optic nerve crush as a model for CNS traumatic injury, w

74 etinal ganglion cell axon regeneration after optic nerve crush in mice.

75 However, when combined with retro-orbital optic nerve crush injury, lengthy growth of severed reti

76 neuroinflammation and delayed RGC loss after optic nerve crush injury.

77 tinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration after optic nerve crush remained unaffected upon microglia dep

78 Optic nerve crush rescued the circadian period of Myk/+

79 of dead labeled retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush, but remarkable had no influence on th

80 inal ganglion cell axonal regeneration after optic nerve crush.

81 (SCI), as well as axonal regeneration after optic nerve crush.

82 Additionally, we found 5 novel loci for optic nerve cup area and 6 for disc area.

83 We found that inner retinal layer thinning, optic nerve cupping and reduced visual cortex activity o

84 ted intraocular pressure (IOP), which causes optic nerve damage and retinal ganglion cell death, is t

85 hronic disease characterized by irreversible optic nerve damage and visual field loss that leads to v

86 Evaluation of structural optic nerve damage is a fundamental part of diagnosis an

87 nce to aqueous humor drainage, elevated IOP, optic nerve degeneration and blindness.

88 d IOP for 3-7 wk, a stage when little RGC or optic nerve degeneration was observed.

89 ons regenerate successfully in the zebrafish optic nerve despite the presence of Rtn4b, the homologue

90 ur understanding of the mechanisms governing optic nerve development and Six3-mediated eye and forebr

91 During optic nerve development, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axo

92 rder, were nystagmus associated with retinal/optic nerve disease in 23 (32.4%), idiopathic or congeni

93 pathic and nystagmus associated with retinal/optic nerve disease were the most common presentations,

94 non-neuronal cells is common in retinal and optic nerve disease.

95 g or restoring vision in several retinal and optic nerve diseases.

96 find out whether lack of myelination in the optic nerve during development has an effect on normal f

97 The MRI findings showed optic nerve enlargement in 3 patients and contrast enhan

98 Inclusion of optic nerve evaluation resulted in similar sensitivity (

99 and juxtacortical lesions, and inclusion of optic nerve evaluation.

100 ement, and corneal pachymetry; slit-lamp and optic nerve examination; automated visual field testing;

101 Several genetic risk factors for POAG and optic nerve features have been identified.

102 nts exhibit a progressive axonal loss in the optic nerve fiber layer.

103 Optic nerve findings included hypoplasia with the double

104 Fundus hemorrhages were most commonly optic nerve flame hemorrhages (48%) and white-centered r

105 s performed (and metrics obtained) were: (i) optic nerve fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (optic n

106 is required for RGC differentiation and for optic nerve formation in mice in vivo, and is sufficient

107 Optic nerve from EAE and optic chiasm from MS also showe

108 ABSTRACT: Raising the temperature of optic nerve from room temperature to near physiological

109 When myelinated optic nerves from conditional NMDA receptor mutants are

110 his validation study compared the grading of optic nerves from smartphone images with those of a digi

111 ools are available to thoroughly investigate optic nerve function, allowing unparalleled access to th

112 ents with AIDS have an abnormality of retina/optic nerve function, manifested as decreased contrast s

113 the physical changes that may occur when an optic nerve glioma is present, we employed atomic force

114 terplay between physical properties of mouse optic nerve gliomas and the extracellular matrix.

115 Recent studies have revealed that girls with optic nerve gliomas are five times more likely to lose v

116 We obtained OCT images of the optic nerve head (24 radial scans) and peripapillary ret

117 imaging optical coherence tomography of the optic nerve head (24 radial scans) was performed.

118 nerves on examination received SDOCT of the optic nerve head (24 radial scans).

119 To ascertain deformation of the optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary tissues caused

120 ed with automated perimetry or a clinician's optic nerve head (ONH) assessment.

121 tudy was to evaluate the association between optic nerve head (ONH) parameters and branch retinal vei

122 that leads to characteristic changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) region, such as nasalization of v

123 The optic nerve head (ONH) shape, retinal nerve fiber layer

124 evelop at birth, expanding radially from the optic nerve head (ONH) towards the retinal periphery.

125 ness (RNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCC) and optic nerve head (ONH) were measured in one eye of 57 gl

126 between scans, approximately 30 mum) of the optic nerve head (ONH) were obtained in both eyes of cli

127 A) and central cross-sectional images of the optic nerve head (ONH) were obtained using EDI-SDOCT.

128 erence tomography (SD OCT) of the macula and optic nerve head (ONH), infrared reflectance, fundus aut

129 luate the vessel density measurements of the optic nerve head (ONH), peripapillary, and macular regio

130 of 445 participants underwent SD-OCT of the optic nerve head (ONH), visual field testing, and clinic

131 ONC, propagating from the injury site to the optic nerve head and finally the entire retina within on

132 al vision loss and structural changes of the optic nerve head and retinal ganglion cells is the hallm

133 th the 1-mm central retina thickness and the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer, and visu

134 of diseases characterised by cupping of the optic nerve head and visual-field damage.

