ライフサイエンスコーパス: overpotential

1 over frequency of 15000 H2 per hour at 50 mV overpotential).

2 of Al(3+) occurs at -1.16 V vs. SCE (500 mV overpotential).

3 (see picture; I = current density and eta = overpotential).

4 h nearly 50% Faradaic efficiency at moderate overpotential.

5 xplaining the change in the active site with overpotential.

6 line silver electrocatalyst requires a large overpotential.

7 tion mechanism and their implications to the overpotential.

8 rogen oxidation displaying high rates at low overpotential.

9 Li2S shows good cyclability with low charge overpotential.

10 rovide efficient O2 reduction with almost no overpotential.

11 Catalysis occurs at about 750 mV overpotential.

12 lytic Tafel plots, which relate kinetics and overpotential.

13 age hysteresis is mainly due to the Mg anode overpotential.

14 is driven even moderately hard using a large overpotential.

15 into CO occurs in water (pH 7.3) with 480 mV overpotential.

16 ders of magnitude with a minimal increase in overpotential.

17 an CNTs, and obtained at significantly lower overpotentials.

18 uce carbon dioxide at moderate rates and low overpotentials.

19 talysts for hydrogen evolution with very low overpotentials.

20 atalytic reduction of O2 and H2O2 at reduced overpotentials.

21 nated dimers are observable with FTIR at low overpotentials.

22 rately charged O anions give rise to smaller overpotentials.

23 is possible in high pH aqueous media at low overpotentials.

24 f the Ir/C-Pt/C couple for sufficiently high overpotentials.

25 ective for >2e(-) oxygenate formation at low overpotentials.

26 thyl carbonate on metallic electrodes at low overpotentials.

27 selective formation of C2-C3 products at low overpotentials.

28 as electrocatalysts that still require large overpotentials.

29 efficiencies, high current densities and low overpotentials.

30 he (311) surface being most active at medium overpotentials (0.46-0.77 V), where O-O bond formation b

31 r glucose oxidation of 1.04 mA cm(-2) at low overpotentials (-0.1 V) with a detection limit of 1 muM

32 In this paper we applied AC overpotentials (10-630 mV) with frequencies in the range

33 This complex oxidizes H2 (1-33 s(-1)) at low overpotentials (150-365 mV) over a range of pH values (0

34 elled FeCoW oxyhydroxides exhibit the lowest overpotential (191 millivolts) reported at 10 milliamper

35 A large decrease in the oxidation overpotential (220 mV) and significant enhancement in th

36 highly active in aqueous media with very low overpotentials (30 mV).

37 HCOOH formation begins at lower overpotential (350 mV) and reaches a steady Faradaic eff

38 on can be completely suppressed even at high overpotentials (-400 mV vs RHE).

39 radaic efficiency of 90 +/- 10%) at moderate overpotentials (500-700 mV in DMF measured at the middle

40 e metals with a high current density and low overpotential (54 mV) in an ionic liquid.

41 repared Li/C-wood electrode presents a lower overpotential (90 mV at 3 mAcm(-2)), more-stable strippi

42 s in terms of increased activity and reduced overpotential, a bulky bipyridine ligand, 6,6'-dimesityl

43 Cu center to lead to an active WOC with low overpotential, akin to the use of the tyrosine radical b

44 lly favored reaction pathway (lowest minimum overpotential) among all dopants considered.

45 bridging leads to highly efficient (-157 mV overpotential and 41 mV/decade Tafel slope) and stable (

46 erve as bioelectrocatalytic systems with low overpotential and a high O2 evolution ratio against H2O2

47 s for hydrazine oxidation reaction, with low overpotential and high current density.

48 energy within water molecules provides lower overpotential and higher efficiency in electrolytic hydr

49 st elements and possessing much lower charge overpotential and higher reversibility compared to their

50 active sites, which dramatically lowers the overpotential and increases the activity of CO2 electror

51 catalyst by significantly reducing catalytic overpotential and increasing current density and efficie

52 ormic acid with high selectivity but at high overpotential and low current density.

