ライフサイエンスコーパス: orexigenic

1 We report that orexigenic AAPDs potently and selectively activate hypot

2 ceramide synthesis with myriocin negated the orexigenic action of ghrelin and normalized the levels o

3 ese data suggest that estradiol inhibits the orexigenic action of ghrelin in females, that weight gai

4 stradiol dependent because E2 attenuated the orexigenic action of ghrelin in OVX female and male rats

5 Here, we demonstrate that the orexigenic action of ghrelin is totally blunted in CPT1C

6 We reasoned that the orexigenic action of NPY would be evident in C57Bl/6J mi

7 H) is one major brain site that mediates the orexigenic action of NPY.

8 Recent data suggest that ghrelin exerts its orexigenic action through regulation of hypothalamic AMP

9 of the syndecan interaction perfectly tracks orexigenic action.

10 static and hedonic eating behaviors, and its orexigenic actions occur mainly via binding to the only

11 neurons may be one mechanism underlying the orexigenic actions of dynorphin.

12 ave been found to play critical roles in the orexigenic actions of ghrelin, including hypothalamic nu

13 ng Kir6.2 in the vagal ganglia abolished the orexigenic actions of ghrelin.

14 en suggested as a possible mechanism for the orexigenic actions of KOR agonists.

15 urons, highlighting their importance for the orexigenic actions of MCH.

16 releasing factor (CRF), or urocortin; or the orexigenic actions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) or peptide YY

17 This mechanism might underlie in part CB1 orexigenic actions under physiopathological conditions a

18 Whether AgRP neurons exert their orexigenic actions, at least in part, by inhibiting anor

19 In the current article, we review ghrelin's orexigenic actions, the evidence linking ghrelin to food

20 upregulated in obese animal models, and its orexigenic activity is accentuated in rodents fed a high

21 For example, the potent orexigenic activity of NPY is believed to be mediated by

22 discovered neuropeptide which exerts similar orexigenic activity, thus playing an important role in e

23 a novel human RF-amide-related peptide with orexigenic activity.

24 ound in the hypothalamus and exhibits potent orexigenic activity.

25 Ghrelin has profound orexigenic, adipogenic, and somatotrophic properties, in

26 receptor (MC4R) whereas AGRP is an opposing orexigenic agent.

27 Both nutritional support and orexigenic agents play a role in the management of cache

28 leus of the hypothalamus (ARH) that contains orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and anorexigeni

29 anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, electr

30 adult Magel2-null mice, while the density of orexigenic agouti-related peptide fibers in the mutant m

31 hought to cause starvation after ablation of orexigenic agouti-related peptide neurons in adult mice.

32 lanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and orexigenic Agouti-related protein (AgRP) from discrete h

33 a number decrease but their size increase in orexigenic agouti-related protein (Agrp) neurons during

34 rtin (POMC)-expressing and hunger signaling (orexigenic) agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neu

35 t fasting and chemical-genetic activation of orexigenic AgRP neurons in the hypothalamus suppress the

36 e blood-brain barrier and directly activates orexigenic AgRP(+) neurons via a cAMP-dependent pathway.

37 weight regulation is mediated by a number of orexigenic and anorectic neuronal systems in the hypotha

38 heral signals such as leptin and a number of orexigenic and anorectic neuropeptides.

39 down-regulation and up-regulation of larval orexigenic and anorexigenic genes, respectively, an up-r

40 ignificant reductions in the density of both orexigenic and anorexigenic neural projections to the pa

41 on "fasting-induced" changes of hypothalamic orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptide mRNAs, repeated

42 pression revealed comparable upregulation of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides in rats that w

43 al" in hypothalamic neurons that express the orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides that regulate

44 atterns, normal basal levels of hypothalamic orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides, and no impair

45 g behavior by altering the expression of key orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides.

46 brainstem PPG cells and their regulation by orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides.

47 modulating expression of other receptors for orexigenic and anorexigenic regulatory peptides at the l

48 Since NPY neurons are orexigenic and are active during fasting, the M-current

49 NPY's orexigenic and malaise-inducing properties were tested i

50 t the hypothesis that exogenous NPY has both orexigenic and malaise-inducing properties.

