ライフサイエンスコーパス: pH gradient

1 ess TD occurs independent of a transmembrane pH gradient.

2 1.9, r(2) > 0.9996), electrically controlled pH gradient.

3 the Golgi apparatus and was dependent on the pH gradient.

4 gher than the upper limit of the immobilized pH gradient.

5 ven at high voltages or with a transmembrane pH gradient.

6 radient drift and reduce "compression"of the pH gradient.

7 diminished by the maintenance of an inverted pH gradient.

8 her monovalent cations did not dissipate the pH gradient.

9 is composed of an electrical potential and a pH gradient.

10 change in analyte charge due to the dynamic pH gradient.

11 trates the internal buffer and decreases the pH gradient.

12 oxic cells possessing a larger transmembrane pH gradient.

13 ge resins eluted with a combined aqueous and pH gradient.

14 rt through the formation of a transthylakoid pH gradient.

15 membrane upon formation of a transthylakoid pH gradient.

16 cA-independent, but requires a transmembrane pH gradient.

17 increased in the presence of an inward basic pH gradient.

18 Hp 2-2-Hb complexes disrupted the lysosomal pH gradient.

19 omponents: fatty acids and the cell membrane pH gradient.

20 lip-flop promoted by the local transmembrane pH gradient.

21 oth ions before they can cause a detrimental pH gradient.

22 showed a strong activation by the lysosomal pH gradient.

23 a combination of mitochondrial oxidation and pH gradient.

24 tructure and facilitating the retention of a pH gradient.

25 alt gradient by a (discontinuous) salt-free, pH gradient.

26 enerator (EBG) that can produce programmable pH gradients.

27 ing methods for the generation of microscale pH gradients.

28 d evolved to allow the maintenance of stable pH gradients.

29 termining its increased ability to dissipate pH gradients.

30 ncreasing the transmembrane concentration or pH gradients.

31 dispersed rapidly upon dissipating organelle pH gradients.

32 ed RBC ghosts in the absence and presence of pH gradients.

33 eal-time monitoring of mitochondrion/cytosol pH gradients.

34 ure results in a significant decrease in the pH gradient (0.9 pH unit) between the vesicular luminal

35 susceptible to depletion by the loss of the pH gradient across lysosomes and P2 agonists.

36 Moreover, in vivo disturbance of the pH gradient across membranes by bafilomycin A1 treatment

37 ent-specific pH measurement to determine the pH gradient across the E. coli cytoplasmic membrane.

38 he APC, and supports the conclusion that the pH gradient across the IMM serves as the primary driving

39 ial constraint: the strong dependence on the pH gradient across the membrane (DeltapH) of superoxide

40 ZntB mediates Zn(2+) uptake, stimulated by a pH gradient across the membrane, using a transport mecha

41 ally by either the membrane potential or the pH gradient across the membrane.

42 vascular plants, is primarily triggered by a pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane (pH).

43 Removal of the pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane linked the cha

44 e and bafilomycin A, agents that disrupt the pH gradient across the vesicular membrane, resulted in a

45 ing induction depends on the generation of a pH gradient across thylakoid membranes and on the presen

46 The presence of a pH gradient across vesicles traps the Zn(2+)-probe compl

47 from measurements of reversal potentials in pH gradients across planar lipid bilayers containing the

48 We show that pH gradients across such membranes decay rapidly in the

49 in the gravisensing cells and the resultant pH gradients across the root cap are important at an ear

50 c compartments are strongly dependent on the pH gradients across vesicular membranes.

51 ltage was applied for CE separation, a sharp pH gradient along the capillary was created dynamically

52 e (V-ATPase) inhibitor bafilomycin A1 on the pH gradient along the secretory pathway was used here to

53 The granulogenic activity of SgII requires a pH gradient along this secretory pathway.

54 pump inhibitors that dissipate the lysosomal pH gradient also trapped caveolin-1 on late endosome/lys

55 entration of nigericin (5 mum) collapsed the pH gradient and abolished flash activity.

56 antly higher resolution due to the shallower pH gradient and higher electrical field gradient.

57 ynthesis, and are uncouplers, collapsing the pH gradient and membrane potential used to power transpo

58 Very substantial effects of pH, pH gradient and membrane potential were found; there wer

59 tron routes, the build-up of a transmembrane pH gradient and membrane potential, activation of differ

60 ectroneutral, energized by the transmembrane pH gradient and oppositely oriented gradients of the oth

61 radient, the height change requires both the pH gradient and STN7-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of

62 Rate is independent of the transmembrane pH gradient and strongly stimulated by the uncoupler car

63 oelectric focusing (IEF) through immobilized pH gradient and superficially porous liquid chromatograp

64 (III) transport via ArsB dissipated both the pH gradient and the membrane potential.