53 ced to explain the surface dependence of the overpotential and product selectivity.

54 th regards to the entire studied series, the overpotential and Tafel slope for catalytic HER are both

55 evolution reaction activity with comparable overpotential and Tafel slope to some of well-developed

56 racteristics by decreasing analyte oxidation overpotential and thereby augmented the electrode kineti

57 bility, LiI addition also decreases the cell overpotential and voltage hysteresis.

58 at PTE catalyzes the reduction of CO2 at low overpotential and without the involvement of any metal.

59 duction to CO with high efficiency at modest overpotentials and high selectivity relative to hydrogen

60 PEI-CNT fibers have lower overpotentials and higher sensitivities than PVA-CNT fib

61 /Nafion-MWCNTs film modified SPE, lowers the overpotentials and improves electrochemical behavior of

62 the-art metal oxide catalysts under moderate overpotentials and in a remarkably large pH range, inclu

63 er frequencies of CoFeOx and CoFeNiOx at low overpotentials and the simple deposition method allow th

64 reactions with electroactive species at low overpotentials and their high surface-to-volume ratio pr

65 to its complex charge transfer process, high overpotential, and corrosion.

66 s the result of ohmic voltage drop, reaction overpotential, and different spatial distributions of el

67 coalescence depends on the material and the overpotential, and influences strongly the morphology of

68 he electronic and protonic components of the overpotential, and points out what are needed to improve

69 n, demonstrating high current densities, low overpotential, and remarkable stability in bulk form.

70 e CO faradaic yield is nearly quantitative), overpotential, and turnover frequency.

71 he measurement of high photovoltages and low overpotentials, and leads to very good stability against

72 er splitting with high reaction rates at low overpotentials, and supercapacitors for energy storage w

73 nanoseeds in the 3D substrate, showing a low overpotential ( approximately 0.025 V) for a long cycle

74 ly 3,390 mAh g(-1) of capacity, exhibits low overpotential ( approximately 80 mV at 3 mA cm(-2)) and

75 els the maxim that metals with high hydrogen overpotential are best for electrochemical hydride gener

76 metric current densities of -10 mA cm(-2) at overpotentials as low as -145 mV vs the reversible hydro

77 d CO2 can be reduced at silver electrodes at overpotentials as low as 0.17 V, forming formate.

78 ectivity for CO evolution can be obtained at overpotentials as low as 0.4 V.

79 selective CO(2) reduction to CO in water at overpotentials as low as 140 mV and retain their activit

80 1 M KOH and with the most active electrode, overpotentials as low as 240 and 270 mV are required to

81 catalytic current density of 10 mA cm(-2) at overpotentials as low as 48 mV, with outstanding long-te

82 ecomposes upon cycling with discharge/charge overpotentials as low as 50 mV.

83 f hours) current densities of 1 mA cm(-2) at overpotentials as low as 540 mV at pH 9.2 and 400 mV at

84 catalysts and shows that H2O2 is formed with overpotentials as low as 90 mV.

85 2 reduction occurs selectively to formate at overpotentials as low as approximately 340 mV.

86 catalyst is self-supported, eliminating the overpotential associated with the catalyst/support inter

87 to produce hydrogen from water under a mild overpotential at more than twice the rate of state-of-th

88 eduction of CO to ethylene at relatively low overpotentials at (100) facets.

89 n relatively low losses due to concentration overpotentials at 1 Sun illumination.

90 rption energies of OER intermediates and low overpotentials at Fe sites.

91 ires a current density of 500 mA/cm(2) at an overpotential below 300 mV with long-term stability.

