ライフサイエンスコーパス: orangutan

1 great apes (chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan).

2 1 human haplotype and that of chimpanzee and orangutan.

3 1 human haplotype and that of chimpanzee and orangutan.

4 as well as in one common chimpanzee and one orangutan.

5 rative sequence was determined from a female orangutan.

6 ion of human and great-ape lineages from the orangutan.

7 ropeans) and in one chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan.

8 o sequenced in one common chimpanzee and one orangutan.

9 relative of human, chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan.

10 ationship of human, chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan.

11 age and the quantitative abilities of adult orangutans.

12 underlie the variation at alpha-2 globin in orangutans.

13 th an additional fixed substitution found in orangutans.

14 cognitive difference between chimpanzees and orangutans.

15 bdivision was identified within the Sumatran orangutans.

16 ed from a chimpanzee, gibbons, gorillas, and orangutans.

17 els of 10 Bornean orangutans and 19 Sumatran orangutans.

18 st, the locus is monomorphic in macaques and orangutans.

19 ave serum IgAs of gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans.

20 diversity in humans and chimpanzees, but not orangutans.

21 n recent integrations within chimpanzees and orangutans.

22 species, including humans, chimpanzees, and orangutans.

23 nnaires used earlier to rate chimpanzees and orangutans.

24 Four orangutans (1 juvenile, 2 subadults, and 1 adult) and te

25 Samples from 10 chimpanzees, 3 orangutans, 1 gorilla, 1 rhesus macaque, 1 mangabey, and

26 hesus monkeys (12-lipoxygenating ALOX15) and orangutans (15-lipoxygenating ALOX15), express an ALOX15

27 Old World primates (now found in the Bornean orangutan) a pericentric inversion and centromere shift

28 ite divergence estimates inferred from human-orangutan alignments of neutrally evolving genomic seque

29 By using human-chimpanzee-orangutan alignments, inferences can be made about both

30 Under the assumption that the orangutan and African apes diverged 13 million years ago

31 Orangutan and chimpanzee field studies suggest that like

32 pecific KIRs evolved first, being present in orangutan and functionally like their human counterparts

33 gnized sequences from the human and from the orangutan and gibbon revealed wide overlap of elements a

34 In other species, such as the orangutan and gibbon, FISH signals were only identified

35 the following species: chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan and macaque.

36 ed, including two important primate species, orangutan and marmoset, bringing the total to 46 assembl

37 New species in the past year include orangutan and six additional low coverage mammalian geno

38 eles and haplotypes for panels of 10 Bornean orangutans and 19 Sumatran orangutans.

39 63 chimpanzees, 11 bonobos, 48 gorillas, 37 orangutans and 2 gibbons and observed undescribed variat

40 cultural lives of chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans and consider the ways in which this knowledge

41 glutamine microsatellites in chimpanzees and orangutans and found three nonsynonymous single nucleoti

42 e also show that the non-human HBV clades in orangutans and gibbons resulted from cross-species trans

43 s of DNA from humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and macaques (HCGOM), Patterson et al. sugges

44 sues within and between humans, chimpanzees, orangutans and rhesus macaques.

45 plying horizontal transfer of information in orangutans and show that a number of social learning pro

46 egion in chimpanzees, bonobos, a gorilla, an orangutan, and a baboon.

47 ogous U2-LTRs in human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and baboon and examined numerous homologs of

48 ne in common and pygmy chimpanzees, gorilla, orangutan, and baboon was sequenced to study the evoluti

49 of tandemly repeated sequence in the human, orangutan, and chimpanzee as well as a loss of approxima

50 a CMT1A-REP-like sequence, whereas gorilla, orangutan, and gibbon have a single copy.

51 ious nonhuman primates (chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and gibbon).

52 king sequence in human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and macaque genomes.

53 FISH analyses of human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and macaque reveal qualitative and quantitati

54 terparts and to available sequenced gorilla, orangutan, and Old World monkey counterparts, and, on a

55 analyzed in one chimpanzee, one gorilla, one orangutan, and one Old World monkey.

56 o had potentially viable ORFs in chimpanzee, orangutan, and rhesus macaque, underscoring their potent

57 A array using probes from human, chimpanzee, orangutan, and rhesus.

58 uman, common and pygmy chimpanzees, gorilla, orangutan, and siamang) were analyzed.

59 human nuclear background, whereas mtDNA from orangutan, and species representative of Old-World monke

60 a biochemical effect of the substitution in orangutans, and because of its presence solely in the Su

61 ed methods in the tissues of rhesus monkeys, orangutans, and humans.

