ライフサイエンスコーパス: otolith

1 e., the direction of gravity relative to the otoliths).

2 nd attach to biomineralized 'ear stones' (or otoliths).

3 ar otolith gradually fuses with the saccular otolith.

4 ion and the size and shape of the developing otolith.

5 vature of the sensory epithelium against the otolith.

6 the linear acceleration net vector from the otoliths.

7 formation and calcium deposition in morphant otoliths.

8 se alpha1a.1 expression blocked formation of otoliths.

9 cule of the inner ear, which completely lack otoliths.

10 r tethers and permitted all to form anterior otoliths.

11 evelop a multi-decadal record of growth from otoliths.

12 ate receptors in the semicircular canals and otoliths.

13 al structures such as bivalve shells or fish otoliths.

14 r/(86)Sr ratio measurements in comparison to otoliths.

15 a high proportion of crystallized (vaterite) otoliths.

16 e permanently recorded in the rings in their otoliths.

17 lays a minor role in the formation of normal otoliths.

18 ilia) at the otic vesicle poles, forming two otoliths.

19 t in head coordinates (i.e., relative to the otoliths), (2) the direction of movement in world coordi

20 ls and supporting cells; (3) the presence of otoliths; (4) immunolabeling indicative of vestibular su

21 Siches otoliths (6450 +/- 110 yr B.P.; 4 degrees 40'S) recorded

22 The distribution of gravity-sensing, otolith afferent fibers and terminals was studied in the

23 imulation, neurons did not combine canal and otolith afferent information linearly.

24 hanisms rather than frequency segregation of otolith afferent information.

25 /nodulus receives strong inputs from primary otolith afferent neurons identified as dimorphic in type

26 ibution of the otolith nerves, although each otolith afferent shared common regions with the canal af

27 ents totally reflected the erroneous primary otolith afferent signals and were correlated with the re

28 tract translation information from ambiguous otolith afferent signals in the natural and functionally

29 fferents, the types and locations of labeled otolith afferent terminals suggest that they largely con

30 A few mossy fibres showed unprocessed, otolith afferent-like properties, encoding the gravitoin

31 Mossy fibres showed unprocessed, otolith afferent-like properties.

32 However, a sensory ambiguity exists because otolith afferents are activated similarly during head tr

33 that minimum thresholds measured in macaque otolith afferents are of the same order of magnitude as

34 show that pooling the activities of multiple otolith afferents gives rise to neural thresholds compar

35 Here, we recorded from single otolith afferents in macaque monkeys during linear motio

36 ate linear acceleration signals arising from otolith afferents into estimates of self-motion and orie

37 At the earliest processing stages, the otolith afferents of the vestibular nerve encode linear

38 on theory to measure detection thresholds of otolith afferents using 1 Hz linear accelerations delive

39 sensory representation of motion in primary otolith afferents, primate oculomotor responses are appr

40 .01 cm/s(2) for regular and irregular firing otolith afferents, respectively.

41 n, and self-motion are sensed identically by otolith afferents.

42 itive to net linear acceleration, similar to otolith afferents.

43 diated knockdown of zebrafish Otop1 leads to otolith agenesis without affecting the sensory epitheliu

44 The otoliths also respond to gravitational acceleration, so

45 bular neurons process convergent inputs from otolith and canal afferents.

46 r neurons likely process directly convergent otolith and canal inputs.

47 Finally, nonlinear interactions between otolith and canal signals allow the vestibular system to

48 ial defects, impaired motility, and abnormal otolith and pectoral fin development.

49 te from net signals evoked by stimulation of otolith and semi-circular canal afferents, respectively.

50 We found that both irregular otolith and semicircular canal afferents, because of the

51 ese two components arise from stimulation of otolith and semicircular canal afferents, respectively.

52 udy, we observed the functioning of both the otolith and the cardiovascular system of the astronauts

53 hat provides a physical coupling between the otolith and the underlying sensory epithelium.

54 ocity field correlates with the shape of the otolith and we provide evidence that hydrodynamics is ac

55 ormal in mutant embryos, including posterior otoliths and all sensory epithelia.

56 Otoliths and otoconia form over sensory maculae and are

57 Calcified structures such as otoliths and scales grow continuously throughout the lif

58 ison of the (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios between the otoliths and scales of the same individuals revealed sim

59 mpared this ratio between the water and fish otoliths and scales of two commercial fish species, Hopl

60 arch explicitly shows how Sr is bound within otoliths and validates a fundamental and long-held assum

61 t startle response, circular swimming, fused otoliths, and abnormal semicircular canals.