92 O2 to CO with appreciable current density at overpotentials below 0.2 V.

93 m(-2) current densities at similar operating overpotentials between 0.35 and 0.43 V, and (2) every sy

94 tely 0.7-4 mS cm(-1) at approximately 300 mV overpotential), but that FeOOH is an insulator with meas

95 Pd reduces CO2 to HCO2(-) with no overpotential, but this activity has previously been lim

96 n also be further enhanced by decreasing its overpotential by 150 mV at a current density of 1.0 mA/c

97 subsequently, a substantial decrease in the overpotential by about 650 mV compared with the bare GC

98 ea (ECSA), lower the requisite CO2 reduction overpotential by hundreds of millivolts (catalytic onset

99 ER from aqueous acid, decreasing the kinetic overpotential by more than 200 mV at a benchmark current

100 ter oxidation, the material exhibits a lower overpotential, by ~100 mV, than monometallic Co-based so

101 ridinic nitrogen significantly decreases the overpotential (ca. -0.18 V) and increases the selectivit

102 ionation of CO2 to CO and CO3(2-) at a lower overpotential (ca. 250 mV) than the corresponding single

103 els of nickel can perform water oxidation at overpotentials comparable to many recently reported wate

104 eased, with single atoms showing the largest overpotentials compared to bulk Pt.

105 indicate ready promotion of Ni(4+) under low overpotential conditions.

106 as high as 17 mA cm(-2) under 1 sun and zero overpotential conditions.

107 The one at lower overpotentials corresponds to immobilized Lc molecules t

108 Two overpotential-dependent Sabatier relationships were iden

109 and no significant OER current until >400 mV overpotential, different from previous reports which wer

110 band electrodes (EANEs), at which sufficient overpotential drives highly efficient electrochemical pr

111 It also halves the overpotential during discharge, increases the capacity 8

112 kinetics, which enables a considerably lower overpotential during the charging process.

113 are not characterized by their TOF and their overpotential (eta) as separate parameters but rather th

114 The overpotential (eta) for the OER correlates with the inte

115 tomic %)-intercalated birnessite exhibits an overpotential (eta) of 400 mV for OER at an anodic curre

116 that the film exhibits a low catalytic onset overpotential (eta) of 43 mV, a Tafel slope of 93 mV/dec

117 n electrodeposited CoP catalyst exhibited an overpotential, eta, of -eta < 100 mV at a current densit

118 Reduction of CO2 occurs at one of the lowest overpotentials ever reported for molecular electrocataly

119 ransport to electrocatalyst surfaces at high overpotentials exhibited a surprisingly rich phenomenolo

120 exhibit approximately 100 mV improvement in overpotential following exposure to dilute hydrazine, wh

121 functionality translates into a 150 mV lower overpotential for 2(2-) with respect to 1(2-) and an imp

122 ce area), with only 270 to 290 millivolts of overpotential for 30 hours of continuous testing in acid

123 At the same time, the overpotential for AA oxidation was confirmed as being ve

124 At N-CNTs, the overpotential for both H2O2 oxidation and reduction is s

125 rbon rings is revealed to exhibit the lowest overpotential for both oxygen reduction and evolution ca

126 d choice on activity is often reduced to the overpotential for catalysis.

127 the Co(I/0) couple, therefore decreasing the overpotential for CO2 reduction.

128 ation-first pathway, minimizing the required overpotential for electrocatalytic CO2 to CO conversion

129 ghly efficient enzyme immobilization and low overpotential for electron transfer, allowing for glucos

130 ect of B and N co-doping, high N content and overpotential for hydrogen evolution.

131 most stable (0001) surface has a very large overpotential for OER independent of lithium content.

132 ent of acid-stable electrocatalysts with low overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a m

133 ate constants are calculated as functions of overpotential for the concerted electron-proton transfer

134 By effectively reducing the overpotential for the electro-oxidation, these alloy NPs

135 ectron transfer kinetics and decrease in the overpotential for the oxidation reaction of A and G.

136 ectron transfer kinetics and decrease in the overpotential for the oxidation reaction of adenine.

