ライフサイエンスコーパス: oxidative

1 verskin extracts protected erythrocytes from oxidative AAPH- and H2O2-induced hemolysis, but at high

2 er oxidative activation, O-O bond formation, oxidative activation of peroxide intermediates, and O2 e

3 has been divided in four major steps: water oxidative activation, O-O bond formation, oxidative acti

4 The reaction is triggered by oxidative addition of an activated amide C-N bond to a N

5 clusters, C-H bond activation occurs via an oxidative addition step that involves a three-center (H3

6 hanism involving nickel(0)-mediated benzylic oxidative addition with inversion of stereochemistry fol

7 rs to generate a three-coordinate product of oxidative addition, a metallacyclic version of which has

8 (enabled by polarity matching), alkyl halide oxidative addition, and reductive elimination to enable

9 The oxidative addition-reductive elimination mechanism via a

10 and Pasteur index quantify the responses of oxidative and glycolytic ATP production to alterations i

11 Thus, Tbx15 differentially regulates oxidative and glycolytic metabolism within subpopulation

12 ly produced NETs and displayed indicators of oxidative and mitochondrial stress, supportive of their

13 ng NOS, restoring NO production and reducing oxidative and nitrosative stress.

14 chondrial respiratory capacity and decreased oxidative and nitrosative stress.

15 g those that control the balance between non-oxidative and oxidative branches of central carbon metab

16 on of a Pd(II)-C palladacycle followed by an oxidative aromatization to generate the pyridine core.

17 o or formyl group through the intramolecular oxidative aza-annulation of enynyl azides is reported fo

18 ontrol the balance between non-oxidative and oxidative branches of central carbon metabolism.

19 signaling of CyaA-generated cAMP blocks the oxidative burst capacity of neutrophils by two convergin

20 f the roots caused by harvesting triggers an oxidative burst that spreads throughout the cassava root

21 owever, monocyte phagocytosis was normal and oxidative burst was augmented, suggesting that their inn

22 RA101295 reduced the E. coli-induced "oxidative burst," as well as leukocyte activation, witho

23 novel applications using blue light induced oxidative bursts to prime crop plants against the delete

24 Reactive halogens influence the oxidative capacity of the troposphere directly as oxidan

25 However, they also cause non-oxidative cell death because anaerobic bacteria are also

26 The koose inhibited radical-induced oxidative cellular and DNA damage.

27 elf-termination and cross-termination of the oxidative chain.

28 ccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) catalyze the oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds in recalcitrant p

29 In this study, we show that low oxidative concentrations of H2O2 also impede chemokinesi

30 ing and low turnover numbers relative to non-oxidative cross-coupling reactions.

31 o occur at ambient temperature and the final oxidative cyclization occurs when the substrate is expos

32 eart genomic DNA analysis revealed iterative oxidative cytosine modification accumulation in mice exp

33 ta and Tau accumulation through increases in oxidative damage and cellular energy deficits; these, in

34 en species accumulation, limiting downstream oxidative damage and preserving mitochondrial function.

35 plantation, and autoimmunity, and preventing oxidative damage associated with inflammation.

36 n complexes in biological fluids that resist oxidative damage during heme-driven inflammation.

37 dynamics, immune defences, antioxidants and oxidative damage in different tissues vary along the urb

38 r acellular capillaries and were stained for oxidative damage markers using nitrotyrosine immunohisto

39 ROS can cause oxidative damage particularly to proteins.

40 rategies to enhance respiration and initiate oxidative damage should improve tuberculosis chemotherap

41 ective than the HRGS system in promoting the oxidative damage to food proteins.

42 UV-A exposed PG caused oxidative damage to the cell and significantly higher da

43 We found that sugar-fed moths had lower oxidative damage to their flight muscle membranes than u

44 Oxidative damage was observed in livers from Ppargc1a(f/

45 glycation, is quantitatively as important as oxidative damage.

46 ide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) catalyses oxidative deamination of primary amines.

