ライフサイエンスコーパス: osmolarity

1 ed with hypoosmotic medium (30% reduction in osmolarity).

2 ute content of their surroundings (i.e., the osmolarity).

3 s between measured osmolality and calculated osmolarity.

4 mpatible solutes to counteract extracellular osmolarity.

5 cosR is regulated by ionic strength and not osmolarity.

6 east in response to changes in extracellular osmolarity.

7 egulation, enabling long-term growth at high osmolarity.

8 drolase production in response to changes in osmolarity.

9 r glycerol levels during changes in external osmolarity.

10 d similarly to abrupt changes in cytoplasmic osmolarity.

11 ive response to alterations in environmental osmolarity.

12 all, physiologically relevant, reductions in osmolarity.

13 r activation, and changes in temperature and osmolarity.

14 antly was increased even when controlled for osmolarity.

15 ficantly to the independent estimate of tear osmolarity.

16 ar motors under stepwise changes in external osmolarity.

17 thway are redundant for survival in moderate osmolarity.

18 TviA altered flhDC expression in response to osmolarity.

19 la, the Vi antigen and T3SS-1 in response to osmolarity.

20 flhDC transcription sensitive to changes in osmolarity.

21 testinal tract depends on adaptation to high osmolarity.

22 exhibited reduced growth at elevated medium osmolarity.

23 siae signaling pathway that responds to high osmolarity.

24 stress genes were not induced at physiologic osmolarity.

25 multiple transporters for choline under high osmolarity.

26 , and can be reversed by decreasing external osmolarity.

27 ling these bacteria to avoid regions of high osmolarity.

28 icient to stabilize the plasmid, even at low osmolarity.

29 rylated OmpR (OmpR-P), depending upon medium osmolarity.

30 cell to achieve long-term adaptation to high osmolarity.

31 Z and rscB-rscC, which respond to changes in osmolarity.

32 y accumulate solutes to increase cytoplasmic osmolarity.

33 g the cell from sudden decreases in external osmolarity.

34 an diseases caused by perturbations in fluid osmolarity.

35 umulates to counterbalance the high external osmolarity.

36 cillations as a staircase of ever-increasing osmolarity.

37 espond differently to hypertonic NaCl versus osmolarity.

38 ular surface alterations using OSDI and tear osmolarity.

39 lls did not induce autophagy with increasing osmolarity.

40 Main outcome measures were OSDI and tear osmolarity.

41 erol levels at a wide range of extracellular osmolarities.

42 sis over a wide range of external or dietary osmolarities.

43 es by characterizing the effects of external osmolarity (0.3 M versus 0.0 M NaCl) and temperature (43

44 One [calculated osmolarity = 1.86 x (Na(+) + K(+)) + 1.15 x glucose + ur

45 ccating stress: significantly increased tear osmolarity (315.7 +/- 3.0 vs 327.7 +/- 5.1 mOsm/L, P = .

46 180 mM [Na(+)](o) required ACSF with higher osmolarity (345-355 mOsm), at which the firing rate incr

47 n PCHCE cells exposed to media of increasing osmolarity (350-450 mOsM) for 24, 48, and 72 hours.

48 Of 38 predictive equations used to calculate osmolarity, 4 equations showed reasonable agreement with

49 Hog1 perfectly adapts to changes in external osmolarity, a feature robust to signaling fidelity and o

50 isms exposed to the damaging effects of high osmolarity accumulate solutes to increase cytoplasmic os

51 ne whether Cl(-), in addition to maintaining osmolarity, actively participates in signaling pathways

52 , a transcriptional regulator controlling an osmolarity adaptation response was identified.

53 Tear osmolarity also was measured.

54 utcome measures were mean change in (1) tear osmolarity and (2) DED symptoms (Ocular Surface Disease

55 kinase C (PKC1) also responds to changes in osmolarity and cell wall integrity.

