1 f weight-bearing joints, leading to a severe osteoarthropathy.

2 loped a prominent chronic severe destructive osteoarthropathy.

3 o probands, excluding secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.

4 e outward hallmark of pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, a clinical constellation that develops

5 KBD) is an endemic, age-related degenerative osteoarthropathy and its cause is hypothesised to involv

6 moptysis, gout, cholelithiasis, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, and decreased renal function.

7 he pathogenesis of clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy has hitherto been poorly understood, bu

8 le primary (idiopathic) form of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is recognized.

9       Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a chronic osteoarthropathy, which manifests as joint deformities a