47 in-dependent monooxygenase that can catalyze oxidative dechlorination of various CPs, and as such it

48 Notably, formaldehyde is generated from oxidative decomposition of the folate backbone.

49 TeNb oxide (M1 phase) catalyst during alkane oxidative dehydrogenation is reported.

50 be derived by enzymatic reactions including oxidative demethylation/deamination and myeloperoxidatio

51 ncapsulates from heat induced disruption and oxidative deterioration during spray drying was assessed

52 Oxidative DNA bases modified by reactive oxygen species

53 ted in ROS production in the spinal cord and oxidative DNA damage in dorsal horn neurons.

54 the major DNA repair system that deals with oxidative DNA damage.

55 Contrarily, BW pasta had oxidative effect on serum so as conventional pasta and g

56 es targeting the downstream inflammatory and oxidative effects of CO poisoning.

57 To counter the hostile oxidative environment inside macrophages, these protozoa

58 consider how the role of sugar oxidation, or oxidative fermentation, operates with multiple hexose an

59 d induced hypertrophy of both glycolytic and oxidative fibers.

60 aerobic and anaerobic electron acceptors for oxidative folding of periplasmic proteins.

61 Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, oxidative form of non-apoptotic cell death.

62 ylation-dependent mechanism that governs the oxidative function of p66Shc, and demonstrate the import

63 These reactions rely on the oxidative generation of iminyl radicals from simple oxim

64 (+) undergoes a conformational change in the oxidative half-reaction of FMOs.

65 Notably, this oxidative homocoupling reaction is performed at room tem

66 Case studies of oxidative hydroxylation of phenylboronic acids and dimer

67 y better inhibitory effects on apoptosis and oxidative/inflammatory stresses in the RGC layer.

68 N,B-(Cy2) BIM)(CNAr(Dipp2) )] can effect the oxidative insertion of a range of unsaturated organic su

69 eurons do not enhance their excitability and oxidative load in response to chronic mutant alpha-synuc

70 adily synthesized by palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative macrocyclizations of bis(vinyl boronate esters

71 Further oxidative maturation in vitro occurs only at alkaline pH

72 renylated FMN (prFMN) cofactor, and requires oxidative maturation to form the catalytically competent

73 scle pathology, attenuated the glycolytic-to-oxidative metabolic alterations occurring in SBMA muscle

74 ative species (ROS) oxidation, extracellular oxidative metabolism (EXOMET), and inorganic chemical re

75 roves exercise endurance and skeletal-muscle oxidative metabolism in animals and may enhance vascular

76 Here, mitochondrial and oxidative metabolism was visualized by multiphoton and l

77 olism, whereas DLST protein levels and hence oxidative metabolism were partially maintained in microR

78 t maturation into adult-like CMs with higher oxidative metabolism, transcriptional signatures closer

79 d in wild-type mice, paralleling a decreased oxidative metabolism, whereas DLST protein levels and he

80 n of over 400 admixture combinations for the oxidative methyl esterification of 1-octanol at 60 degre

81 itions that are highly effective for aerobic oxidative methyl esterification of primary alcohols.

82 Random oxidative modification of cryptic side chains exposed by

83 (HDL particle oxidation, resistance against oxidative modification, main lipid and protein compositi

84 Investigating the oxidative modifications of amino acids after incubation

85 in vitro, we identified additional covalent oxidative modifications on four tyrosine residues and on

86 and BPA levels in relation to biomarkers of oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammation and to explo

87 flammation and to explore whether changes in oxidative/nitrative stress are a function of prenatal ex

88 Formed by oxidative oligomerization of catecholic small molecules,

89 ay for coping with most forms of hydrolytic, oxidative or alkylative DNA damage.