62 We show that otoliths (aragonite ear bones) of young fish grown under

63 Otoliths are biomineralised structures important for bal

64 Otoliths are biomineralised structures required for the

65 Most fish otoliths are comprised of the most dense CaCO3 polymorph

66 up sciaenid, both the saccular and utricular otoliths are enlarged relative to those in other teleost

67 cilia (iguana) or ciliary motility (lrrc50), otoliths are frequently ectopic, untethered or fused.

68 However, the otoliths are malformed, misplaced, lack an organic matri

69 We confirmed that while Lake Sturgeon otoliths are primarily composed of vaterite, they also c

70 m the receptors, the semicircular canals and otoliths, are carried by the eighth nerve and distribute

71 e that cilia motility is required for normal otolith assembly and localization.

72 ntal control, but the mechanisms that ensure otolith assembly atop specific cells of the sensory epit

73 ate how the observed hydrodynamics influence otolith assembly.

74 letely (MZovl) is still capable of tethering otoliths at the otic vesicle poles.

75 disrupt cilia motility, leading to defective otolith biogenesis.

76 ve, Fekete explores the fascinating world of otolith biomineralization in zebrafish; revealing the im

77 ow is a key epigenetic factor in controlling otolith biomineralization.

78 mutant embryos, which fail to form anterior otoliths but otherwise appear normal.

79 ons in seven genes cause loss of one or both otoliths, but do not appear to affect development of oth

80 Otoliths, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) ear bones, are among

81 ng active motion further established that an otolith cancellation signal was only gated in conditions

82 nging such masses into contact with tethered otoliths caused them to fuse, greatly enhancing otolith

83 limnological change is also reflected in the otolith chemistry and improved relative condition of res

84 riation in the mode of incorporation occurs, otolith chemistry data may be misinterpreted, impacting

85 ium (Sr), the most important element used in otolith chemistry research, is bound within the aragonit

86 h records was relatively low (3.4%), but the otolith chronology was positively correlated (r = 0.61,

87 uding expansion of the utricular and lagenar otoliths, close proximity between the saccules and the u

88 d strontium isotope ratios of four aragonite otoliths collected from the Fox Hills Formation of South

89 cal traits including lateral line structure, otolith composition (a proxy for auditory function), and

90 al variation in temperature, recorded as the otoliths continue to accrete new material over the life

91 n/Ca ratios in regions of cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths corresponding to year 1 of life; this is associ

92 s, numerous existing archival collections of otoliths could provide the means to reconstruct hypoxia

93 Extra-otolith cues are, therefore, necessary to ensure that dy

94 s, consistent with low hypoxia, but a single otolith dated to the younger Iron Age had a distinct gro

95 The otolith defect produced by morpholinos was rescued by mi

96 Na,K-ATPase beta2b expression also caused an otolith defect, suggesting that the beta2b subunit partn

97 ding abnormal body curvature, hydrocephalus, otolith defects and abnormal renal, head and craniofacia

98 iary paralysis leading to cystic kidneys and otolith defects and that knockdown in Xenopus interfered

99 Other than the utricular otolith deficiency, all structures in the ear appear mor

100 lume and 58% greater relative mass) but also otolith density (6% higher).

101 Otolith-derived ages indicated that S. partitus found on

102 ed us to dissect the logic of melanocyte and otolith development and to identify critical periods for

103 In teleostei, otolith development is critically dependent on flow forc

104 Although otolith development was abnormal, the patterning of the

105 ired Wnt signaling leads to kidney cysts and otolith disorganization, which can be attributed to a lo

106 r each cell it was precisely matched for the otolith-driven and canal-driven components of the respon

107 mplete cancellation is brought about because otolith-driven SS responses are also partially integrate

108 ttributable to an incomplete cancellation of otolith-driven SS responses during tilt by a canal-drive

109 ce of a lateral acceleration stimulus to the otoliths during combined translational/rotational motion

110 a bifasciatum) on an oceanic island, we used otolith (ear stone) elemental profiles of lead (Pb) to a

111 ysis of the impact of ocean acidification on otolith (ear stone) size and density of larval cobia (Ra

112 We used natural geochemical signatures in otoliths (ear bones) to determine natal sources in weakf

113 en isotope measurements of aragonite in fish otoliths--ear stones--collected across the Eocene/Oligoc

114 Nonmammalian vertebrates possess a third otolith endorgan, the macula lagena.

115 ope signatures could also be detected in the otoliths even in the presence of a high and variable amo

116 Oxygen isotope profiles in otoliths excavated from Ostra [6010 +/- 90 years before

117 cilia are distributed normally, but anterior otoliths fail to form in 80-85% of mutant ears.