62 s no features suggesting clear affinities to orangutans, and instead reveals a morphological pattern

63 slow growth and low rate of reproduction in orangutans, and may be an evolutionary response to sever

64 rons of the AMGX and AMGY genes from humans, orangutans, and squirrel monkeys and estimated that the

65 ion of the human and rhesus and three in the orangutan, any one of which could be responsible for ina

66 nd Western gorillas and Sumatran and Bornean orangutans appear to have experienced gene flow since th

67 Orangutans are the largest habitually arboreal mammal.

68 their noncoding flanking sequences in human, orangutan, baboon, and colobus.

69 primate species (human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, baboon, rhesus, and macaque) in a way that is

70 everal primates: human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, baboon, rhesus, and macaque.

71 have generally agreed it should be defined, orangutans behaved as individual and creative problem so

72 we document similar geographic variation in orangutan behaviors.

73 anzee individual, with data for gorillas and orangutans being anecdotal.

74 factor of activated T cells); chimpanzee and orangutan BILF1 molecules were unable to activate NFAT.

75 , 17, and 17 repeats in the gibbon, gorilla, orangutan, bonobo, neanderthal, and human Liat1, respect

76 al gyrus of chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan brains through direct cytoarchitectonic compar

77 Results suggest that orangutans but not squirrel monkeys possess Stage 6 obje

78 green pigment genes of Old World monkeys and orangutans but was present in intron 1 of both the green

79 hat of chimpanzees and bonobos, gorillas and orangutans by approximately 400, 635 and 820 kcal day(-1

80 The orangutan C1-specific KIR reacts or cross-reacts with al

81 The results of this study demonstrate that orangutans can recognize, or learn to recognize, relevan

82 The orangutan chose 1 of the quantities, which was removed,

83 scovered that the well-known polymorphism of orangutan chromosome 12 was due to the presence of an EN

84 Haplotypes from 28 orangutan chromosomes were collected from a 1.46-kilobas

85 ominids (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans), comparative studies suggest a surprising nu

86 quences from cat, lynx, elephant, gopher and orangutan complement the previous database of sequences

87 ic inversion is needed to derive the Bornean orangutan condition.

88 diversity in fossil and extant apes and for orangutan conservation and reintroduction programs.

89 on that may be interpreted in the context of orangutan conservation efforts.

90 We find no evidence for nestedness in the orangutan cultural data.

91 Moreover, two of the orangutans demonstrated this within the first test trial

92 ive organization strategy was found, but the orangutans developed a right-to-left spatial response st

93 Results indicate that orangutans did not display conservation in the strict se

94 Although orangutans did not show conservation in the strict sense

95 Orangutans did not use the simple strategy of selecting

96 onvergent adaptation between chimpanzees and orangutans (digital elongation) and comparatively little

97 internalized, BILF1 from the chimpanzee and orangutan displayed an altered cellular localization pat

98 Our results suggest that although orangutans do make use of disturbed forest, they select

99 e currently recognized: Sumatran and Bornean orangutans, eastern and western gorillas, and chimpanzee

100 Here, we show that Sumatran orangutans employ unique locomotor strategies to control

101 These results suggest that orangutans exhibit a degree of technical knowledge and c

102 related "great apes" (bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) express several CD33-related Siglecs on thei

103 ere, we test this hypothesis comparing human/orangutan genome-wide non-coding divergence (K) to that

104 Our analyses of 37 orangutan genomes provided a second line of evidence.

105 lite births/deaths in human, chimpanzee, and orangutan genomes, using macaque and marmoset as outgrou

106 This is particularly true for orangutans (genus: Pongo), the only Asian great apes and

107 NA and mtDNA encoded complex I subunits from orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee, human and all available

108 duced vocalizations from infant and juvenile orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos, as well

109 and species-associated chimpanzee and gibbon/orangutan groups.

110 ound to carry three or four GAA repeats, the orangutans had four or five GAA repeats, and the gorilla

111 In this context, the orangutan has particular relevance because it represents

112 Although each orangutan has spontaneously used tools in the past, the

113 We sequenced the genome of an orangutan homozygous for the ENC, and we focused our ana

114 in 16 chimpanzees, 3 bonobos, and 2 Bornean orangutans; however, 9 chimpanzees and 6 Sumatran orangu

115 e distantly related species, including human-orangutan, human-baboon, and human-macaque.

116 rved differences in energy expenditure among orangutans, humans, and other mammals reflect known diff

117 molecular evolution compared to gorillas and orangutans in the regions analyzed.

118 Despite activity levels similar to orangutans in the wild, Great Ape Trust orangutans used

119 mpanzees, four bonobos, 14 gorillas, and six orangutans, in which interpretable MSY sequence ranges f

120 Orangutan inhibitory MHC-C-reactive KIRs pair with activ

121 ned analyses support a new classification of orangutans into three extant species.