51 Together with the orexigenic and thermogenic effects of CART, this finding

52 cyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and the orexigenic antagonist agouti-related protein (AGRP).

53 We have recently identified that ghrelin, an orexigenic anti-inflammatory peptide, can partially reve

54 minergic neurons mediated not only ghrelin's orexigenic, antidepressant-like, and food-reward behavio

55 To maintain energy homeostasis, orexigenic (appetite-inducing) and anorexigenic (appetit

56 ound in the hypothalamus and exhibits potent orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) activity.

57 olved overexpression of genes in the central orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) pathway, peripheral li

58 describe the functional interactions between orexigenic (appetite-stimulating: MCH and NPY) and anore

59 t CFLIR in agouti related peptide-expressing orexigenic ARC neurons is basally elevated in db/db but

60 uired for the acute or chronic regulation of orexigenic ARC neurons, and the activation of STAT3-medi

61 hat are mediated by the release of GABA from orexigenic ARC neurons.

62 level of excitatory synaptic input to these orexigenic cells is mediated by GABA.

63 arcuate nucleus (ARC), that we show makes an orexigenic contribution.

64 The lowest systemically effective orexigenic dose of ghrelin was investigated and the resu

65 10 microl) or previously established maximal orexigenic dose of peptides (1 microg=1 nmol/rat), brain

66 istent with the idea that leptin provides an orexigenic drive through the NAG system to help rapidly

67 nsatory mechanisms are developed to maintain orexigenic drive.

68 volved in regulating stress responsivity and orexigenic drives by moderate caloric restriction experi

69 intake following the observation of an acute orexigenic effect after central administration in mice.

70 in is the only known gut peptide exerting an orexigenic effect and has thus received much attention a

71 Ghrelin has a short-term orexigenic effect but may also be a marker of food intak

72 26RFa((20-26)) and exerted a longer lasting orexigenic effect in mice.

73 y of a selective GHSR antagonist blocked the orexigenic effect of circulating ghrelin and blunted reb

74 In addition, we show that the orexigenic effect of ghrelin is lost in mice lacking MRA

75 The orexigenic effect of i3vt AgRP was absent in ADX rats an

76 dministration of alpha-MSH prevents only the orexigenic effect of MCH, as we have previously shown, b

77 inistration of neurotensin prevents only the orexigenic effect of MCH, but does not prevent the appet

78 ore sensitive than intact female rats to the orexigenic effects of both centrally (intra-third ventri

79 inistration of GLP-1 completely prevents the orexigenic effects of both MCH and NPY.

80 ever, unlike nor-BNI, GNTI did not alter the orexigenic effects of butorphanol or NPY.

81 GNTI did not reduce the orexigenic effects of butorphanol, an agonist that binds

82 , an undesirable effect, perhaps because the orexigenic effects of insulin release predominated over

83 Because the orexigenic effects of NPY have been ascribed to actions

84 dered probable sites of action mediating the orexigenic effects of systemically or intracerebroventri

85 s study demonstrates that independent of its orexigenic effects, chronic AGRP treatment decreased BAT

86 is considered to be the active form for its orexigenic effects.

87 anchor AgRP near its receptor, enhancing its orexigenic effects.

88 (decrease, 18%; P = 0.04), elevations in the orexigenic factor ghrelin (increase, 28%; P < 0.04), and

89 either AgRP nor NPY is a critically required orexigenic factor, suggesting that other pathways capabl

90 express agouti-related protein (AgRP) sense orexigenic factors and orchestrate an increase in food-s

91 postnatal establishment of leptin-responsive orexigenic fibers from ARH to multiple hypothalamic nucl

92 l and pancreatic satiation peptides, and the orexigenic gastric hormone ghrelin.

93 Ghrelin is an orexigenic gastric peptide hormone secreted when caloric

94 5 and 1, 2, respectively, while that of the orexigenic genes NPY and CaMKK2 was down-regulated by th

95 diets, induced transcriptional reduction of orexigenic genes, upregulation of anorexigenic genes, an

96 recently been discovered as only the second orexigenic gut hormone after ghrelin.