56 uli sensed by the ASH neurons including high osmolarity and chemical repellents, indicating a specifi

57 nction after LASIK may induce an increase in osmolarity and consequently raise the concentration of p

58 -0.091; P = .38) or between changes in tear osmolarity and corneal fluorescein staining (R = -0.02;

59 For tear osmolarity and corneal fluorescein staining the scores f

60 e to alleviate the inhibitory effect of high osmolarity and eliminated the accumulation of [(14)C]gly

61 the yeast model, stress factors such as high osmolarity and heat shock, calorie restriction, or inhib

62 EFAs, for 3 months, resulted in reduced tear osmolarity and increased tear stability in people with D

63 Mean osmolarity and its variability calculated from a linear

64 repeat proteins are dramatically induced by osmolarity and mediate interactions with host extracellu

65 inalis (OVLT) sense changes in extracellular osmolarity and NaCl.

66 Diverse stress stimuli, such as high osmolarity and overexpression of the human beta-amyloid

67 zed protease digestion of slices, control of osmolarity and pH outside the incubator with Hibernate a

68 ntake is mediated by increased extracellular osmolarity and plays a critical role in regulating skin

69 anslation of VirF including temperature, pH, osmolarity and post-transcriptional RNA modification.

70 With these assays we compared the effects of osmolarity and procaine, both of which are believed to m

71 Plasma osmolarity and sodium levels were measured over 4 h and

72 espond differently to hypertonic NaCl versus osmolarity and subsequently regulate body fluid homeosta

73 relation between the recorded change in tear osmolarity and symptoms (R = -0.091; P = .38) or between

74 Approved tests, such as tear osmolarity and tear imaging, are being integrated into c

75 Tear osmolarity and tear secretion reflex were similar betwee

76 SCL treatment had a positive impact on tear osmolarity and van Bijsterveld score, as well as an impr

77 omeostasis genes in response to salt-induced osmolarity and virulence genes in response to changes in

78 eable channel that can be gated by tonicity (osmolarity) and mechanical stimuli.

79 ice and PKCalpha(-/-) mice, tear production, osmolarity, and clearance rate were evaluated before and

80 om blood through changes in its oxygenation, osmolarity, and hematocrit within physiologic norms, ass

81 irmer's test, tear breakup time (TBUT), tear osmolarity, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI).

82 ealed adhesion and responses to alkaline pH, osmolarity, and stress as biologic processes activated i

83 peremia, tear film breakup time (TBUT), tear osmolarity, and the Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE

84 bolism genes reduced osmotolerance at a high osmolarity, and this reduction was due to the relief of

85 Thus, osmolarity appears to affect the severity of the divisio

86 Changes in external osmolarity as a consequence of fluctuating environmental

87 nutrient sensing may indicate that cells use osmolarity as a proxy for the presence of free sugar in

88 acillus subtilis frequently experiences high osmolarity as a result of desiccation in the soil.

89 m and caused by possible changes in cellular osmolarity as a result of the efflux of the intracellula

90 mutant of TRPM7 shows a similar behaviour to osmolarity as the wild-type protein, both in the presenc

91 Increasing osmolarity augmented expression of COX-2 in WT renal med

92 We did not find differences in tear film osmolarity between the operated eyes and the fellow unop

93 plays no substantial role in altering serum osmolarity but appears to benefit duration of action.

94 holera toxin production, and in LB with high osmolarity but not high pH or temperature.

95 ng a glycylglycine buffer with physiological osmolarity but only 62% of physiological conductivity an

96 m adaptation of microorganisms to changes in osmolarity, but how osmoreceptors work is not well under

97 ns accumulates glycerol when exposed to high osmolarity, but the molecular pathways responsible for t

98 high or fluctuating pH, salt, temperature or osmolarity, but we lack explanations for why so many ant

99 erae copes with fluctuations in salinity and osmolarity by producing and transporting small, organic,

100 ezing point depression by microosmometer and osmolarity calculated from biosensor measures of select

101 Tear osmolarity can be considered a more reliable test than O

102 ctive value on symptom changes, whereas tear osmolarity changes did not.

103 e of functions other than protection against osmolarity changes that these channels possibly fulfil i

104 ssay which allows us to control how fast the osmolarity changes, over time scales ranging from a frac

105 densation processes and thus desiccation and osmolarity changes.

106 , indicating that K+off was not generated by osmolarity changes.