122 n which chimpanzee is closest to the humans; orangutan is a clear outgroup of human, chimpanzee, and

123 The orangutan is the world's largest arboreal mammal, and im

124 ctive well-being in humans, chimpanzees, and orangutans is ancestral in catarrhine primates.

125 ranio-mandibular and dental characters of an orangutan killed in a human-animal conflict to those of

126 Orangutan KIR corresponding to the three KIR lineages ex

127 The orangutan KIR haplotypes have between 5 and 10 KIR genes

128 Orangutans lack C2 and C2-specific KIRs, but have a uniq

129 The seven orangutan lineage III KIR genes all locate to the centro

130 easured daily energy expenditure (kCal/d) in orangutans living in a large indoor/outdoor habitat at t

131 ors from EBV and LCVs from NHPs (chimpanzee, orangutan, marmoset, and siamang) were selected for mult

132 Results suggest that enculturated orangutans may not possess social-cognitive abilities si

133 ating isoforms are found in higher primates (orangutans, men), and these results suggest an evolution

134 For those orangutan MHC class I allotypes that are detected by hum

135 The data demonstrate that each orangutan MHC haplotype has one copy of the MHC-A gene,

136 e and complicated transcription profiles for orangutan MHC-A, -B, and -C.

137 his correlates with the observation that all orangutan MHC-C allotypes examined have the C1 motif.

138 movement among all age and sex classes, with orangutans more likely to move in directions of increase

139 of the flexibility of the supports on which orangutans moved.

140 rest canopy were the dominant determinant of orangutan movement among all age and sex classes, with o

141 (Light Detection and Ranging) to understand orangutan movement in disturbed and fragmented forests o

142 at least four occasions; in chimpanzees and orangutans, MSY2 contains only two units.

143 Nest-building orangutans must daily build safe and comfortable nest st

144 Experiment 3, we endowed bonobos (N = 4) and orangutans (N = 5) with either one or 12 food items.

145 te the mechanical design and architecture of orangutan nests and determine the degree of technical so

146 onstrate that, compared to the average human/orangutan non-coding divergence (K=3%), the substitution

147 On the other hand, human/orangutan non-coding divergence at the Xp/Yp pseudoautos

148 split in the evolutionary history of extant orangutans occurred approximately 3.38 mya between the B

149 an-animal conflict to those of 33 adult male orangutans of a similar developmental stage, we found co

150 ing humans, great apes (chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan), Old- and New-World monkeys (macaque and marm

151 imary visual area in humans, chimpanzees, an orangutan, Old World monkeys, and New World monkeys.

152 In Experiment 2, performance of orangutans on double invisible displacements and control

153 zees previously tested on the same task, the orangutans optimized their performance.

154 proposed models ranging from African ape to orangutan or generalized Miocene ape-like.

155 es are structurally more derived than either orangutan or human genomes.

156 lete sequence of the chimpanzee, gorilla and orangutan orthologues should be deducible solely through

157 Designation of Bornean and Sumatran orangutans, P. pygmaeus (Linnaeus 1760) and P. abelii (L

158 ler cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) expressed by orangutan peripheral blood cells were examined by clonin

159 The orangutan Plasmodium parasite is a plausible selective a

160 data to evaluate the extent to which Bornean orangutans Pongo pygmaeus come down from the trees to tr

161 ts, protect adequate habitat for the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) and Bornean elephant (Elephas

162 CLC beta-galactoside binding sites from both orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) and murine (Mus musculus) gen

163 y data for the critically endangered Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), allowing a deeper understand

164 periments, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), and human infants (Homo sapi

165 troglodytes), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus).

166 roteins from EDN from sequences derived from orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus, oEDN) and Old World monkey (M

167 es, PTR), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla, GGO) and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus, PPY).

168 al transmission of information in 15 captive orangutans (Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus) using a sim

169 his study, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and orangutans (Pongo abelii) either had to determine the lo

170 ist learning and memory to determine whether orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus x P. abelii) would show evide

171 The authors tested orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and squirrel monkeys (Saimir

172 ve gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and 19 captive orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and were compared with chimp

173 In this study, the authors presented 2 orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) with a quantity judgment tas

174 from 2 gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), 4 orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), 14 chimpanzees (Pan troglod

175 anzees (Pan troglodytes), a group of 2 adult orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), and a group of 36 children

176 ences were studied for the two subspecies of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), which are located in Borneo

177 assessed in two human-reared (enculturated) orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus).

178 children, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus).

179 re we report daily energy use in free-living orangutans (Pongo spp.) and test whether observed differ

180 evelopment on biodiversity [1, 4, 5], and on orangutans (Pongo spp.) in particular, have been well do

181 rigid or flexible properties was explored in orangutans (Pongo spp.) through an extension of D.J. Pov

182 report reliable ages at M1 emergence for the orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus (4.6 y), and the gorilla, Gori

183 ly considered to be a relative of the extant orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus.