137 but its performance is limited by the large overpotential for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).

138 affinity of Pt for CO helps to decrease the overpotential for the reduction of CO2 and therefore blo

139 Next, we compare the theoretical overpotentials for all three surfaces and find that the

140 d oxidized copper catalysts displaying lower overpotentials for carbon dioxide electroreduction and r

141 lations between electrochemical observables (overpotentials for catalysis in each direction, position

142 "Activation" overpotentials for Li2S are identified in thicker films,

143 rnover frequency (TOF) around 4 s(-1) and an overpotential greater than 1 V.

144 tivity (2.2 x 10(-2) mS cm(-1)) only at high overpotentials >400 mV.

145 ration of this Co-S film, along with its low overpotential, high activity, and long-term aqueous stab

146 d molecular catalyst oxidizes water with low overpotential, high turnover frequency and minimal degra

147 n reaction (OER) is currently working out at overpotentials higher than 320 mV.

148 ns in polyethyleneimine (PEI) provided lower overpotentials, higher sensitivity and much higher signa

149 of hydrogen through electrocatalysis at low overpotentials holds tremendous promise for clean energy

150 of catalysis (by over 10-fold) at these low overpotentials (i.e., the same potential as CO2 binding)

151 e process and its relationship to the charge overpotential in a Li-O2 cell for large surface area cat

152 er mg Pd) when driven by less than 200 mV of overpotential in aqueous bicarbonate solutions.

153 ectrocatalytic studies because of their high overpotential in proton and oxygen reduction.

154 The high overpotential in water oxidation on anodes is a limiting

155 rbons and oxygenates at considerably lowered overpotentials in neutral pH aqueous media.

156 of morphine, noscapine and heroin at reduced overpotentials in wide pH range.

157 lots" relating the turnover frequency to the overpotential independently of the characteristics of th

158 Reduction of O2 occurs with limited overpotential indicating that all the coppers in the act

159 capacity at the aromatic ring increases, the overpotential is drastically reduced down to a record lo

160 ntribution of the photovoltage, the charging overpotential is greatly reduced.

161 of only 220 mV; the extrapolated TOF at zero overpotential is larger than 300 s(-1).

162 is energetically inefficient because >1 V of overpotential is required for CO2 reduction to HCO2(-) o

163 This behavior, which underlies the low overpotential, is rationalized on the basis of the catal

164 duction current from H2O2, especially at low overpotentials, is attributed to increased oxygen reduct

165 rode offers a unique strategy to address the overpotential issue of non-aqueous lithium-oxygen batter

166 The Li-Mg alloy has low overpotential, leading to a lower interfacial resistance

167 , several could operate at 10 mA cm(-2) with overpotentials <0.1 V in acidic and/or alkaline solution

168 te electrode with small Li plating/stripping overpotential (<90 mV) at a high current density of 3 mA

169 e on the (001) surface is most active at low overpotentials (<0.46 V), where O2 release is rate limit

170 equencies (TOF) (up to 10,000 s(-1)) and low overpotentials (<100 mV).

171 ybrid and commercial Pt/C catalyst at medium overpotential, mainly through a 4e reduction pathway.

172 n nanotubes (N-CNTs) substantially lower the overpotential necessary for dihydronicotinamide adenine

173 Our primary figure of merit is the overpotential necessary to achieve a magnitude current d

174 highly curved surface, resulting in smaller overpotentials needed to overcome the thermodynamic barr

175 frequency of 9400 hour(-1)) at pH 7 with an overpotential of -0.55 volts, equivalent to a 26-fold im

176 ytic current density of 10 mA/cm(2) at a low overpotential of -187 mV vs RHE and a Tafel slope of 43

177 HER) activities of VS2 show an extremely low overpotential of -68 mV at 10 mA cm(-2), small Tafel slo

178 thodic current density of 20 mA cm(-2) at an overpotential of -85 mV.