107 he inhibitory phenotype is induced under low osmolarity conditions and expression is primarily contro

108 s high activity is strongly depressed in low osmolarity conditions by the nucleoid-structuring protei

109 , BetT mediated significant uptake under low-osmolarity conditions, suggesting a role in transport fo

110 ntrol that was exerted by H-NS/Hha under low-osmolarity conditions, the homologous virulence activato

111 Upon high osmolarity conditions, yeast accumulates glycerol by inc

112 solutes in response to changing salinity or osmolarity conditions.

113 anced in the hns hha double mutant under low-osmolarity conditions.

114 nthesis of Vi polysaccharide under different osmolarity conditions.

115 ical signals, including repression under low osmolarity conditions.

116 This regulator, OscR (osmolarity controlled regulator), was found to modulate

117 obtained by clinical examination (i.e., tear osmolarity, corneal staining, tear breakup time, Schirme

118 Schirmer's test and tear osmolarity correlated significantly at r=-0.52, with Sch

119 Tear osmolarity correlated significantly with dry eye severit

120 Schirmer strip measurement and tear osmolarity correlated well with increased concentrations

121 Tear osmolarity correlates with dry eye severity and therefor

122 equilibrium polymer volume fraction and net osmolarity (difference in the solute concentration acros

123 nd fluorescence microscopy, we now show that osmolarity differences between the interstitial fluid an

124 Changes in tear osmolarity do not correlate significantly with changes i

125 Only tear osmolarity does not appear to map monotonically and/or u

126 all Cls is increased with increasing medium osmolarity during logarithmic growth and in stationary p

127 A contributes detectible levels of CL at low osmolarity during logarithmic growth.

128 aradoxically, previous studies of changes in osmolarity during steady-state cell growth found no depe

129 Genes induced by physiologic osmolarity encoded a higher than expected number of prot

130 +) responses remain responsive under varying osmolarities, endowing plants with the ability to percei

131 issive LB medium, reduced resistance to high osmolarity, enhanced resistance to low pH and hydrogen p

132 lysis when they transfer from a high- to low-osmolarity environment.

133 stimate of serum osmolality, but which serum osmolarity equations best predict serum osmolality in th

134 sured serum osmolality with calculated serum osmolarity equations in older people.

135 Yet, the increase in intracellular osmolarity expected from such an increase in intracellul

136 Finally, osmolarity experiments confirmed the model's prediction

137 ical utility of commonly used tests and tear osmolarity for assessing dry eye disease severity.

138 value of kappa(p)(i) = 0.87 +/- 0.07 for all osmolarities from 200 to 1000 mOsm.

139 fold to 10-fold with an increase in external osmolarity from 100 to 200 mmol/kg.

140 ns (2.5%, 5.0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 50%) with osmolarity from 142 to 2530 mOsm, with and without 0.5 m

141 ol, the partition coefficient increases with osmolarity from kappa(p)(i) = 0.48 +/- 0.19 at 200 mOsm

142 the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) and filamentous growth (FG) pa

143 ase kinase Ssk2p/MEKK4, a member of the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) MAPK pathway of Saccharomyces

144 Both PKC and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) MAPK pathways were shown previ

145 om mitosis in a manner dependent on the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) mitogen-activated protein (MAP

146 rane protein, plays a vital role in the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) mitogen-activated protein kina

147 interactions with genes involved in the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) osmoresponse pathway.

148 The yeast high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway activates Hog1 MAPK (m

149 itogen-activated protein kinases of the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway in the fungal pathogen

150 nvasive growth and hyperosmotic stress (high-osmolarity glycerol [HOG]) signaling but has a lesser ro

151 Ptc1p regulates the high osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase (MA

152 Finally, we establish that the high-osmolarity glycerol pathway and yapsins are required for

153 n a manner analogous to its role in the high osmolarity glycerol pathway, Nbp2p functions in the down

154 the pheromone signaling pathway and the high-osmolarity glycerol pathway, our method suggests interes

155 ion of Nbp2p is to recruit Ptc1p to the high osmolarity glycerol pathway, which results in down-regul

156 ch9 serves as a mediator of the TOR and high osmolarity glycerol pathways, and regulates vegetative d

157 channel 1) and Rgc2, and the MAPK Hog1 (high-osmolarity glycerol response 1).