184 Our analysis revealed that Bornean orangutan populations have declined at a rate of 25% ove

185 important implications for the management of orangutan populations in captivity and in the wild, and

186 al value for the long-term sustainability of orangutan populations.

187 r putative cultural traits in chimpanzee and orangutan populations.

188 n bonobos, Western chimpanzees, and Sumatran orangutans-populations that have experienced recent gene

189 Orthologous to Patr-AL are polymorphic orangutan Popy-A and the 5' part of human pseudogene HLA

190 e is similar to the expressed A locus in the orangutan, Popy-A, suggesting they are orthologous.

191 Ala) and 15-lipoxygenating (man, chimpanzee, orangutan, rabbit, ratLeu353Phe) ALOX15 variants and fou

192 mouse, and adds seven additional organisms: orangutan, rat, cow, pig, horse, platypus and Arabidopsi

193 Orangutans react to branch flexibility like humans runni

194 proximately 9 Mb of human chromosome 21 with orangutan, rhesus macaque, and woolly monkey DNA sequenc

195 evolution of CD80 genes derived from human, orangutan, rhesus monkey, baboon, cat, cow, and rabbit b

196 dy, the molecular population genetics of the orangutan's alpha-2 globin (HBA2) gene were investigated

197 errestrial locomotion is part of the Bornean orangutan's natural behavioural repertoire to a much gre

198 provide additional information regarding the orangutan's position on the evolutionary tree of Pongida

199 Orangutans select different tactics for repairing failed

200 riant sites among the human, chimpanzee, and orangutan sequences.

201 utans; however, 9 chimpanzees and 6 Sumatran orangutans showed neither the 9.1-kb+ nor the 9.1-kb- al

202 howing population-level right-handedness and orangutans showing population-level left-handedness.

203 In Experiment 1, orangutans solved all visible displacements and most inv

204 southernmost range limit of extant Sumatran orangutans south of Lake Toba, is distinct from other no

205 f the MHC class I gene repertoire in the two orangutan species, Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus, is p

206 cause of its presence solely in the Sumatran orangutan species, the mutation may be associated with r

207 , found in both the Bornean and the Sumatran orangutan subspecies, was associated with different alte

208 ologous portions of CAPN10 in chimpanzee and orangutan (the identity of sites 43 and 19 was further i

209 C1-bearing MHC-C from MHC-B, as informed by orangutan, the focus changes to MHC-C and its cognate li

210 ficantly constrained relative to that of the orangutan, the Old World monkey, and the mouse, but not

211 In contrast, MHC haplotypes of orangutans, the Asian great ape species, exhibit variati

212 In Sumatran orangutans, the overall genomic diversity is approximate

213 Orangutans, therefore, attend to differences in magnitud

214 genes in 10 humans, one chimpanzee, and one orangutan to (i) provide an average estimate of nucleoti

215 15 million years in the higher primates from orangutan to human.

216 The capacity of orangutans to come down from the trees may increase thei

217 n humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans to test the hypothesis that the human lineage

218 t it allows the most arboreal great ape, the orangutan, to access supports too flexible to be negotia

219 Chimpanzee and orangutan TRIM5alpha proteins functionally resembled hum

220 of these homologous sites was identified; in orangutan two sites were identified, while gibbon exhibi

221 During construction orangutans use the fact that branches only break half-wa

222 r to orangutans in the wild, Great Ape Trust orangutans used less energy, relative to body mass, than

223 d cells purified from human, chimpanzee, and orangutan, using digestion with a methylation-sensitive

224 ific alpha satellite in chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, vervet, macaque, and baboon.

225 ition, the mutational spectrum in humans and orangutans was estimated as 63% AG (and CT), 17% AC (and

226 In contrast, chimpanzees and 1 orangutan were successful in using video to guide their

227 Older orangutans were less accurate than the young and middle-

228 Three captive orangutans were presented with three unfamiliar pairs of

229 d canopy gap size influenced terrestriality, orangutans were recorded on the ground as frequently in

230 e in gene expression among human, chimp, and orangutan, which suggested an accelerated rate of diverg

231 two samples of chimpanzees and one sample of orangutans) whose well-being was assessed by raters fami

232 e in chimpanzees, one in gorillas and one in orangutans with derived allele frequencies of 0.01, 0.26

233 ghly detailed visual observations of Bornean orangutans with high-resolution airborne remote sensing

234 members (humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans), with the most notable differences between t

235 ASMT (K=6.5%) genes located in the human and orangutan Xp/Yp pseudoautosomal region (p-PAR), where re