ライフサイエンスコーパス: osmolyte

1 but it likely plays a significant role as an osmolyte.

2 siological function such as an intracellular osmolyte.

3 re observed depending on the identity of the osmolyte.

4 es, with a dependence on the identity of the osmolyte.

5 taine, an important methyl donor and organic osmolyte.

6 mulation of sorbitol as a compatible organic osmolyte.

7 ene glycol), molecular weight of 400, as the osmolyte.

8 ndant osmoprotective renal medullary organic osmolyte.

9 m pernix was directly proven to produce this osmolyte.

10 that is induced in the purified fragment by osmolytes.

11 erature, pH stress, and presence of nonionic osmolytes.

12 ic-stressed cells and the role of compatible osmolytes.

13 globule state that is unaffected by natural osmolytes.

14 e control through the regulated transport of osmolytes.

15 omplex in a process that can be inhibited by osmolytes.

16 e of GB1 and I27 under the effect of various osmolytes.

17 inetics of Glu(-) and K(+) as representative osmolytes.

18 amino acid catabolism to generate compatible osmolytes.

19 onally monitored using a number of different osmolytes.

20 xplanation for why stressed cells accumulate osmolytes.

21 g may occur even for small membrane-permeant osmolytes.

22 l medullary accumulation of sodium and other osmolytes.

23 rties of proteins at finite concentration of osmolytes.

24 downstream transcription factors or specific osmolytes.

25 ng was monitored using a number of different osmolytes.

26 volved in accumulation of compatible organic osmolytes.

27 LRRC8D strongly inhibited the release of all osmolytes.

28 e, which is countered by the accumulation of osmolytes.

29 er a chemo-mechanical perturbation by adding osmolytes.

30 ogenous group of molecules acting as organic osmolytes.

31 ated BAM1 to release sugar and sugar-derived osmolytes.

32 gth, pH, and the presence of denaturants and osmolytes.

33 tion by mediating the uptake of zwitterionic osmolytes.

34 udin-11 is more permeable to water and small osmolytes.

35 The organic osmolyte 2-aminoethylsulfonic acid (taurine), which redu

36 strongly inhibited release of the uncharged osmolytes [(3) H]taurine and myo-[(3) H]inositol, withou

37 Osmolytes, a class of small intracellular organic molecu

38 reduced carbon export to the root, affecting osmolyte accumulation and root growth during stress.

39 metabolism related to energy generation and osmolyte accumulation, stress signalling, and organelle

40 s use channels and transport systems to flux osmolytes across the plasma membrane followed by the obl

41 ar dynamics simulations that show that small osmolytes act as solvent bridges in the unfolding transi

42 B1), these experimental results suggest that osmolytes act on proteins through a common mechanism tha

43 strating the distinction in the mechanism of osmolyte action between protein and hydrophobic polymer.

44 Despite their electrical neutrality, osmolyte action is entwined with that of cellular salts

45 shift) using NaCl or sucrose as the external osmolyte, after which the only available cellular respon

46 nnels open under membrane tension to release osmolytes along with water.

47 Osmolytes also protected cells against the cytotoxicity

48 er than extracellular ones, as intracellular osmolytes altered the dynamics of a 17-amino-acid region

49 ates glycerol by increased production of the osmolyte and by restricting glycerol efflux through Fps1

50 acid that functions as a chemical chaperone/osmolyte and enhances cellular antioxidant activity, wou

51 betaine, an amino acid that functions as an osmolyte and methyl donor.

52 g temperatures at volume fraction Phi of the osmolyte and Phi = 0, respectively.

53 from 5 to 15 K depending on the size of the osmolyte and the nature of RNA-osmolyte interactions.

54 Humans regulate osmolyte and water balance by rhythmical mineralocortico

55 ucocorticoid urinary excretion on day-to-day osmolyte and water balance.

56 ticoid release, with excretion of endogenous osmolyte and water surplus by relative urine dilution.

57 s, and genes involved in the biosynthesis of osmolytes and (iso)flavonoids were differentially regula

58 tive coils, and it is proposed that both the osmolytes and acetylation promote the formation of an al

59 hose responsible for accumulation of organic osmolytes and heat-shock proteins.