118 hypothetical model for normal otoconial and otolith formation based on matrix vesicle mineralization

119 Knockdown of GP96 resulted in a specific otolith formation defect during early ear development.

120 he GP96 chaperone protein is involved in the otolith formation during normal ear development.

121 also provide the first clear indication that otolith formation is controlled independently in differe

122 ata demonstrate that the ability to initiate otolith formation is limited to a critical period, from

123 st hair cells are missing (atoh1b morphant), otolith formation is severely disrupted and delayed.

124 spite lack of otoliths in early development, otolith formation partially recovers in some fish after

125 owever, the mechanism by which flow controls otolith formation remains unclear.

126 gical antagonist, KN-93, results in aberrant otolith formation without preventing cilia formation.

127 acode, growth of the otic vesicle (otocyst), otolith formation, morphogenesis of the semicircular can

128 e that support cells are required for normal otolith formation, providing the first experimentally es

129 mine effects on somatic growth, development, otolith formation, swimming ability, and swimming activi

130 1 subunit to form a Na,K-ATPase required for otolith formation.

131 conserved gene, otop1, that is essential for otolith formation.

132 antitrypsin activity deficiency and abnormal otolith formation.

133 es were depleted did not facilitate anterior otolith formation.

134 ) bind seeding particles, thereby localizing otolith formation.

135 te the role of cilia and ciliary motility in otolith formation.

136 ations in five loci result in the absence of otolith formation; two of these also produce changes of

137 estigated how Sr is incorporated within fish otoliths from seven species collected from a range of aq

138 n the use of outcome measures, assessment of otolith function and treatment of related balance proble

139 ar maculae fail to develop and the utricular otolith gradually fuses with the saccular otolith.

140 Selectively enhancing one otolith greatly inhibited growth of the second, creating

141 a disappear soon after 24 h, and the rate of otolith growth decreases by nearly 90%.

142 he first report of significantly wider daily otolith growth increments.

143 Otolith growth is initiated at 18-18.5 h by localized ac

144 nutes for four months, after which the daily otolith growth of N. bankieri was aligned with correspon

145 und the otoliths in young fish, accelerating otolith growth while the local pH is controlled.

146 liths caused them to fuse, greatly enhancing otolith growth.

147 has shown that key larval traits recorded in otoliths (growth rate, energetic condition at settlement

148 From incremental microsampling of otoliths, however, we can resolve the seasonal variation

149 The results, however, did not support the otolith hypothesis.

150 rturbs formation of the anterior (utricular) otolith in the developing ear.

151 cs in West Greenland using DNA from archived otoliths in combination with fish population and niche b

152 Despite lack of otoliths in early development, otolith formation partial

153 tructures--otoconia in higher vertebrates or otoliths in fish--that deflect the sensory hair bundles

154 during OVAR being primarily mediated by the otoliths in response to the sinusoidally varying linear

155 the normal biomineralization of otoconia and otoliths in the inner ear of vertebrates.

156 he regenerate, and the appearance of ectopic otoliths in the neural tube, in the context of otherwise

157 icles, kidney cysts, and an excess number of otoliths in the otic vesicles.

158 ves freely through the epithelium around the otoliths in young fish, accelerating otolith growth whil

159 Sturgeon otoliths, in contrast, have been characterized as the ra

160 ure was the only significant driver of daily otolith increment width, with increasing temperatures re

161 across time, and Ba/Sr ratios in modern cod otoliths indicate increasing use of a more saline habita

162 re were similar in both modern and Stone Age otoliths, indicating consistent migration habits across

163 Peripheral otolith information, however, is ambiguous and cannot di

164 eighted at low frequencies, the weighting of otolith input increased with frequency.

165 the cerebellar nodulus in the processing of otolith input.

166 ng the integration of semicircular canal and otolith inputs required for accurate posture and motor c

167 ircular canal-ocular, and semicircular canal-otolith interaction assessments suggested impairment of

168 otolith-ocular reflex and semicircular canal-otolith interaction.

169 The chemistry of fish ear bones (otoliths) is used to address fundamental questions in fi

170 neration at discrete periods up to 1 year in otolith maculas.