135 y be caused by microvascular ischemia at the optic nerve head and/or at the posterior pole and may se

136 oantibody concentrations against retinal and optic nerve head antigens in the serum of glaucoma patie

137 Reactive remodeling of optic nerve head astrocytes is consistently observed in

138 Intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic nerve head characteristics are used clinically to

139 nd hence to prevent progressive glaucomatous optic nerve head damage.

140 red within an annulus region centered at the optic nerve head divided into superior and inferior hemi

141 To investigate the prevalence of optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) in clinically normal subj

142 nized as the most sensitive tool to diagnose optic nerve head drusen (ONHD).

143 D Ia), DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), cataract and optic nerve head drusen (ONHD).

144 ossible structural changes of the macula and optic nerve head in the free eyes of unilateral cured re

145 dients along anomalous communications in the optic nerve head induce migration of fluid into the adja

146 ancy between the visual field defect and the optic nerve head morphology, however, led us to a vascul

147 enous RGCs, with axons orienting towards the optic nerve head of the host retina and dendrites growin

148 s demonstrated retinal vascular attenuation, optic nerve head pallor, and mottling of retinal pigment

149 lary nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and optic nerve head parameters compared to the control grou

150 the ganglion cell inner plexiform layer and optic nerve head parameters, also are useful for progres

151 atio (r = 0.61; P < 0.001) and several other optic nerve head parameters.

152 we show that six6b (associated with POAG and optic nerve head variation) alters the expression of cdk

153 y, and the characteristics of the retina and optic nerve head were analyzed.

154 (RNFL), and volumetric OCT scans through the optic nerve head with standard spectral-domain (SD OCT)

155 epithelium, outer part of the retina and the optic nerve head within 24-hours, in both groups of anim

156 nts of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), optic nerve head, and macula for assessing glaucoma prog

157 ures, such as the individual retinal layers, optic nerve head, choroid, and lamina cribrosa.

158 ness (PCT) from circle scans centered on the optic nerve head.

159 c damage to the choroidal, outer retinal and optic nerve head.

160 lting in large scotomata that connect to the optic nerve head.

161 expression in retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve head.

162 d on the angle of nerve fiber entry into the optic nerve head.

163 or sclera, and posterior pole containing the optic nerve head.

164 diagnosed ONHD and EDI SD OCT imaging of the optic nerve head.

165 signaling and other immune responses in the optic nerve head.

166 tical coherence tomography of the macula and optic nerve head.

167 overing a 6.7 x 6.7-mm2 area centered at the optic nerve head.

168 OAG either through IOP or via changes to the optic nerve head; here we present evidence that some gen

169 w (<10 mmHg) intraocular pressure (22%), and optic nerve hypoplasia (4%).

170 tion of transcription factor Six3 results in optic nerve hypoplasia and a wide repertoire of RGC axon

171 rpus callosum, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, optic nerve hypoplasia and mild ventriculomegaly.

172 est visual acuity, associated with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia, had a BRAF mutation.

173 cost smartphone adapter were able to acquire optic nerve images at a standard that enabled independen

174 A total of 2152 optic nerve images were available from both methods (als

175 Advances in optic nerve imaging-particularly retinal digital photogr

176 n 3 patients and contrast enhancement of the optic nerve in all patients.

177 ral retina and choroid in case 1; and in the optic nerve in case 4.

178 ropriate signals cross the bottleneck of the optic nerve in changing stimulus conditions.

179 revealed unexpected damage to the retina and optic nerve in chemically burned eyes.

180 (vitritis and retinal infiltration), whereas optic nerve infiltration (ONI) is a rare condition.

181 Optic nerve infiltration is an atypical and challenging

182 Median progression-free survival after optic nerve infiltration was 11 months (95% CI, 9-13 mon

183 Demyelinating optic nerve inflammation, termed optic neuritis, induces

184 consistently observed in glaucoma and other optic nerve injuries.

185 omotes long-distance axon regeneration after optic nerve injury and uncover a novel and important KLF

186 In this study, we performed optic nerve injury in adult naked mole-rats, the longest

187 f different microglia phenotypes in a murine optic nerve injury model.

188 uction of regeneration associated genes upon optic nerve injury nor the increased regenerative potent

189 death in RGCs, including in a mouse model of optic nerve injury, and show that the same pathway is ac

190 n-like pattern and are upregulated following optic nerve injury, but the presence of Nogo-A does not

191 scription factor Sox11 as a key player after optic nerve injury-in DLK signaling of RGC cell death, a

192 ells (RGCs) promotes axon regeneration after optic nerve injury.