90 on basal metabolic phenotype; cells with an oxidative phenotype are most likely to be inhibited by t

91 Mitochondrial disorders affecting oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) are caused by mutatio

92 These cells depend on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy and cytoki

93 While quiescent T cells use oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy production

94 the synthesis of the core components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system encoded by the

95 Dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system is a major cau

96 ic cellular processes such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation also contribute to the shaping

97 As the major coenzyme in fuel oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation and a substrate for enzymes si

98 We found that NLRX1 regulates oxidative phosphorylation and cell integrity, whereas lo

99 We found impairments in oxidative phosphorylation and changes in TCA cycle metab

100 mic organelles that generate energy (ATP) by oxidative phosphorylation and mediate key cellular proce

101 Either glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation can fuel low-frequency synapti

102 s and can be leveraged to selectively target oxidative phosphorylation in AML.

103 functional evidence for an essential role of oxidative phosphorylation in cancer.

104 increase proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in response to Dex.

105 oles for mitochondrial enzyme COX10-mediated oxidative phosphorylation in T cell quiescence exit.

106 olic inputs that couple carbon catabolism to oxidative phosphorylation is a primary cause of growth p

107 that certain cancer cells display increased oxidative phosphorylation or high metabolically active p

108 tDNA) that encodes essential subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system.

109 ased levels of enzymes that are part of the 'oxidative phosphorylation' (OXPHOS) pathway.

110 ddC treatment inhibited mtDNA replication, oxidative phosphorylation, and induced cytotoxicity in a

111 This limits glycolysis, increases oxidative phosphorylation, and is essential for neutroph

112 gE activation aligned with processes such as oxidative phosphorylation, angiogenesis, and the p53 pat

113 chondrial functions such as ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation, Ca(2+) dynamics, and respirat

114 in sources of ATP production, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, in fueling presynaptic functi

115 through apparent reductions in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, increases in substrate level

116 mitant down-regulation of genes required for oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and

117 involved in a range of processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, neuropeptide biogenesis, and

118 resynaptic demands are met preferentially by oxidative phosphorylation, which can be maintained by bu

119 escent T cells by controlling glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.

120 n of the electron transport chain (ETC) with oxidative phosphorylation.

121 n be produced as thin films on electrodes by oxidative polymerizations, are pi-conjugated organic sem

122 DNA repair protein counteracting oxidative promoter lesions may modulate gene expression.

123 Plasma oxidative stress (advanced oxidative protein product) was higher in SAH versus alco

124 Reported is the first enantioselective oxidative Pummerer-type transformation using phase-trans

125 production to alterations in glycolysis and oxidative reactions, respectively; the supply flexibilit

126 rs in peroxisomes, organelles that sequester oxidative reactions.

127 at Fe(0) electrocoagulation (EC) permits the oxidative removal of Mn(II) from solution by reaction wi

128 labile iron that is required for neutrophil oxidative responses.

129 e substrate binding that protects LPMOs from oxidative self-inactivation.

130 ded improved yield through suppression of an oxidative side reaction, while employment of a cooperati

131 ficient for near-normal XRCC1 recruitment at oxidative single-strand breaks (SSBs) as indicated by th

132 todegradation, thermal degradation, reactive oxidative species (ROS) oxidation, extracellular oxidati

133 RCC1 protein partner important for repair of oxidative SSBs.

134 ng on oil yield, physicochemical properties, oxidative stability and rheological behaviors of oil was

135 Thus, phenoxazines with comparable oxidative stability to commonly used diphenylamine and p

136 ration determined by FRAP method, had higher oxidative stability, evidenced by an 80% reduction (P<0.

137 er in oleuropein derivatives showed superior oxidative stability, which resulted in lower off-flavour

138 microg/g and 40microg/g of lycopene, for the oxidative stabilization of ROO and RSO, respectively.

139 ified triacylglycerols accomplished with the oxidative state (peroxide and anisidine value, PV and AV

140 m of this study was to establish if systemic oxidative status in POAG patients was elevated compared

141 fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles, and oxidative status of oil obtained from Lycium europaeum f

142 erent factors on vitamin A retention and the oxidative status of wheat flours: storage duration (up t

143 cytosolic accumulation of NADH and increased oxidative status.