60 e RNA becomes less responsive to stabilizing osmolytes and may even be destabilized.

61 ts against hyperosmotic stress by generating osmolytes and metabolizing toxic aldehydes.

62 ts against hyperosmotic stress by generating osmolytes and metabolizing toxic aldehydes.

63 d that resulted in dehydration, increases in osmolytes and upregulation of autophagic processes, like

64 translation regulation by high glucose (HG), osmolytes, and fatty acids.

65 duced from simple components, namely, water, osmolytes, and lipids to sense and regulate their micro-

66 ms a low energy transport pathway for water, osmolytes, and NH(3) across the SM.

67 is model also treats effects of denaturants, osmolytes, and other physical stressors.

68 simulations in the absence of denaturants or osmolytes, and Tanford's transfer model to predict the d

69 g chronic hyponatraemia, whereas its organic osmolytes are depleted.

70 The data presented here show that renal osmolytes are quite diverse with respect to their solvat

71 If the interactions between the RNA and osmolytes are repulsive, which is appropriate for mimick

72 Osmolytes are small organic molecules accumulated by cel

73 Osmolytes are small organic molecules that can modulate

74 Osmolytes are small-molecule compounds that can act as c

75 The individual roles of most of the osmolytes are unclear, and three of the five have not ye

76 The natural selection of osmolytes as protective agents must have been influenced

77 f metabolites, e.g., sugars, amino acids and osmolytes as well as larger molecules such as lipids, no

78 rement in unfolding free energy per molal of osmolyte at constant KCl activity, are approximately 0 f

79 effects may have contributed to the observed osmolyte attenuation of dye leakage.

80 why KGlu is an effective E. coli cytoplasmic osmolyte (because of the dominant effect of unfavorable

81 . ingrahamii has genes for production of the osmolyte, betaine choline, which may balance the osmotic

82 Our results also suggest that some osmolytes can be useful tools for studying intrinsically

83 results demonstrate that naturally occurring osmolytes can have profound effects on the mechanical un

84 n concentrations of taurine (a major organic osmolyte), carnitine (involved in fatty acid transport),

85 Osmolyte co-infusion significantly enhanced perivascular

86 ratio, size, and copy number: Decreasing the osmolyte concentration in the cytoplasmic compartment ac

87 d in vivo results, we find that decreases in osmolyte concentration increase the rate and extent of v

88 Their aperture depends on changes in osmolyte concentration of guard cell vacuoles, specifica

89 In addition, the effect of osmolyte concentration on the half-life of the phosphory

90 acuole fusion in vitro, whereas increases in osmolyte concentration prevent fusion.

91 al solution temperature (LSCT) linearly with osmolyte concentration.

92 f water and changes in intracellular ion and osmolyte concentration.

93 In addition, although folding due to high osmolyte concentrations had been established, the foldin

94 fold into amphipathic alpha-helices at high osmolyte concentrations in the presence of membranes, a

95 Our findings demonstrate that increasing osmolyte concentrations negatively affect the YPD1 x SSK

96 In contrast, at the highest osmolyte concentrations, reflective of the osmoadaptatio

97 result that holds regardless of the absolute osmolyte concentrations.

98 dihydrofolate is weakened in the presence of osmolytes, consistent with "water uptake".

99 s in protein stability almost entirely, with osmolyte cosolvents simply dialing between solvent-backb

100 Using osmolyte cosolvents, we show that hydrogen-bonding contr

101 ted amines, released from the degradation of osmolytes, could provide a nitrogen source for marine mi

102 Conversely, release of charged osmolytes (d-aspartate) was strongly reduced by deletion

103 rgor, bacteria import ions and small organic osmolytes, deemed compatible solutes, to equilibrate cyt

104 Solutes (osmolytes, denaturants) exert often large effects on the

105 All the osmolytes destabilize RNA secondary structure, although

106 pacing was reduced by applying 4% w/v of the osmolyte Dextran T500, which also resulted in a larger E

107 The marine osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is one of Ear

108 Microbial catabolism of the marine osmolyte dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) is thought t

109 Titrations of the algal osmolyte DMSP in seawater medium containing all other ma

110 riment and simulation strongly suggests that osmolytes do not assume a structural role at the mechani

111 number can be modulated with mutational- and osmolyte-driven perturbations.