193 the anatomic and functional consequences of optic nerve injury.

194 ation and elongation of axon re-growth after optic nerve injury.

195 tic RGC survival and axon regeneration after optic nerve injury.

196 NgR became upregulated in RGCs following optic nerve injury.

197 tal ridge directly above the entrance of the optic nerve into the bony canal.

198 g massive choroidal invasion and postlaminar optic nerve invasion (n = 219), volume and diameter show

199 % CI: 0.71, 0.85; P < .0001) for postlaminar optic nerve invasion (n = 375) and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.57, 0

200 that were associated with anaplasia included optic nerve invasion (P < .0001), choroidal invasion (P

201 shows a strong association with postlaminar optic nerve invasion and a moderate association with mas

202 ermined metastatic risk factors (postlaminar optic nerve invasion and massive choroidal invasion).

203 assive choroidal invasion in 14, postlaminar optic nerve invasion in 51 [26 with concomitant massive

204 12 with scleral invasion without postlaminar optic nerve invasion, and 7 with tumor at the resection

205 e (>/= 3 mm) choroidal invasion, postlaminar optic nerve invasion, invasion of optic nerve transectio

206 e (>/=3 mm) choroidal invasion, retrolaminar optic nerve invasion, or combined non-massive choroidal

207 nonmassive choroidal and prelaminar/laminar optic nerve invasion, or scleral/extrascleral infiltrati

208 non-massive choroidal and prelaminar/laminar optic nerve invasion.

209 Of 178 patients without optic nerve involvement (tumor >1 disc diameter from opt

210 Optic nerve involvement and tumors greater than 8 mm wer

211 as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease where optic nerve involvement has, until recently, been a rela

212 further refine the criteria should focus on optic nerve involvement, validation in diverse populatio

213 in 9 eyes (12%) were the commonest signs of optic nerve involvement.

214 Malformations of the optic nerve lead to reduced vision or even blindness.

215 in a day, whereas partial transection of the optic nerve led to MRI detection of degrading anterograd

216 However, although the repopulation of the optic nerve lesion site by astrocytes was significantly

217 r sustained periods in lizard RGCs following optic nerve lesion.

218 ation revealed hyperemia and swelling of the optic nerve, macular edema, diffuse intraretinal hemorrh

219 neration; (ii) the predictive value of early optic nerve magnetic resonance imaging measures for late

220 ges over time and associations between early optic nerve measures and 1-year global optic radiation/c

221 Preconditioned mouse optic nerves (MONs) showed better functional recovery af

222 o regenerate markedly in the spinal cord and optic nerve more than those from C57BL/6 mice and show g

223 l segments in the cortex or cerebellum or at optic nerve nodes of Ranvier of Scn1b(W/W) mice.

224 lth Centers detected high rate of suspicious optic nerves, ocular hypertension, and retinal pathology

225 rast, tau was depleted from RGC axons in the optic nerve of glaucomatous eyes.

226 eroids and decreased density of axons in the optic nerve of the aged (6-month-old) Mcoln1(-/-) mice,

227 myelination, we analyzed the spinal cord and optic nerves of 2-year-old rats by light and electron mi

228 ucleation and biopsied the frontal lobes and optic nerves of a macaque experimentally infected with v

229 Participants with normal optic nerves on examination received SDOCT of the optic

230 res (p </= 0.001 for all); the exception was optic nerve (ON) description.

231 ocyte rolling and adhesion in veins near the optic nerve (ON) head at 9 hours after ON injury.

232 an also decrease their length in response to optic nerve (ON) shortening during Xenopus laevis metamo

233 Disorders of the optic nerves (optic neuropathies) are some of the most c

234 celerates DRG neurite outgrowth in vitro and optic nerve outgrowth in vivo by inducing elements of th

235 trabismus (52%), macular degeneration (72%), optic nerve pallor (68%), and vascular changes (64%) wer

236 ession and severity of macular degeneration, optic nerve pallor, and vascular attenuation between hom

237 been implicated in guiding various steps of optic nerve pathfinding, however much less is known abou

238 cellular matrix remodeling in other, related optic nerve pathological states, we found decreased expr

239 A subset of optic nerve photographs were regraded by 3 glaucoma spec

240 However, in the optic nerve, plp1 is normally expressed, and consequentl

241 c nerve proton density-lesion length); (iii) optic nerve post-gadolinium T1-weighted (Gd-enhanced les

242 eas none of the inflammatory measures of the optic nerve predicted changes in optic radiations.