179 the high current density [200 mA/cm(2) at an overpotential of 0.3 V comparable to platinum (0.44 V)].

180 capable of catalyzing water oxidation at an overpotential of 0.33 V with a 96% Faradaic efficiency w

181 ucing a current density of 10 mA/cm(2) at an overpotential of 0.39 V (1.62 V vs RHE, no iR-correction

182 (0.14 s(-1) and 126 A/g, respectively) at an overpotential of 0.4 V.

183 ing a current density of 1.33 mA/cm(2) at an overpotential of 0.42 V.

184 ycine as an efficient catalyst with a modest overpotential of 0.475 +/- 0.005 V at a current density

185 with an estimated TOF of 58 000 s(-1) and an overpotential of 0.5 V.

186 and a turnover frequency of 4.1 s(-1) at the overpotential of 0.52 V in a near-neutral aqueous soluti

187 eak acids and proceeds at 5000 s(-1) with an overpotential of 0.7 V.

188 This yields an overpotential of 0.77 V, a value only slightly above the

189 discharge capacity of 8.6 mAh cm(-2) , a low overpotential of 1.15 V, and stable operation exceeding

190 d to superior HER catalytic activity with an overpotential of 152 mV versus reversible hydrogen elect

191 ields current densities of 10 mA/cm(2) at an overpotential of 177 mV, 500 mA/cm(2) at only 265 mV, an

192 over the best-known catalysts, with an onset overpotential of 190 mV and high stability in 0.1 M perc

193 virtue of the synergetic effect, a low onset overpotential of 20 mV and a Tafel slope of 36 mV dec(-1

194 Specifically, a low overpotential of 219 mV is achieved at the geometric cur

195 oxidation, with O2 evolution occurring at an overpotential of 230 mV in 0.1 M HClO4 .

196 her enhanced electrocatalysis, with a lowest overpotential of 260 mV at 10 mA cm(-2).

197 xhibits an excellent OER activity with a low overpotential of 280 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm

198 e Tafel slope of 32 mV dec(-1) and intrinsic overpotential of 280 mV.

199 t in basic media, passing 10 mA cm(-2) at an overpotential of 336 mV with a Tafel slope of 30 mV dec(

200 duces acids to H2 in dichloromethane with an overpotential of 380 mV and a turnover frequency of 32 +

201 In the OER studies, alpha-MnO2 displays an overpotential of 490 mV compared to 380 mV shown by an I

202 h the pyrene and the graphene, displaying an overpotential of 538 mV, a kcat of 540 s(-1) and produci

203 rnover frequency of 0.28 per second at a low overpotential of 54 millivolts.

204 Meanwhile, an overpotential of 540 mV at 10 mA cm(-2) is attained in a

205 the current density of activated MnOx (at an overpotential of 600 mV) is 2 orders of magnitude higher

206 l framework (N-Ni) exhibits an extremely low overpotential of 64 mV at 10 mA cm(-2), which is, to our

207 d potential electrolysis at a relatively low overpotential of 640 mV.

208 er a current density of 37.2 mA cm(-2) at an overpotential of 70 mV, which is 9.7 times higher than t

209 large electrocatalytic water oxidation wave (overpotential of 700 mV).

210 gen production per Co site was 4 s(-1) at an overpotential of 800 mV at pH 7.2.

211 quency ~6.7 s(-1) measured over 10 min at an overpotential of 852 mV, and a turnover number of 2.5 x

212 atalytic performance was achieved with a low overpotential of 96 mV at a current density of 10 mA.cm(

213 lly, CO starts to be observed at an ultralow overpotential of 96 mV, further confirming the superiori

214 a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) at a small overpotential of a mere 0.331 V and a small Tafel slope

215 Electrochemical measurements showed a low overpotential of approximately 0.12 V at 20 mA/cm(2), sm

216 in an acidic electrolyte (100 mA/cm(2) at an overpotential of approximately 180 mV).