144 Plasma oxidative stress (advanced oxidative protein product) wa

145 Since oxidative stress activates protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in t

146 er molecular hydrogen (H2) is able to reduce oxidative stress after corneal damage induced by UVB irr

147 Upon oxidative stress and aging, Nrf2 (NFE2-related factor2)

148 ebrafish could be associated with Se-induced oxidative stress and altered dopaminergic neurotransmiss

149 or rescued cells from high-glucose triggered oxidative stress and apoptosis.

150 associated volumetric reductions: apoptosis, oxidative stress and autophagy.

151 relationship between membrane permeability, oxidative stress and chlorophyll allomers (oxidation pro

152 Indeed, genetic deletion of Sirt3 increased oxidative stress and decreased the membrane potential of

153 nce of p66Shc lysine acetylation in vascular oxidative stress and diabetic vascular pathophysiology.

154 ion to improve life-quality is misleading as oxidative stress and exacerbation occur when oxidant foo

155 proteins indicating increased iron content, oxidative stress and higher expression of CSC markers in

156 Therefore, prevention of vascular oxidative stress and improvement of endothelial NO produ

157 e risk of chronic diseases via regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation (OSI).

158 /Zi supplementation modulates genes involved oxidative stress and inflammation including NF-kappaB an

159 metabolism, which further leads to systemic oxidative stress and inflammation.

160 a activity, Acot1 knockdown enhanced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation.

161 ay provide a cellular memory of exposures to oxidative stress and inflammation.

162 tor receptor 2 signaling, and a reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation.

163 lavonoids at protecting neural cells against oxidative stress and is capable of rescuing damaged cell

164 mer, that allows assessment of mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitophagy in vivo, and were precede

165 Since oxidative stress and Nrf2 are linked to several diseases

166 hat these sites are associated with enhanced oxidative stress and reduced endothelial NO production i

167 ments with FTD astrocytes revealed increased oxidative stress and robust changes in whole genome expr

168 The latter was associated with increased oxidative stress and significant ultrastructural impairm

169 plaque SMCs, and this effect correlated with oxidative stress and SMC apoptosis.

170 ximal neurotoxins involved in early neuronal oxidative stress and synapse damage, ultimately leading

171 n gene expression and the ability to control oxidative stress and the phenotypic severity of SCD.

172 UCP2 can regulate oxidative stress and/or energetic metabolism.

173 rous studies have shown that proteolysis and oxidative stress are among the major effectors of ventil

174 basis of published and new data, we propose oxidative stress as a common pathological mechanism lead

175 profile of the injured nociceptors revealed oxidative stress as a key biological process.

176 In male Krt16(-/-) mice, oxidative stress associated with impaired glutathione sy

177 metabolic CO2 Glandular trichomes cope with oxidative stress by producing high levels of polyunsatur

178 p < 0.05) confirmed lipotoxic conditions and oxidative stress by showing an activation of glutathione

179 Oxidative stress causes significant increases in both ch

180 Concordantly, Merlin loss increased oxidative stress causing aberrant activation of Hedgehog

181 e in the cellular antioxidant response under oxidative stress conditions.

182 ch as altered calcium handling and increased oxidative stress due to mitochondrial dysfunction.

183 Cancer cells experience higher oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS) than

184 s consistent with a role in defenses against oxidative stress generated during host immune responses

185 stress regulon and expand the repertoire of oxidative stress genes in S. mutans, shedding new light

186 mutans - SpxA1 was the primary activator of oxidative stress genes whereas SpxA2 served a backup rol

187 Oxidative stress has pervasive effects on cells but how

188 creased susceptibility to chronic CS-induced oxidative stress in Hhip haploinsufficiency states.

189 reserved mitochondrial structure and reduced oxidative stress in injured kidneys.

190 maging of prodromal hippocampus CA1 subfield oxidative stress in models of Alzheimer disease and Ange

191 es in cell metabolism, energy production and oxidative stress in others.