97 The orexigenic gut hormone ghrelin and its receptor are pres

98 Ghrelin, the only known orexigenic gut hormone, is secreted mainly from the stom

99 have dysregulated circulating levels of the orexigenic hormone acyl-ghrelin and attenuated postprand

100 Orexigenic hormone ghrelin and anorexic hormone obestati

101 on of glutamate release was triggered by the orexigenic hormone ghrelin and exhibited hysteresis, per

102 The orexigenic hormone ghrelin has been shown to stimulate t

103 The orexigenic hormone ghrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide de

104 We have previously demonstrated that the orexigenic hormone ghrelin is expressed by immune cells

105 The orexigenic hormone ghrelin, a potential antagonist of th

106 fication with a fatty acid side chain is the orexigenic hormone ghrelin.

107 We conclude that Insl5 is an orexigenic hormone released from colonic L-cells, which

108 nic function, asprosin is a centrally acting orexigenic hormone that is a potential therapeutic targe

109 Ghrelin, a gut-derived orexigenic hormone, is an endogenous ligand of the growt

110 We have recently shown that ghrelin, a novel orexigenic hormone, is reduced in sepsis.

111 Ghrelin is the only known circulating orexigenic hormone.

112 Orexigenic hormones, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)

113 A number of orexigenic hypothalamic neurons release dynorphin along

114 Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) is an orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptide, which plays an imp

115 y expenditure, likely through suppression of orexigenic hypothalamic pathways.

116 urocortin 2 described previously, including orexigenic, locomotor, and anxiety-related effects in a

117 In contrast, endocannabinoids are orexigenic mediators that act via cannabinoid CB1 recept

118 Glut4 neuron ablation affects orexigenic melanin-concentrating hormone neurons but has

119 Rats received chronic i.c.v. infusion of the orexigenic melanocortin receptor antagonist, SHU9119 (0.

120 nd body weight, by releasing three different orexigenic molecules: AgRP; GABA; and neuropeptide Y.

121 igenic neurons in the PVN, revealing a basic orexigenic nature of these cells.

122 ed extensively to examine the underlying NPY orexigenic neural pathways.

123 cuate nucleus, a subset of which express the orexigenic neuronal marker, Neuropeptide-Y, and respond

124 ease and instead due to direct activation of orexigenic neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypotha

125 Leptin directly suppresses the activity of orexigenic neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (

126 Dopamine excited orexigenic neurons that synthesize agouti-related peptid

127 in are integrated by anorexigenic but not by orexigenic neurons.

128 late and characterize the M-current in these orexigenic neurons.

129 is correlated with a decreased expression of orexigenic neuropeptide (Npy and Agrp) genes in the hypo

130 gh the hypophagia promoted expression of the orexigenic neuropeptide agouti related protein (AgRP) in

131 rs (MC3/4R); the prevailing view is that the orexigenic neuropeptide agouti-related peptide (AgRP) ex

132 Further, CTRP13 and the orexigenic neuropeptide agouti-related protein (AgRP) re

133 ed leptin signaling and leptin regulation of orexigenic neuropeptide expression in the hypothalamus.

134 striction alone reduced Ctrp13 and increased orexigenic neuropeptide gene (Npy and Agrp) expression i

135 The orexigenic neuropeptide ghrelin is an endogeneous ligand

136 Surprisingly, absence of the orexigenic neuropeptide NPY fails to alter feeding or bo

137 d intake, body weight, and mRNA level of the orexigenic neuropeptide NPY.

138 Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is an orexigenic neuropeptide produced by neurons of the later

139 we sought to investigate the role of MCH, an orexigenic neuropeptide specifically expressed in the la

140 melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), another orexigenic neuropeptide system located in the LHA that i

141 Therefore, these orexigenic neuropeptide systems are potential candidates

142 n and insulin, 2) activation of hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptide systems NPY, AGRP, orexin (OX) a

143 ated protein (AGRP) is a recently discovered orexigenic neuropeptide that inhibits the binding and ac

144 The expression of the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamus to t

145 In contrast, kisspeptin inhibits orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons through an indir

146 The DMH contains orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, but the role of

147 had similar inhibitory effects on identified orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons.