158 but not other MAPK pathways (mating or high-osmolarity glycerol response [HOG]) that also require Cd

159 tion, FgHog1, the critical component of high osmolarity glycerol response pathway, was mis-localized

160 The C. neoformans HOG (High Osmolarity Glycerol response) pathway was essential for

161 hich is related to misregulation of the high-osmolarity glycerol response.

162 re alleviated by down-regulation of the high osmolarity glycerol stress response pathway, as well as

163 s during osmostress and cell death in a high osmolarity glycerol-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase

164 r kinases that function upstream of the high osmolarity glycerol/p38 MAPK pathway in fungi.

165 The networks can also be programmed by osmolarity gradients to fold into otherwise unattainable

166 tion and prevents invasive growth under high osmolarity growth conditions.

167 caine activates EnvZ-OmpR signalling whereas osmolarity has, at best, a weak effect on the EnvZ-OmpR

168 ve-stress regulons were up-regulated by high osmolarity, high temperature, or a combination of both s

169 Ambient urine osmolarities, however, were slightly but significantly r

170 ar divalent ions, although shifted to higher osmolarities (IC(50) = 510 mosmol l(-1)).

171 50 mosm/kg resulted in an increase in serum osmolarity in all hypertonic saline groups (p < .05 vs.

172 ated in response to increasing extracellular osmolarity in cultured human endothelial cells.

173 Indeed, decreasing the medium osmolarity in experiments prevents engulfment in line wi

174 that osmotic stress caused by decreasing the osmolarity in half reversibly changes the configuration

175 sis was performed on published data for tear osmolarity in samples of normal eyes and various subtype

176 m the intercept between the distributions of osmolarity in the two samples and from receiver operator

177 ilar volume, exhibits a strong dependence on osmolarity, indicating that passage time alone does not

178 We found that a decrease in extracellular osmolarity induced a K(+)-dependent conformational chang

179 rrier caused by an increase in extracellular osmolarity induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in vi

180 Exposure to physiological osmolarity induces leptospires to express high levels of

181 le new diagnostic tests in DED are tear film osmolarity, inflammatory biomarkers, and meibomian gland

182 Additionally, extracellular osmolarity influences quantal size, causing quantal size

183 hat increasing membrane tension by adjusting osmolarity inhibited both the rapid (a few seconds) and

184 ow that hypoosmotic stress (20% reduction in osmolarity) initiates astrocytic Ca(2+) spikes and that

185 These findings suggest that physiologic osmolarity is an important signal for regulation of gene

186 lls should be induced as an abrupt change in osmolarity is applied.

187 ion of cell volume in response to changes in osmolarity is critical for cell function and survival.

188 To study how osmolarity is detected in this system, we fused yellow f

189 ogenes in L. borgpetersenii, suggesting that osmolarity is relevant in studying the adaptation of L.

190 , probably due to the obligatory use of high-osmolarity isolation media.

191 l challenges, such as continually increasing osmolarity, it results in a trade-off of fragility to no

192 measure of tear volume and tear composition (osmolarity, lacrimal factors, inflammatory mediators, gr

193 nel of equations for the prediction of serum osmolarity led to identification of one formula with a g

194 High temperature and osmolarity led to upregulation of pcsB expression.

195 ts, and developmental morphogens, as well as osmolarity, light intensity, and fluid flow.

196 Patients with normal osmolarity (<312 mOsm/L) and hyperosmolarity values (>/=

197 f Vi polysaccharide, which at low and medium osmolarities masked O antigen detection.

198 Both the Schirmer's test and tear osmolarity may be more relevant to the clinician in the

199 earLab Osmolarity System, with 3 consecutive osmolarity measurements taken at 1-minute intervals in a

200 Schirmer I test, corneal staining), and tear osmolarity measurements, together with an overall severi

201 betaine and [(14)C]choline-O-sulfate in high-osmolarity media in a strain lacking the ProP and ProU s

202 ems is stimulated by glycine betaine in high-osmolarity media, suggesting that this organism has an a

203 ing is achieved through an elevation in disc osmolarity mediated by the numerous charged glycosoamino

204 Supplementation of the high-osmolarity medium with the osmoprotectant glycine betain

205 ssure from pressure-independent effects that osmolarity might have on cell growth, we monitored the e

206 te after several minutes, demonstrating that osmolarity modulates growth rate slowly, independently o

207 Osmolarity modulates transepithelial ion and water flux

208 t plays a crucial role in the maintenance of osmolarity of the cell without affecting the physiologic

209 ess responsive promoter and playing with the osmolarity of the cells environment, we show that long-t

210 Increasing the osmolarity of the culture medium to 800 mOsm extended CL

211 ial cultures was observed to decrease as the osmolarity of the growth medium was increased.