171 w that het mice not only lack all aspects of otolith mediated VOR, but also are deficient in canal me

172 e of the cerebellum in the generation of the otolith-mediated linear vestibulo-ocular reflex (LVOR).

173 f local recruitment, in studies interpreting otolith microchemistry and, conversely, a lack of geneti

174 xperiments, life histories extrapolated from otolith microchemistry interpretations and other methods

175 habitats in the Straits of Florida and used otolith microstructure analysis to compare growth and si

176 Here we investigate the initial stages of otolith morphogenesis in wild-type embryos as well as in

177 dynamics is actively involved in controlling otolith morphogenesis.

178 cilia impairs otolith seeding and subsequent otolith morphogenesis.

179 Many of the ear and otolith mutants show an expected behavioural phenotype:

180 Neolithic (4500 B.P.) cod otoliths (n = 12) had low levels of Mn/Ca ratios, consis

181 egligible overlap in the distribution of the otolith nerves, although each otolith afferent shared co

182 ughly half of such chimeras formed utricular otoliths normally, indicating that the transplanted wild

183 Otolith number, size and placement are under strict deve

184 Testing focused on the otolith-ocular reflex and semicircular canal-otolith int

185 l instability may occur because of defective otolith-ocular reflexes (OORs) which are the eye movemen

186 ggest that complex neural adjustments to the otolith-ocular reflexes mediate HTDHT.

187 Otolith-ocular reflexes remained normal.

188 cts, all cerebellar patients showed impaired otolith-ocular responses.

189 role of the cerebellum in the modulation of otolith-ocular signals that is independent of motor verg

190 the range of vestibulo-ocular, in particular otolith-ocular, manifestations within a family with epis

191 s indicate that it controls the synthesis of otoliths of the inner ear.

192 Chemical signatures in the otoliths of yearlings from regional nurseries were disti

193 t is characterized by the crystallization of otoliths onto immotile kinocilia that protrude from sens

194 for neurons activated by stimulation of the otoliths or the semicircular canals.

195 g a canal only (vertical axis) or canal plus otolith organ (horizontal axis) stimulus.

196 al neurons of the canal VOR are dependent on otolith organ signals for normal performance.

197 Contributions of semicircular canal versus otolith organ signals were investigated by providing a c

198 For otolith organ-related afferents, the uvula/nodulus recei

199 No direct otolith organ-related inputs to the flocculus were obser

200 which activated the semicircular canals and otolith organs and involved both rotation and flexion in

201 controls, rotations that stimulated both the otolith organs and semicircular canals (upright roll and

202 it behavior suggest that, although the fetal otolith organs are unloaded in microgravity, the fetus'

203 ngagement of the semicircular canals and the otolith organs by head rotation increased breathing freq

204 Selective engagement of the otolith organs during static head-down rotation did not

205 arm and leg during altered feedback from the otolith organs in humans, but that greater vasoconstrict

206 ated with linear accelerations sensed by the otolith organs in the inner ear.

207 f the auditory (VIIIth) nerve from the three otolith organs of the fish inner ear to the M-cell.

208 In response to passively applied motion, the otolith organs of the vestibular system encode changes i

209 Excitation of the otolith organs resulted in widespread c-Fos expression i

210 vating the individual semicircular canal and otolith organs was produced by sectioning individual bra

211 gement of the semicircular canals and/or the otolith organs were measured in fourteen young (26 +/- 1

212 ike regions, the cellular orientation in the otolith organs, and the large cells and ciliary bundles

213 because motion sensors in the inner ear, the otolith organs, and the semicircular canals transduce se

214 gravitoinertial acceleration encoded by the otolith organs, as predicted by theory.

215 ped with a set of linear accelerometers, the otolith organs, that sense the inertial accelerations ex

216 This cue is transduced by the otolith organs.

217 , which includes the semicircular canals and otolith organs.

218 of highly conserved semicircular canals and otolith organs.

219 agnitudes handled by semicircular canals and otolith organs.

220 sympathetic activation by engagement of the otolith organs.

221 d orientation are influenced by the macular (otolith) organs, via the tilt maculo-ocular reflex (tilt

222 Palaeo-temperatures reconstructed from mean otolith oxygen isotope values show little change through

223 We hypothesized that nodular lesions abolish otolith-perceptual integration, predicting alignment of

224 phant], supernumerary hair cells develop and otolith precursor particles bind to the tips of all kino

225 Otolith precursor particles did not adhere to the kinoci

226 The initial seeding step, in which otolith precursor particles tether directly to the tips

227 Otolith precursor particles, initially distributed throu

228 c vesicle create fluid vortices that attract otolith precursor particles, thereby biasing an otherwis

229 pport a model in which hair cells produce an otolith precursor-binding factor, normally localised to

230 ea catfish (Galeichthys peruvianus) sagittal otoliths preserve a record of modern and mid-Holocene se

231 after the first month displayed a nearshore otolith profile.