148 Orexigenic neuropeptide Y was inhibitory by pre- and pos

149 ion channel; and reduced inhibition by local orexigenic neuropeptide-Y/GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

150 are capable of detection and integration of orexigenic (neuropeptide Y [NPY]) and anorexigenic (mela

151 ing-induced effects on the expression of key orexigenic (neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein) a

152 the effects of C75 on the expression of key orexigenic [neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein

153 r, C75, rapidly suppresses the expression of orexigenic neuropeptides [neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agout

154 tion of AMPK inhibits mRNA expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides Agouti-related peptide and mela

155 nd ultimately enhances the expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides agouti-related protein (AgRP) a

156 These include the orexigenic neuropeptides AgRP and NPY for specifying AgR

157 sults showed a loss in glucose regulation of orexigenic neuropeptides and an abnormal expression of a

158 S), blocked fasting-induced up-regulation of orexigenic neuropeptides and down-regulation of anorexig

159 tarragon extract PMI-5011 activated Klf4 and orexigenic neuropeptides and reduced peripheral insulin

160 atment with ceramide induced food intake and orexigenic neuropeptides expression in CPT1C KO mice.

161 (NPY) and Agouti-related protein (AgRP), two orexigenic neuropeptides known to stimulate food intake

162 up-regulation of expression of hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptides neuropeptide Y and agouti-relat

163 or increased hypothalamic expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides NPY and MCH.

164 the projection pattern and association with orexigenic neuropeptides suggest that brainstem PYY neur

165 e decreased feeding, decreased expression of orexigenic neuropeptides, protection from high-fat diet-

166 ntrast to those seen with well-characterized orexigenic neuropeptides, such as NPY and AgRP, suggesti

167 glucokinase activity affected release of the orexigenic neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y in response t

168 own signal that drives the expression of the orexigenic NPY signal within the DMH, and that the chron

169 pposite ways, increasing the activity of the orexigenic NPY/AgRP neurons and decreasing the activity

170 gulation, respectively, of the expression of orexigenic (NPY and AgRP) and anorexigenic (POMC and CAR

171 i.c.v. C75 on the expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY and AgRP) and anorexigenic (proopiomelan

172 In contrast, the orexigenic opioid agonists [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly-o

173 ges by brain cells and subsequent release of orexigenic or anorexigenic neuropeptides, is a crucial p

174 ulating a switch between states that promote orexigenic or anorexigenic signalling through mechanisms

175 c activity, stress, or circulating levels of orexigenic or satiety factors.

176 The orexigenic peptide Agouti Related Peptide (AgRP) also pr

177 ior will be attenuated in the absence of the orexigenic peptide AgRP.

178 Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a well-established orexigenic peptide and hypothalamic paraventricular nucl

179 A new orexigenic peptide called hypocretin (orexin) has recent

180 nd that deletion of a gene encoding a single orexigenic peptide can result in leanness.

181 Ghrelin, a novel 28-amino acid orexigenic peptide discovered in 1999, has given us furt

182 The recently discovered orexigenic peptide ghrelin is produced primarily by the

183 d megestrol acetate and emerging data on the orexigenic peptide ghrelin, in human cachexia and wastin

184 This interaction links the orexigenic peptide hormone ghrelin to lipid transport an

185 a marked sensitivity during gestation of the orexigenic peptide neurons to low nicotine doses that ma

186 signal for increasing the expression of the orexigenic peptide neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothala

187 lso exhibit increased gene expression of the orexigenic peptide neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothala

188 e to third ventricular (3V) infusions of the orexigenic peptide neuropeptide Y 3-36 in awake, freely

189 As AgRP and the orexigenic peptide NPY are coexpressed in neurons of the

190 Ghrelin, a potent orexigenic peptide released from the stomach, is propose

191 awley rats examined the possibility that the orexigenic peptide systems, enkephalin (ENK) and orexin