212 richia coli cells while rapidly changing the osmolarity of their media.

213 We report the effect of external osmolarity on giant lipid vesicles containing an aqueous

214 ac myocytes induced by varying extracellular osmolarity or by action potential generation were succes

215 altered either by variations in the external osmolarity or by disturbances in the transmembrane ion g

216 ix porin, expressed under conditions of high osmolarity or ionic strength.

217 eye disease, including Schirmer's test, tear osmolarity, OSDI, and TBUT.

218 tal stresses such as changes to temperature, osmolarity, oxidative status, nutrient limitation, or ge

219 erexpressing it is still sensitive to medium osmolarity, pH and procaine, all of which modulate EnvZ/

220 al gene expression in response to changes in osmolarity, pH, and temperature.

221 vo is modulated by physico-chemical factors (osmolarity, pH, temperature) and interaction partners.

222 erformed before and after the exposure: tear osmolarity, phenol red thread test, conjunctival hyperem

223 re performed before and after exposure: tear osmolarity, phenol red thread test, conjunctival hyperem

224 I(OMMKi) is regulated by osmolarity, potentiated by cAMP, and activated at physio

225 ytes were analyzed and entered into 38 serum osmolarity-prediction equations.

226 halmologists should consider evaluating tear osmolarity preoperatively, especially in highly demandin

227 Increased extracellular osmolarity prevented caspase-1 activation by different k

228 The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for tear osmolarity (ranging from 0.71 to 0.86) showed, for all t

229 The high variability of TearLab osmolarity readings in all groups makes the clinical int

230 An osmolarity referent of 315.6 mOsmol/L was derived from t

231 tionality, including the bacterial EnvZ/OmpR osmolarity regulator and the mammalian 6-phosphofructo-2

232 ein kinase A, AMP-activated kinase, the high-osmolarity response mitogen-activated protein kinase pat

233 are found in systems as diverse as the high osmolarity response of yeast, gradient sensing in Dictyo

234 High extracellular osmolarity results in a switch from an adaptive to an in

235 Exposure of yeast to high osmolarity results in activation of the SAPK Hog1, which

236 moving always toward the central plane; iso-osmolarity returned OHCs to their original shape and mic

237 In response to osmolarity, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi

238 ase Index (OSDI) symptom questionnaire, tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, tear breakup time, conjunctiv

239 Dry eye signs were assessed by tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, tear breakup time, corneal an

240 e obtained from the eyes with the worst tear osmolarity score.

241 sperception results from the capacity of the osmolarity-sensing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP

242 Furthermore, tear osmolarity showed a direct correlation with corneal stai

243 lemented with sodium chloride to physiologic osmolarity significantly altered the transcript levels o

244 e cues on water abundance (matric stress) or osmolarity (solute stress) into lifestyle strategies.

245 A reduced osmolarity solution is safe in adults and as effective a

246 KEY POINTS: Changes in extracellular osmolarity stimulate thirst and vasopressin secretion th

247 o extracellular osmotic conditions, with low osmolarity stimulating ndvA expression.

248 the Na/K ATPase, which adjusted surface cell osmolarity such that pressure was maintained at zero.