232 nly linear acceleration information from the otolith receptors but also angular velocity signals from

233 een these observations and the properties of otolith receptors suggest that vestibular signals themse

234 chus erithreus, and a muscle tissue of fish, Otolithes ruber, were analyzed as real samples and good

235 ther cell kinocilia or beating cilia impairs otolith seeding and subsequent otolith morphogenesis.

236 wise random distribution to direct localized otolith seeding on tether cilia.

237 This process, referred to as otolith seeding, is regulated by two classes of cilia: F

238 lication of this hydrodynamic effect is that otolith self-assembly is mediated by the balance between

239 ether, these findings indicate that a normal otolith signal contributes an important role to HD cell

240 to the medium-latency response whilst a net otolith signal does not make a significant contribution

241 head disturbances (rotational VOR), whereas otolith signals compensate for translational movements [

242 To investigate how extra-otolith signals contribute, we characterized the tempora

243 hanism underlying the marked cancellation of otolith signals did not affect other characteristics of

244 integrates these extra-vestibular cues with otolith signals during active linear self-motion remains

245 ifferential projections of sensory canal and otolith signals onto eye-contra and eye-ipsi cells, resp

246 Present data indicate that graviceptive otolith signals present a predominant role in the multis

247 We show that, in addition to otolith signals, angular head position signals derived b

248 g convergence between semicircular canal and otolith signals.

249 narios resulted in a significant increase in otolith size (up to 25% larger area) at the lowest pCO2

250 xide (pCO2) significantly increased not only otolith size (up to 49% greater volume and 58% greater r

251 e was a similar but nonsignificant trend for otolith size.

252 c classes, affecting presence or size of the otoliths, size and shape of the otic vesicle and formati

253 nating the shape and type of crystal in fish otoliths ( Sollner et al.).

254 Impairment of the corresponding otolith-spinal reflexes may contribute substantially to

255 Neurons responded far less robustly to otolith stimulation during self-generated than passive h

256 The data show that otolith stimulation engages brainstem structures both wi

257 sterior canal afferents, with no evidence of otolith stimulation.

258 ty off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR), a pure otolith stimulus, indicated that the modulation componen

259 inct morphologies of otoconial particles and otoliths suggest divergent developmental mechanisms.

260 en decreased functionality of the vestibular otolith system and a decrease in the mean arterial press

261 Our finding indicates that an intact otolith system plays an important role in preventing blo

262 d that neural regeneration in the vestibular otolith system would recapitulate the topographic phenot

263 Their otolith systems are being temporarily disturbed and at t

264 nts on Earth could selectively suppress both otolith systems; astronauts returning from space are a u

265 we have identified two proteins required for otolith tethering in the zebrafish ear, and propose that

266 At later larval stages, maintenance of otolith tethering to the saccular macula is dependent on

267 ciliary motility are absolutely required for otolith tethering: a mutant that lacks cilia completely

268 in is only expressed in the palps and in the otolith, the pigmented sister cell of the light-sensing

269 hic membrane (OM) couples a single calcified otolith to the sensory epithelium in the bluegill sunfis

270 l (SVV) is an important sign of a vestibular otolith tone imbalance in the roll plane.

271 ricles, deeply grooved sulci on the saccular otoliths, two-planar saccular sensory epithelia, and a u

272 characterized the structure of Lake Sturgeon otoliths using thermal analysis and neutron powder diffr

273 mediated by graviceptors in the head, i.e., otoliths, versus other body graviceptors.

274 the aragonitic calcium carbonate lattice of otoliths via random chemical replacement of calcium; how

275 n of the linear acceleration signal from the otoliths was predicted to change substantially when usin

276 Using "natural tag" properties of otoliths, we found significant correlations between the

277 Otoliths, which are connected to stereociliary bundles i

278 ee large extracellular biomineral particles, otoliths, which have evolved to transduce the force of g

279 ssess primarily normal, aragonite-containing otoliths, while hatchery-reared juveniles possessed a hi

280 n acidification has a graded effect on cobia otoliths, with the potential to substantially influence