192 Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is a potent orexigenic peptide that antagonizes the melanocortin-3 a

193 The agouti-related protein (AgRP) is an orexigenic peptide that plays a significant role in the

194 Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide that stimulates food intake by activa

195 agouti-related protein (Agrp) is a powerful orexigenic peptide, but little is known about its transc

196 ral nucleus of the amygdala, OX, and another orexigenic peptide, melanin-concentrating hormone, in th

197 presynaptically to stimulate release of the orexigenic peptide, neuropeptide Y, and other neurotrans

198 , whereas neuropeptide Y (NPY), a well-known orexigenic peptide, stimulates it.

199 The failure of an increase in orexigenic peptides and higher thermogenesis may contrib

200 ease of ghrelin may stimulate the release of orexigenic peptides and neurotransmitters, thus represen

201 The orexigenic peptides hypocretin (orexin) and melanin-conc

202 take (FI) occurs concomitant with changes in orexigenic peptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) and ano

203 by hypothalamic neuropeptides that promote (orexigenic peptides) or inhibit feeding.

204 igher expression levels and synthesis of the orexigenic peptides, enkephalin, orexin and melanin-conc

205 day 15 (P15), showed increased expression of orexigenic peptides, galanin, enkephalin, and dynorphin,

206 ration of 2-DG alters gene expression of the orexigenic peptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and endogenous

207 In addition to orexigenic peptides, NPY neurons also release the inhibi

208 t food intake and hypothalamic expression of orexigenic peptides.

209 proportion of the new neurons expressed the orexigenic peptides.

210 tion, and addressed the possibility that the orexigenic potency of SHU9119 is simply masked by the re

211 These data suggest an unexpected robust orexigenic potential for the ZI GABA neurons.

212 coupled receptor, has been reported to have orexigenic properties through activation by the endogeno

213 signals and their constitutive expression of orexigenic receptors and neuropeptides.

214 entral MC3/4-R, but did not produce an acute orexigenic response by itself.

215 tion of [FG]N/OFQ(1-13)NH(2) does not affect orexigenic response to N/OFQ.

216 tors as the most likely mediators of the NPY orexigenic response.

217 weight BT, a dose known to induce a maximal orexigenic response.

218 Orexigenic responses to 2-AG were attenuated by AM251, a

219 of feeding by comparing rats' anorectic and orexigenic responses to naloxone and butorphanol, respec

220 ggesting a physiologic role of motilin as an orexigenic signal from the gastrointestinal tract.

221 europeptide Y (NPY) is a potent hypothalamic orexigenic signal, and leptin secreted by adipocytes reg

222 eptide Y (NPY) is the most potent endogenous orexigenic signal.

223 ts in the central nervous system as a potent orexigenic signal.

224 inactivation of hypothalamic AMPK, decreased orexigenic signaling in the hypothalamus, increased ener

225 ctions of BDNF with central anorexigenic and orexigenic signaling pathways and evidence of recognized

226 rmonal and nutrient-derived anorexigenic and orexigenic signals and in energy balance.

227 ) causes obesity, it has been suggested that orexigenic signals are more redundant than those limitin

228 gal blockade is proposed to inhibit aberrant orexigenic signals arising in obesity as a putative mech

229 upled receptor Gpr17 as an effector of FOXO1 orexigenic signals in AgRP neurons.

230 al role of MCH and to test the redundancy of orexigenic signals, we generated mice carrying a targete

231 ggesting decreased sensitivity to additional orexigenic signals.

232 pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) subtypes, and an orexigenic somatostatin neuron population.

233 Pharmacological intervention directed at the orexigenic system may prove to be an attractive avenue t

234 bodies that is brought about by increases in orexigenic systems, there are also effects at the ARH to

235 pression of AgRP by cooperating with the key orexigenic transcription factors glucocorticoid receptor

236 of NPY (50 pmol) and ghrelin (50 pmol) were orexigenic while UcnI (10-40 pmol) reliably suppressed f