192 t circulating tumour cells (CTCs) experience oxidative stress in the bloodstream, but their survival

193 Next, we analyzed the oxidative stress in the pancreata.

194 y confined to the detection of intracellular oxidative stress in vitro.

195 se a rapid attenuation of protein synthesis: oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and nutrie

196 Endothelial cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress is an early event in the development of

197 Adaptation to oxidative stress is lost with age in both sexes.

198 Age-dependent elevation in mitochondrial oxidative stress is widely posited to be a major factor

199 along with nuclear interaction during UV and oxidative stress may serve to modulate active DNA repair

200 argeted antioxidant enzyme to interfere with oxidative stress mechanisms in TBI and provide a proof-o

201 90+/-0.78% against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on EA.hy926, and was comparable to the

202 verted into oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) by oxidative stress promoting atherosclerotic plaque format

203 The oxidative stress regulator Spx is ubiquitously found amo

204 behavioral trajectories of worms subject to oxidative stress resemble trajectories observed during a

205 ial element required for central metabolism, oxidative stress resistance and replication.

206 cludes species involved in iron utilization, oxidative stress response and oncogenic pathways.

207 Sabotaging of the oxidative stress response by an oncogenic noncoding RNA.

208 However, physiological links between PML and oxidative stress response in vivo remain unexplored.

209 Overall, we identify miR-500a-5p as an oxidative stress response miRNA whose activity may defin

210 oteins in cancer cells without affecting the oxidative stress response or the oncogenic pathways incl

211 We conclude that an interdependent oxidative stress response to hyperglycemia perturbs neut

212 rom multiple pathways to control metabolism, oxidative stress response, and cell cycle.

213 rate for enzymes signaling energy stress and oxidative stress response, nicotinamide adenine dinucleo

214 phorylation by the MAPK Sty1 is required for oxidative stress responses in fission yeast cells by pro

215 tability and expression of genes involved in oxidative stress responses, tumor progression and chemor

216 ed metabolic alterations which may relate to oxidative stress responses.

217 RF2 interaction acts as a new checkpoint for oxidative stress responses.

218 lated proline alanine-rich kinase) and OSR1 (oxidative stress responsive kinase), which then phosphor

219 Correlations between MACL and markers of oxidative stress such as urinary methionine sulfoxide we

220 man epigenetic markers of iron exposures and oxidative stress that could be monitored for early origi

221 of what molecular damage may be incurred by oxidative stress that is imparted by high iron status in

222 We found that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress trigger a niche favoring cholangiocellu

223 corroborated the finding that mitochondrial oxidative stress was diminished in DMV neurons in the A5

224 n perilesional tissues expressing gliosis or oxidative stress within days.

225 Oxidative stress, a state in which intra- or extracellul

226 biological functions, including response to oxidative stress, addictive behaviour, and regulatory fu

227 nifested by reduced inflammation, steatosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and increased mitochondr

228 ttery of genes related to biotransformation, oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption were also mea

229 d ischemia reperfusion injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, all of wh

230 nse to multiple stimuli, such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, and heat shock.

231 adapt to changing conditions and to control oxidative stress, and its dysfunction can lead to hypoxi

232 Fatty liver, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are key

233 The db/db mice developed hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and nephropathy at age 20 weeks compar

234 species production, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and promoted nitrosative stress.

235 RX1 results in increased oxygen consumption, oxidative stress, and subsequently apoptosis in epitheli

236 the phthalate-preterm birth relationship by oxidative stress, and the utility of complex regression

237 oung flies by constant exposure to exogenous oxidative stress, and this upregulation is CLOCK-depende

238 changes in gene expression with relevance to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ion transport.