249 Small volume solutions of exceedingly high osmolarity, such as 23.4% saline, have been used for the

250 factors, such as temperature, nutrients and osmolarity, suggests an ancient role for the TOR signali

251 ients with DED from whom we had data on tear osmolarity, symptoms, and corneal fluorescein staining f

252 ariability of measurements using the TearLab Osmolarity System is necessary when evaluating the clini

253 ipants) who were evaluated using the TearLab Osmolarity System, with 3 consecutive osmolarity measure

254 Tear osmolarity, TBUT, Schirmer's I, and central corneal sens

255 ng tests: best corrected visual acuity, tear osmolarity, tear film break-up time (BUT), corneal fluor

256 Tear osmolarity, tear instability (tear break-up time [TBUT])

257 of the changes between the 2 visits for tear osmolarity (TearLab system), symptoms (Ocular Surface Di

258 ll accuracy in the diagnosis of dry eye, the osmolarity test was found to be comparable with the resu

259 Osmolarity testing, Schirmer test without anesthesia, te

260 was supported by the findings that, at high osmolarity, the DeltagbcAB mutant accumulated high betai

261 Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), tear osmolarity, the Schirmer I test, tear film breakup time

262 Depending on the medium osmolarity, this was followed by lack of volume recovery

263 forced-choice experiment was used to obtain osmolarity thresholds.

264 Here we show that increasing cytoplasmic osmolarity through a genetic lesion known to produce ele

265 the degree of sedation, and increasing blood osmolarity through pharmacologic means.

266 apping expression upon changes in the medium osmolarity to achieve the reciprocal expression of ompF

267 suggest that Leptospira utilizes changes in osmolarity to regulate virulence characteristics.

268 e mice, but water deprivation elevated urine osmolarity to similar levels in both genotypes.

269 dhesins is strongly induced by an upshift in osmolarity to the level found in mammalian host tissues.

270 The molecular mechanism coupling osmolarity to TRPV4 activation remains elusive.

271 Assessments of DE included tear osmolarity (Tosm), the 5-item dry eye questionnaire (DEQ

272 RPV4 responds to isosmolar cell swelling and osmolarity translated via different aquaporins.

273 There was a significant decrease in tear osmolarity values (338.1 +/- 27.1 to 314.25 +/- 38.8 mOs

274 Patients with tear osmolarity values of 312 mOsm/L or higher are more likel

275 The mean tear osmolarity values were, respectively, 305.63 +/- 15.07,

276 shrinkage induced by increased extracellular osmolarity via programmed changes in gene transcription

277 Mean tear osmolarity was 307 mOsm/L, 304 mOsm/L, and 301 mOsm/L in

278 rum albumin (BSA), indicating that increased osmolarity was causing or contributing to fluid accumula

279 Tear osmolarity was consistently affected in both eyes of her

280 Tear film osmolarity was found to be the single best marker of dis

281 Osmolarity was found to have the highest correlation coe

282 ear secretion reflex were decreased and tear osmolarity was increased in the unaffected eyes of the H

283 Tear osmolarity was measured in the right eye with a tear osm

284 emolysis following decrease of extracellular osmolarity was more pronounced in msk(-/-) erythrocytes.

285 VDR-null mice had polyuria, but the urine osmolarity was normal as a result of high salt excretion

286 At day 90, tear osmolarity was reduced from baseline with both krill oil

287 Ambient urine osmolarity was reduced significantly in NKCC2A-/- compar

288 Tear osmolarity was the most sensitive indicator, and tear br

289 The increased plasma Na(+) and osmolarity were associated with increased ET-1 mRNA in v

290 In control mice (C57BL/6J), plasma Na(+) and osmolarity were significantly elevated in animals on hig

291 ems not previously known to be influenced by osmolarity, were differentially expressed by P. aerugino

292 f carrier ampholytes at physiological pH and osmolarity, where they are focused then chemically mobil

293 may, in addition, affect the colonic pH and osmolarity, which are known to affect colonocyte biology

294 expectations for all indicators except tear osmolarity, which had larger residuals than expected, an

295 e concentrations are used to calculate serum osmolarity, which is an indirect estimate of serum osmol

296 ted with Hb concentration but independent of osmolarity, which suggests variation in the Hb to 2,3-di

297 40% higher urine volume and 18% lower urine osmolarity with relatively normal electrolyte and acid-b

298 mpatible solutes, to equilibrate cytoplasmic osmolarity with the extracellular environment.

299 t Drosophila melanogaster maintain hemolymph osmolarity within a narrow range.

300 Urea, which raises osmolarity without inducing cell shrinkage, did not prom