112 ectively retains its complement of inorganic osmolytes during chronic hyponatraemia, whereas its orga

113 covering the channel that optimizes loss of osmolytes during osmoadaptation.

114 ume regulation by adding glycine, an organic osmolyte, during vitrification of mouse germinal vesicle

115 Osmolyte effects on tertiary structure, however, can be

116 steps in catalysis, so to better understand osmolyte effects we have focused on a single elementary

117 The denaturant, urea (0.6 M), blocked the osmolyte effects, causing a preference of H3/H4 to form

118 To investigate alternative mechanisms for osmolyte effects, we performed FTIR experiments that cha

119 The characteristics of receptor-regulated osmolyte efflux, the signalling pathways involved and th

120 much more general phenomena associated with osmolyte enhancement of Abeta oligomer stability and/or

121 transition state of a protein in a range of osmolyte environments.

122 er molecules act as solvent bridges in large osmolyte environments.

123 d by the solution composition (water, salts, osmolytes, etc.).

124 We find that for the small osmolytes, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycer

125 -g/d increase in salt intake increased urine osmolyte excretion, but reduced free-water clearance, in

126 and an increase in urine volume with surplus osmolyte excretion.

127 lly reversed by the application of exogenous osmolytes, expression at low temperature, and the introd

128 It turns out that renal osmolytes fall into three distinct classes with respect

129 concentrations of inert crowding agents and osmolytes fit into a kinetic framework to describe prote

130 ting that LRRC8 heteromers mediate anion and osmolyte flux with subunit-dependent kinetics and select

131 Corrective osmolyte fluxes permeate across channels that have a rel

132 Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a common osmolyte found in a variety of marine biota and has been

133 s facilitates the volume-dependent efflux of osmolytes from neural cells and permits them to more eff

134 RC8 family members in the release of organic osmolytes from primary rat astrocytes.

135 vma1) or a defect in the biosynthesis of the osmolyte glycerol (gpd1) caused a prolonged repression o

136 to probe the role played by the stabilizing osmolyte glycerol on the conformational ensembles visite

137 le mechanical unfolding experiments that the osmolyte glycerol stabilizes the native state of the hum

138 ing cells to low temperature (30 degrees C), osmolytes (glycerol, trimethylamine N-oxide, and dimethy

139 interpret the interactions of the remarkable osmolyte glycine betaine (GB) with molecular surfaces in

140 tic shock in the presence and absence of the osmolyte, glycine betaine.

141 he available surface groups, that each renal osmolyte has distinct effects on various classes of biom

142 del, the thermodynamic response to many such osmolytes has been dissected into groupwise free energy

143 ssociation; sorbitol and most other nonrenal osmolytes have a relatively constant, intermediate solva

144 Although different osmolytes have similar effects on NADPH binding, variabl

145 We hypothesize that the stabilizing osmolytes have unfavorable interactions with the RNA bac

146 es of RNA folding per molal concentration of osmolyte) have been measured.

147 ability of neural cells to closely regulate osmolyte homeostasis through receptor-mediated alteratio

148 Myo-inositol is an important cellular osmolyte in autoregulation of cell volume and fluid bala

149 morphologies may suggest that AB acts as an osmolyte in certain mushrooms to help maintain fruiting

150 ygens; this explains its effectiveness as an osmolyte in the Escherichia coli cytoplasm.

151 rganic osmolytes protect; 2) the identity of osmolytes in Archaea, bacteria, yeast, plants, marine an

152 lecular level understanding of the action of osmolytes in biomolecular processes.

153 ion of weaker DHF binding in the presence of osmolytes in both enzymes implicates cosolvent effects o

154 changes occur in both inorganic and organic osmolytes in order to balance the extracellular osmotic

155 welling-activated release of diverse organic osmolytes in rat astrocytes.