217 trocatalyst in aqueous electrolyte solution (overpotential of approximately 200 mV at pH 4.5 with a F

218 mation could be achieved with a reduction in overpotential of approximately 200 mV, and catalytic tur

219 ), in 1 M Na2CO3, reaching 10 mA/cm(2) at an overpotential of approximately 550 mV for 10 nm thick fi

220 voltammetric behavior, whereas the oxidation overpotential of ascorbic acid (AA) is significantly dec

221 ) in MeCN under 1 atm H2 with an unoptimized overpotential of ca. 500 mV using triethylamine as a bas

222 cal electric fields drastically decrease the overpotential of CO2 electroreduction.

223 cer of electron transfer (ET) and lowers the overpotential of electrocatalytic oxygen reduction react

224 s the most active one as characterized by an overpotential of eta = 0.48 V.

225 ly aqueous conditions with a catalytic onset overpotential of eta = 360 mV, and controlled potential

226 tely 0.1-0.5 mmol.cm(-2).h(-1) at an applied overpotential of eta approximately 250 mV for a cathode

227 nanoseeds effectively reduce the nucleation overpotential of Li and guide the Li deposition in the 3

228 1) reached at pH 11.6 with 1 M PO4(3-) at an overpotential of only 180 mV.

229 as high as 10(6) s(-1) and is reached at an overpotential of only 220 mV; the extrapolated TOF at ze

230 t catalytic activity for OER with a ultralow overpotential of only 232 mV at 10 mA cm(-2) and possess

231 th a turnover frequency of 1240 s(-1) and an overpotential of only 265 mV for half activity at low ac

232 mon resonance (SPR) of Au nanoparticles, low overpotential of Pt nanoparticles, and more importantly,

233 catalytic activity by lowering the oxidation overpotential of test analyte and thereby amplifying ele

234 Lastly, we demonstrate that the overpotential of the (1014) surface can be lowered furth

235 Our work shows that the overpotential of the electrocatalytic ORR is determined

236 s polycrystalline counterpart under moderate overpotentials of <0.50 V.

237 a, with a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) at overpotentials of -94 mV for HER and 345 mV for OER and

238 tiate the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at overpotentials of 0.3 V in alkaline media.

239 current densities of 10 and 20 mA cm(-2) at overpotentials of 150 and 180 mV, respectively, outperfo

240 rnover frequencies of 0.66-2.0 s(-1) and low overpotentials of 160-220 mV.

241 nsities of 10 mA cm(-2) and 100 mA cm(-2) at overpotentials of 48 mV and 109 mV, respectively.

242 The hybrid nanostructures exhibit overpotentials of 70 mV for hydrogen evolution and 235 m

243 t densities of jCO = 5-8 mA/cm(2) at applied overpotentials of eta < 250 mV.

244 The oxidation overpotentials of L-cysteine decreased significantly and

245 fficiency is greatly undermined by the large overpotentials of the discharge (formation of Li(2)O(2))

246 achieving 10 mA cm(-2) current densities at overpotentials of ~0.33-0.5 V.

247 is considered responsible for the large OER overpotential on TiO2.

248 w cations favor ethylene over methane at low overpotentials on Cu(100).

249 r the design of future electrodes with lower overpotentials, one of the key challenges for high perfo

250 atalytic activity and selectivity at lowered overpotential originate from the shape-controlled struct

251 oderate rates (33 s(-1) at approximately 1 V overpotential, pH 12.5).

252 dergoes reduction at significantly increased overpotentials, producing only CO as the product.

253 al-Co site that is most active in the medium overpotential range is consistent with recent experiment

254 T ln 10, 0) that may even coexist within the overpotential range of a single plot.

255 ic Tafel behavior (log turnover frequency vs overpotential relationship) of [Mn(mesbpy)(CO)3(MeCN)](O

256 However, the large charging overpotential remains a challenge due to the difficulty

257 te in neutral or acidic environments and low overpotentials remains a fundamental challenge for the r

258 Our primary figure of merit is the overpotential required to achieve a current density of 1

259 n turnover frequency (TOF) and the effective overpotential required to initiate catalysis (etaeff).