239 d-beta levels, amyloid-associated pathology, oxidative stress, as well as mitochondrial and synaptic

240 ween Spx and genes typically associated with oxidative stress, but also identified novel genes and me

241 325.0] U; P = .01) consistent with increased oxidative stress, but differences in high-density antiox

242 xygen limitation, high metabolic demand, and oxidative stress, disturb the protein-folding capacity o

243 ore, a subset of 34 DMRs related to impaired oxidative stress, DNA repair, and inflammatory pathways

244 ence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, oxidative stress, early phosphorylation of mitogen-activ

245 In the absence of oxidative stress, HPbetaCD addition induces a paradoxica

246 FRD mice showed an increase in oxidative stress, hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction.

247 ion of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of oxidative stress, in podocytes and increased the phospho

248 n the skin and protected against UVB-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and papillomagenesis.

249 ases cardiovascular disease risk by inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunct

250 larly in labile forms that can contribute to oxidative stress, is connected to diseases ranging from

251 functional and structural changes including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and degradation of

252 alignant CD34(+) cells occurs in response to oxidative stress, NOX2 inhibition had no detectable effe

253 models using mechanically induced pressure, oxidative stress, or high mobility group box 1.

254 These include adaptation to oxidative stress, polysaccharide modification and genes

255 Cellular stress, including oxidative stress, results in increased O-GlcNAcylation o

256 Mitochondria are vulnerable to oxidative stress, which can lead to changes in mitochond

257 anscription factor, plays a critical role in oxidative stress-mediated drug resistance in mantle cell

258 Finally, in an oxidative stress-prone background, Pml(-/-) animals disp

259 n 2; previously known as CIKS or Act1) is an oxidative stress-responsive cytoplasmic adapter molecule

260 susceptibility and apoptotic cell death with oxidative stress.

261 variety of chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress.

262 in respiratory function, and an increase in oxidative stress.

263 Psychosocial stress contributes to placental oxidative stress.

264 mmature mouse oocytes from damages caused by oxidative stress.

265 er-enclosed vesicles produced by cells under oxidative stress.

266 her the expression of human AID or increased oxidative stress.

267 rotect ECs against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.

268 uorogenic probe for the detection of general oxidative stress.

269 g source of compounds with potential against oxidative stress.

270 l dysfunction and consequent exacerbation of oxidative stress.

271 ng NADPH oxidase, leading to cerebrovascular oxidative stress.

272 phenotype is enhanced glucose metabolism and oxidative stress.

273 the absence of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.

274 an contribute to alleviating radical-induced oxidative stress.

275 e driven by chronic exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress.

276 l of free fatty acid (FFA) palmitate-induced oxidative stress.

277 al damage via Akt/eNOS signaling and reduced oxidative stress.

278 fragmentation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.

279 pplementation and, therefore, are exposed to oxidative stress.

280 o predict the molecular responses of PTPs to oxidative stress.

281 h endothelial dysfunction that is induced by oxidative stress.

282 exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress.

283 ce of energy and lipid metabolism as well as oxidative stress.

284 xa and may protect cells against hypoxia and oxidative stress.

285 ro and in vivo, and protects osteocytes from oxidative stress.

286 formed Htt aggregates under the condition of oxidative stress.

287 ity to environmental impacts known to induce oxidative stress.

288 r to counter protein damage originating from oxidative stress.

289 catalase activity and were hypersensitive to oxidative stress.

290 mmon to these exposures is radiation-induced oxidative stress.

291 nificantly reduced the expression of several oxidative stress/inflammatory markers and increased the

292 ral cardiovascular risk factors in promoting oxidative stress: diabetes, obesity, smoking, and excess

293 rt the study of the roles of replication and oxidative stresses in mediating cellular senescence in c

294 These include oxidative stresses, which are present throughout the res

295 nd 53BP1 foci, and augmented cell death upon oxidative telomeric DNA damage.

296 Thus, manipulating pathways that induce oxidative, thiol and metal stress in bacteria could be a

297 Here we focus on an Arabidopsis gene OXT6 (Oxidative Tolerant-6) that has been demonstrated to enco

298 Synthetic curcumin analogs that undergo oxidative transformation potently inhibited the pro-infl

299 nes and bisamides from pseudo-four-component oxidative Ugi reaction could be synthesized under mild a

300 ns and carcinogens that can be formed during oxidative water treatment.