156 ions and experiments, we explore the role of osmolytes in regulating the conformation and aggregation

157 Possible implication of osmolytes in rootstock-mediated cell pressure regulation

158 tremes among the naturally occurring organic osmolytes in terms of their ability to stabilize/destabi

159 f of this energy change is due to solutes or osmolytes in the crystallization buffer, and the remaind

160 attribute the difference to the presence of osmolytes in the crystals.

161 ntrations of K(+), Cl(-), Na(+), and organic osmolytes in the direction necessary to reestablish the

162 els of soluble sugars, exogenously providing osmolytes in the growth media, or withholding water resc

163 cal basis on which the presence of salts and osmolytes in the solution impact protein structure and s

164 articular, little is known about the role of osmolytes in the structure of the unfolding transition s

165 population of the intermediate in different osmolytes, in conjunction with its measured contour leng

166 drought episode, and greater accumulation of osmolytes, including raffinose and galactinol, and flavo

167 swelling activates release of small organic osmolytes, including the excitatory amino acids (EAA) gl

168 s the kidney to use specific combinations of osmolytes independently to fine-tune the chemical activi

169 urements promote a mechanism consistent with osmolyte-induced shifts in the [BI]/[BC] ratio of enzyme

170 e size of the osmolyte and the nature of RNA-osmolyte interactions.

171 hat GPCRs may also regulate the re-uptake of osmolytes into neural cells, but that the influx of orga

172 ch appear to prevent leakage of interstitial osmolytes into urine, and body water homeostasis.

173 but that the influx of organic and inorganic osmolytes is differentially regulated.

174 content and a role for both NAA and Cho, as osmolytes is proposed.

175 ress via the efflux of inorganic and organic osmolytes is well documented.

176 determine the extent to which the amino acid osmolyte l-proline might impact bivalent Fab complexatio

177 trimethylamine and a progressive decline of osmolytes like betaine, homarine and taurine during stor

178 lglutamate (NAAG), and myo-inositol (MI), an osmolyte linked to Alzheimer disease in humans, were mea

179 S. stapfianus had higher concentrations of osmolytes, lower concentrations of metabolites associate

180 t the unexpectedly large effect that neutral osmolytes may have on surface charging and Coulomb inter

181 Moreover, the addition of this osmolyte modestly increased the surface tension of the i

182 ion balance, the protective accumulation of osmolyte molecules, and the RNA polymerase II turnover.

183 Efflux of uncharged osmolytes (myo-inositol and taurine) was suppressed by d

184 nd disease and is proposed to act as a neuro-osmolyte, neuro-modulator, and possibly a neuro-transmit

185 sm of dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), an osmolyte of algae and abundant carbon source for marine

186 oxide (TMAO), another well-known protective osmolyte of elasmobranchs, at 0.1-0.3 mol L(-1) was also

187 Osmolytes of different sizes and exclusion properties (D

188 t measurements have separated the effects of osmolytes on Abeta aggregation versus membrane interacti

189 fect of salinity as well as the synthesis of osmolytes on exchange and biochemical fractionation, we

190 is alone does not account for the effects of osmolytes on Km's.

191 The effect of denaturants and osmolytes on protein structure and activity was analyzed

192 tructures, though in general, the effects of osmolytes on RNA and protein stabilities do not parallel

193 y the effects of several naturally occurring osmolytes on the mechanical properties of PKD domains.

194 sults indicate that the impact of compatible osmolytes on the mRNA-associated machineries and especia

195 Thus, the effects of osmolytes on the OH spectrum appear uncorrelated with th

196 Here, the effects of nine osmolytes on the secondary and tertiary structure stabil

197 charge is chiefly governed by the effect of osmolytes on the surface reaction constants, namely, on

198 ng of proteins as a function of denaturants, osmolytes or ligands.

199 A recent study showed that osmolyte perturbation can positively identify conformati

200 ively, the results suggest that SDSL-EPR and osmolyte perturbation provide a facile means for mapping

201 number of aldehyde substrates, including the osmolyte precursor, betaine aldehyde, lipid peroxidation

202 icles did not take place if any of the three osmolytes presented.

203 enes involved in stress adaptation including osmolyte production and growth promotion.