65 h as pyruvate and acetate also collapsed the pH gradient and were also inhibitory, whereas citrate an

66 is interpreted as the combined effect of the pH gradient and xanthophyll concentration, resulting in

67 to equilibrium potentials for transmembrane pH gradients and not to those for Na+, K+ or Cl- concent

68 ipeptide transport can lead to intracellular pH gradients and that intracellular carbonic anhydrase a

69 The stability of the pH gradients and their sensitivity to changes in initial

70 is driven energetically by the transmembrane pH gradient, and it is capable of translocating folded p

71 te quantification of the membrane potential, pH gradient, and proton-motive force without the need fo

72 nces of some dominant phyla varied along the pH gradient, and the enrichment of a few phylotypes sugg

73 ) on the proton motive force, the sum of the pH gradient, and the potential difference across the bac

74 Characteristics of the pH gradient are described, including experimental and th

75 mulation, and a reversed intra-extracellular pH gradient are thought to help render tumor microenviro

76 iples of bipolar electrochemistry, localized pH gradients are generated at the surface of conducting

77 have investigated the conditions under which pH gradients are maintained across the membranes of fatt

78 Linear or concave pH gradients are produced with simple mixtures containin

79 P. syringae effector proteins encounter a pH gradient as they translocate from the bacterial cytop

80 rrier polyampholytes are used to establish a pH gradient as well as to control the electroosmotic flo

81 While pH gradients, as generated by a proton-ATPase located on

82 A pH gradient associated with a natural volcanic vent syst

83 The steady state apical-basolateral pH gradient at 4 hours was reduced by 0.12 and 0.09 pH u

84 The physical basis for the protective pH gradient at the gastric surface is unconfirmed.

85 In the present work, a pH gradient based separation using a cation exchange col

86 separation of phosphopeptides by an applied pH gradient between 9.2 and 11.3.

87 A precise pH gradient between organelles of the regulated secretor

88 in the exocytic pathway by equilibrating the pH gradient between the acidic lumen of the trans-Golgi

89 ta are consistent with BM2 equilibrating the pH gradient between the Golgi and the cytoplasm.

90 rrounding seawater, leading to an increasing pH gradient between the SCM and seawater.

91 This gives rise to a reversed pH gradient between tumours and normal tissue which impl

92 ted using a linear carrier ampholyte (linear pH gradient between two electrodes) of 3-10.

93 s for the conclusion that the maintenance of pH gradients between acidic vesicular compartments and a

94 They maintain pH gradients between intracellular compartments and are

95 xic-oxic conditions, which would derive from pH gradients, built on the microbial electrical activity

96 f oxidative phosphorylation that reduces the pH gradient but not by valinomycin or oligomycin, both o

97 visualize the spatial distribution of the SC pH gradient, but also demonstrate a role for NHE1 in the

98 dependent upon maintenance of transmembrane pH gradients by a vacuolar H+-ATPase.

99 Lysosomes generate and maintain their pH gradients by using the activity of a proton-pumping V

100 The extent and magnitude of the pH gradient can be controlled by the appropriate selecti

101 The size of the pH gradient can be readily modified by changing the dime

102 sence of nigericin, indicating that the same pH gradient can drive amino acid transport in opposing d

103 t a preparative IEF method using immobilized pH gradients can be optimized to generate highly resolve

104 The formation of this pH gradient captures some of the energy released during

105 The resulting increase in the average cell pH gradient caused a parallel increase in tumor growth d

106 ion potential of stony corals living along a pH gradient caused by a Mediterranean CO2 vent that serv

107 nd decreases in peak width achieved with the pH gradient chromatofocusing technique through the manip

108 ndent increase in the membrane potential and pH gradient components of the proton motive force (PMF).

109 This allows the membrane potential and pH gradient components to be calculated from the oxidati

110 ton motive force into the electric field and pH gradient components.

111 It is shown that under ideal linear pH-gradient conditions the better a model describes the

112 : The first one was a monolinear or bilinear pH-gradient data set obtained in eluents with different

113 rator (EG) is introduced, replacing external pH gradient delivery using conventional gradient systems

114 y a mechanism independent of the thylakoidal pH gradient (DeltapH) and exerts no detectable effect on

115 benzoate at an external pH of 6.5, where the pH gradient (deltapH) is large and benzoate accumulates,

116 the membrane potential (DeltaPsi) and/or the pH gradient (DeltapH) strongly increased the flux, where

117 membrane potential (V) and the transmembrane pH gradient (DeltapH).