243 The optic nerve, present in 2 of the eyes, demonstrated atro

244 In the optic nerve, pro-inflammatory markers were upregulated w

245 ery (optic nerve cross-sectional area); (ii) optic nerve proton density fast spin-echo (optic nerve p

246 hanced lesion length at baseline and greater optic nerve proton density-lesion length at 1 year were

247 ) optic nerve proton density fast spin-echo (optic nerve proton density-lesion length); (iii) optic n

248 ticulate form of beta(1, 3)-glucan] promotes optic nerve regeneration comparable to zymosan in WT mic

249 d in RGC development, promotes long-distance optic nerve regeneration in adult rats of both sexes.

250 Similarly, optic nerve regeneration was completely unaffected, alth

251 rent study shows that lens injury-stimulated optic nerve regeneration was significantly compromised i

252 CRMP2(T/A) in GSK3(S/A) RGCs further boosted optic nerve regeneration, with axons reaching the optic

253 hosphorylation of CRMP2 in RGCs and improved optic nerve regeneration.

254 ges slightly, but significantly, compromised optic nerve regeneration.

255 he prevalent requirement of active CRMP2 for optic nerve regeneration.

256 ful restoration of functional vision through optic nerve regenerative therapies.

257 consider not only the informativeness of the optic nerve responses, but also the amount of informatio

258 rterial emboli to the ophthalmic system with optic nerve, retinal and choroidal involvement causing l

259 A biopsy of the right optic nerve revealed glioblastoma.

260 ription-3 (STAT3), whereas astrocytes in the optic nerve robustly occupy and fill the lesion area day

261 c neuropathy (TON) is an acute injury of the optic nerve secondary to trauma.

262 utomated, parameter-free, and rapid on whole optic nerve sections at 40x.

263 e to human experts on 100x and 40x images of optic nerve sections obtained from multiple strains of m

264 e tool, AxonJ, which quantifies the axons in optic nerve sections of rodents stained with paraphenyle

265 Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) evaluated in CT imagi

266 nICP was assessed using optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), venous transcranial

267 ons in DNM1L jeopardize the integrity of the optic nerve, suggesting that alterations of the opposing

268 rve involvement (tumor >1 disc diameter from optic nerve), the mean (SD) largest basal diameter was 1

269 with tremor, cerebellar vermis atrophy, and optic-nerve thinning.

270 ses of myelinated fibers within the pinniped optic nerve, those with thick myelin sheaths (elephant s

271 he stiffness of healthy versus tumor-bearing optic nerve tissue.

272 rize these tumors relative to non-neoplastic optic nerve tissue.

273 cedure obtained sufficient macaque brain and optic nerve tissues to detect PrP.

274 degrees to +15 degrees on the axis from the optic nerve to fovea, with radii of 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, and 1

275 ls (RGCs) send distinct messages through the optic nerve to the brain.

276 , neurons that project their axons along the optic nerve to the brain.

277 nning laser ophthalmoscopy demonstrated that optic nerve transection in Long-Evans rats increased sup

278 ostlaminar optic nerve invasion, invasion of optic nerve transection, combined nonmassive choroidal a

279 Currently, there are no existing optic nerve treatment methods for disease or trauma that

280 ce imaging (MRI) showed a right intraorbital optic nerve tumor without a brain lesion.

281 ircuit whereby afferent light signals in the optic nerve ultimately drive iris-sphincter-muscle contr

282 ea and did not reach the eccentricity of the optic nerve until midgestation.

283 community resource augmenting studies of the optic nerve using mice.

284 ), mice develop optic gliomas with increased optic nerve volumes, glial fibrillary acid protein immun

285 er axon count nor axon ultrastructure in the optic nerve was affected.

286 dendrites, while tau in RGC axons within the optic nerve was depleted.

287 16 mm or a height greater than 8 mm when the optic nerve was involved.

288 mpy mutant mice, myelination of axons in the optic nerve was mostly absent.

289 espread demyelination of the spinal cord and optic nerves, we also show that thinly remyelinated axon

290 infiltrate, and atrophic changes within the optic nerve were consistently present.

291 m the fovea and more than 1 DD away from the optic nerve were included in this study.

292 c moduli of non-neoplastic and tumor-bearing optic nerves were approximately 3 and approximately 6 kP

293 1-mo-old P0-CNS optic nerves were more sensitive to oxygen-glucose depri

294 7 with tumor at the resection margin of the optic nerve) were evaluated at the time of primary or se

295 axonal mitochondria, SER, and MTs in rodent optic nerves where PLP is replaced by the peripheral ner

296 FA of eyes with PE showed leakage of the optic nerve, whereas eyes with suspected buried ODD demo

297 l electron microscopy, we show that in mouse optic nerve, which is a pure and fully myelinated WM tra

298 reover, the functional integrity of isolated optic nerves, which are electrically silent, is extended

299 y eliminated microglia in murine retinae and optic nerves with high efficiency.

300 d apply programmed electrical stimulation to optic nerves with minimum mechanical side effects to the