204 ol and glycerol for carbon sequestration and osmolyte production appear to drive hyphal growth.

205 ense nature of hepatic and extrahepatic urea osmolyte production for renal water conservation require

206 nt genotype, revealed their association with osmolytes production and secondary metabolite pathways.

207 umulation, elevated levels of the compatible osmolyte proline (Pro), and accumulation of the stress h

208 compounds affected include the major diatom osmolyte proline and the precursors for long-chain polya

209 increase linearly with the concentration of osmolytes (proline, sorbitol, sucrose, TMAO, and sarcosi

210 embrane becomes depolarized and permeable to osmolytes, proposedly due to the opening of a non-select

211 n this review, we discuss 1) how the organic osmolytes protect; 2) the identity of osmolytes in Archa

212 Understanding the molecular mechanisms of osmolyte protection in protein stability has proved to b

213 uch experiments in the presence of different osmolytes provides an alternative approach that reports

214 entral infusion of hypertonic NaCl and other osmolytes readily stimulate thirst and vasopressin secre

215 Unexpectedly, our results reveal that osmolytes regulate fusion by inhibiting early Rab-depend

216 Proteins involved in osmolyte regulation and polymer secretion were found con

217 including kidney, the responsible organ for osmolyte regulation, posing the question whether the cha

218 e MscS family are adaptive tension-activated osmolyte release valves that regulate turgor in prokaryo

219 tic cell cycle but is not coupled to nuclear osmolytes released by nuclear envelope breakdown, chroma

220 l mechanosensitive (MS) channels to jettison osmolytes, relieving pressure and preventing cell lysis.

221 al transduction pathways that originate with osmolytes remain to be established.

222 Because osmolytes represent a class of compounds that stabilize

223 aM-target binding mechanism under crowded or osmolyte-rich environments mimicked by ficoll-70, dextra

224 tablished by transcriptomics, confirming the osmolyte role of tHyp-B.

225 e oxide moiety should be responsible for the osmolyte's depletion from hydrophobic/aqueous interfaces

226 ally, the effects of urea and the protecting osmolytes sarcosine and TMAO are reported on the thermal

227 trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a protecting osmolyte, shifts the equilibrium toward N.

228 Urea, a denaturing osmolyte, shifts the equilibrium toward U; trimethylamin

229 d osmotic pressure (poly(ethylene glycol) as osmolyte) show that the segmental order parameters (S(CD

230 r organisms: as sources of carbon skeletons, osmolytes, signals, and transient energy storage and as

231 In contrast, all of the osmolytes significantly attenuated dye leakage.

232 nt we hypothesized that oligopeptides act as osmolytes, similar to glycine betaine, to disrupt intrac

233 Osmolytes, small molecules synthesized by all organisms,

234 Addition of organic osmolytes, small uncharged compounds found throughout na

235 y studying the effect of the addition of the osmolyte sodium citrate.

236 the unfolding free energy of a protein in an osmolyte solution relative to that in water poses a fund

237 the size of the molecule, whereas for larger osmolytes, sorbitol and sucrose, Deltax(u) remains the s

238 We find that two unrelated protective osmolytes, sorbitol and trimethylamine-n-oxide, function

239 All three osmolytes stabilize collapsed conformations of the ELP a

240 The massive uptake of compatible osmolytes such as betaine, taurine, and myo-inositol is

241 porters that mediate uptake into the cell of osmolytes such as neurotransmitters and amino acids.

242 We found that protecting osmolytes such as sorbitol and trimethylamine N-oxide ca

243 We speculate that organic osmolytes such as taurine and possibly novel processes s

244 Recently, osmolytes such as trehalose have been found to delay Abe

245 rrently the consensus belief that protective osmolytes such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) favor pr

246 he vicinity of a protein, whereas denaturing osmolytes such as urea lead to protein unfolding by stro

247 Based on these findings, we hypothesize that osmolytes such as urea or sorbitol may modulate PC1 mech

248 antly reduced in the presence of stabilizing osmolytes, such as polyethylene glycols.

249 This effect complements the action of osmolytes, such as trimethylamine N-oxide, that favor mo

250 Mannitol (osmolyte) synthesis did not affect exchange or biochemic

251 dulating the photosynthesis, antioxidant and osmolytes systems to improve physiological adaptation.