260 ading combined with its high activity at low overpotential results in significant improvement on the

261 ase in OER activity ( approximately 0.1 V in overpotential shift at 10 mA cm(-2)) is observed for the

262 on (OER) electrode exhibits charge-discharge overpotentials similar to the counterparts of Pt/C ORR e

263 ion reaction (OER); however, they operate at overpotentials substantially above thermodynamic require

264 e predictions concern the current density vs overpotential (Tafel) plots and their dependence on buff

265 Nucleation is found to require a greater overpotential than growth, which results in a morphology

266 n of O2 to H2O efficiently with a much lower overpotential than most other O2 reduction catalysts.

267 ge roughness factors and required 0.5 V less overpotential than polycrystalline Cu to reduce CO(2) at

268 Fe/N/C as the cathode catalyst showed lower overpotentials than alpha-MnO(2)/carbon catalyst and car

269 to value-added liquid products at much lower overpotentials than that of OER.

270 ation occurs prior to oxidation, leads to an overpotential that is 0.38 V lower compared to the pathw

271 Theoretical studies show that P-CC has a low overpotential that is comparable to Pt-based catalysts,

272 a photoelectrochemical cell suffers from an overpotential that limits the efficiencies.

273 ny challenges, one of which is a high-charge overpotential that results in large inefficiencies.

274 site on the (110) surface is most active at overpotentials that are high enough (>0.77 V) to form a

275 At high overpotentials the current is shown to reach a quasi-ste

276 ethods require at least 200 mV of additional overpotential to attain comparable CO(2) reduction activ

277 oxidized state that requires a large (2.8 V) overpotential to return to the neutral form.

278 at results in a dramatic reduction in charge overpotential to ~0.2 V.

279 O4 reveals the rate-determining step at high overpotentials to be the transfer of the cation across t

280 the catalyst by the value of the TOF at zero overpotential (TOF(0)).

281 in water with high energy efficiency (180 mV overpotential) under 1 atm H2 , and 144,000 s(-1) (460 m

282 ) under 1 atm H2 , and 144,000 s(-1) (460 mV overpotential) under 133 atm H2.

283 200 mA cm(-2) current density at only 206 mV overpotential using a carbon-rod counter electrode.

284 eduction of CO2 to formate and syngas at low overpotentials, utilizing a reactive ionic liquid as the

285 The cathode overpotential was dependent on the catholyte (sodium bic

286 Cathodic overpotential was identified as the main energy loss fac

287 made of earth-abundant metals and enable low overpotential water splitting.

288 uniform barrier heights in series with a low overpotential water-splitting electrochemical cell.

289 accuracies in the turnover frequency at zero overpotential when the kinetic and thermodynamic effects

290 ts cannot adequately address the problematic overpotentials when the surfaces become passivated.

291 allenges is the reduction of the high charge overpotential: Whereas lithium peroxide (Li2O2) is forme

292 on of AA on this anode occurs at a quite low overpotential which enables the anode to be connected to

293 s reiterate the catalytic effect in reducing overpotentials, which not only enhances battery efficien

294 , the enzyme shows higher activity and lower overpotential with better stability, while at low pH, th

295 Catalysis sets in at about 300 mV overpotential with high turnover frequencies that outper

296 y)(CO)3(CH3CN)}(OTf), saving up to 0.55 V in overpotential with respect to the thermodynamically dema

297 selectively produced at significantly lower overpotentials with nearly quantitative faradaic yields

298 erform Pt/C in ORR current density at medium overpotentials with stability superior to Pt/C in alkali

299 different sites are highly dependent on the overpotential, with the dual-Co site on the (311) surfac

300 s, H2O2 will be oxidized or reduced at large overpotentials, with a large potential region between th