252 Consistent with its role as an organic osmolyte, taurine synthesis was stimulated under hyperto

253 Urea is known as a common denaturing osmolyte that affects protein function by destabilizing

254 The use of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), an osmolyte that stabilizes the unliganded folded form of t

255 of proteins can be stabilized by protecting osmolytes that are found in the mammalian kidney.

256 y to accumulate a large amount of compatible osmolytes, the formation of SGs is severely impaired, an

257 cL acts as a safety valve by releasing small osmolytes through the channel opening under extreme hypo

258 Addition of the osmolyte TMAO to AK(eco) results in population shift tow

259 The osmolytes, TMAO, betaine, sarcosine, alanine, glycine, a

260 temperature and increases in the presence of osmolyte to be similar to that of AdMLP.

261 tamate appears to act as a Hofmeister series osmolyte to facilitate promoter escape.

262 versed, we used hypertonic saline (HS) as an osmolyte to rehydrate ASL.

263 At 1000 mOsm, 1,2-propanediol is the only osmolyte to yield a partition coefficient not statistica

264 The kidney uses mixtures of five osmolytes to counter the stress induced by high urea and

265 n because of the different tendencies of the osmolytes to interact with the peptide backbone.

266 nts can also be suppressed by application of osmolytes to the surface of swarm agar.

267 +), and possibly other positive and negative osmolytes, to yield a largely neutral efflux and, thereb

268 rent group-additive behavior in the water-to-osmolyte transfer arising due to their cancellation.

269 However, the water-to-osmolyte transfer free energies of the peptide unit are

270 2), which is generated from myo-inositol, an osmolyte transported into cells by sodium-dependent myo-

271 ative Na(+)/Cl(-)-dependent neurotransmitter/osmolyte transporter inebriated (ine) is expressed in th

272 The common osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) stabilizes protei

273 s the naturally occurring protein-protective osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) that stabilizes c

274 The protective osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) was used to induc

275 can be inhibited by the naturally occurring osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO).

276 pha-helix formation upon the addition of the osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide or the cosolvent 2,2,2-t

277 tures by ions is well known, but the neutral osmolyte trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) can also effectivel

278 nterbalancing effects between the protecting osmolyte trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and denaturing os

279 olding either in the presence of the natural osmolyte trimethylamine-N-oxide or through a direct inte

280 We study the effect of the osmolyte, Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), which accumulat

281 l studies investigating the effects of three osmolytes, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), betaine, and g

282 function as osmotic safety valves, releasing osmolytes under increased membrane tension.

283 ed cooperative protein transitions for these osmolytes, unlike results from previous studies on globu

284 trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and denaturing osmolyte urea for the case of alpha-synuclein, a Parkins

285 We show that the osmolytes urea and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) shift t

286 uring effects of another naturally occurring osmolyte, urea.

287 M for measuring the effect of two biological osmolytes, urea and glycerol, on the surface charge of s

288 known that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), an osmolyte used by nature, stabilizes the folded state of

289 ermodynamics and solvation properties of the osmolytes, using Kirkwood-Buff theory.

290 accumulation in the cytoplasm of compatible osmolytes via specific transporters both reduces macromo

291 The cell responses to these two osmolytes were drastically different.

292 Instead, in the case of disaccharide, osmolytes were found to form adducts with Abeta, and cha

293 Extracellular osmolytes were found to have an effect on the efficiency

294 s of almost all organisms accumulate organic osmolytes when exposed to hyperosmolality, most often in

295 in cellular metabolic response to a range of osmolytes when treated with OligoG CF-5/20.

296 e stress increases soluble carbohydrates and osmolytes, which can alter exchange and biochemical frac

297 appears to dominate the release of uncharged osmolytes, while an alternative channel (or channels) is

298 mers appear to dominate release of uncharged osmolytes, while LRRC8A/C/E, with the additional contrib

299 gomer stability and/or direct interaction of osmolyte with the membrane surface.

300 Some of these osmolytes work in conjunction, via mechanisms that are p