118 oncentrations, in the presence vs absence of pH gradients (DeltapH) and transmembrane potentials (Del

119 phosphate transport in an electroneutral and pH gradient-dependent manner across the inner membrane.

120 ed that amiloride-insensitive, electrogenic, pH gradient-dependent NBC activity is present only in ba

121 The pH gradient-dependent net phosphate (Pi) transport uptak

122 We assayed the initial rate of pH gradient-dependent unidirectional phosphate transport

123 R pumps protons toward the nanowire, and the pH gradient developed by the pump changes the transistor

124 via proteoliposomes was observed to modulate pH gradients developed at the cell surface, demonstratin

125 tion of either the membrane potential or the pH gradient did not prevent Sb(III) uptake, whereas diss

126 s indicate that the naturally occurring cell pH gradient difference between tumor and normal tissue i

127 Dissipation of the pH gradient does not reduce pre-SufI transport efficienc

128 the electrode solutions in order to suppress pH gradient drift and reduce "compression"of the pH grad

129 Because such pH increase reflects the pH gradient during compartmental transport within target

130 rofiles signature suggests that the observed pH gradient during the oxic phase can be a result of H2S

131 ranules with a number of agents that disrupt pH gradients (e.g. ionophores) had no effect on the stab

132 Such matrix-free nanofluidic devices with pH gradient electrofocusing may enable on-chip integrati

133 We demonstrate matrix-free pH gradient electrofocusing of proteins within an 85 nm

134 soelectric focusing (IEF) or non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) in 9.2 M urea polya

135 -dimensional electrophoresis (nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis followed by sodium dodecyl s

136 Two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis of stationary-phase cell lys

137 technique and two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis to compare virulent (low-pas

138 f proteins on two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis-SDS blots.

139 e compared by two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis.

140 used for solid phase extraction with online pH gradient elution during capillary zone electrophoresi

141 We have developed a pH gradient elution technique for enhanced phosphopeptid

142 to the efficient fractionation by the online pH gradient elution, which decreased the complexity of t

143 nipulation of the electric field changes the pH gradient, enabling both the location and width of the

144 concentrations in plant cells by catalyzing pH gradient-energized vacuolar Ca2+ accumulation.

145 ate preferentially in low pH regions under a pH gradient environment.

146 The model predicts a pH gradient extending from the tumor-host interface, whi

147 -membrane correlates with the trans-membrane pH-gradient (facilitated at alkaline pH(e) and acidic pH

148 ed from prokaryotic orthologs to exploit the pH gradient for biological functions remains a fundament

149 has been developed that incorporates natural pH gradient formation in microfluidic channels under flo

150 vasive, optically based method of monitoring pH gradient formation is presented, and the experimental

151 Normal rates and extents of pH gradient formation were observed for all mutant enzym

152 The properties of pH gradients formed as a result of the electrolysis of w

153 A localized pH gradient forms between anode and cathode leading to a

154 ice reproducibly establishes a nearly linear pH gradient from 4 to 10.

155 cally and then carried to fetal tissues by a pH gradient from acidic endosomes to the pH-neutral baso

156 oblotting and two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis (2D-NEPHGE), that occur

157 P in VSV-infected cells was also observed by pH gradient gel electrophoresis.

158 ing voltages, sensitive to the transmembrane pH gradient, H+-selective, and Zn2+-sensitive.

159 brane potential (high external potassium) or pH gradient (high external pH) caused a reduction in gro

160 At inward Cl(-) and outward pH gradients (high Cl(-)(o) and low pH(o)) Slc26a2 funct

161 With a pH gradient imposed upon SUV preloaded with FA, the rate

162 e leads to the collapse of the mitochondrial pH gradient in nonerythroid cells, using a novel reporte

163 The pH gradient in normal cells is tightly controlled by the

164 gradient caused generation of an inside acid pH gradient in the microvilli, indicating Na(+)-H(+) exc

165 We propose that a V-ATPase-mediated pH gradient in the secretory pathway is an important fac

166 selective microelectrodes we found that the pH gradient in the silk gland is much broader than previ

167 The generation of continuous pH gradients in flow systems plays an important role in

168 clein inhibited ATP-dependent maintenance of pH gradients in isolated chromaffin vesicles and that th

169 ated through the titration and monitoring of pH gradients in real time.

170 The role of intracellular pH gradients in SP-C processing was studied in freshly i

171 lity in modulating the key parameters of the pH gradient, including the buffer concentration, the pH

172 d in a mild dissipation of the mitochondrial pH gradient increased flash frequency, whereas a maximal

173 ms could potentially be applied to sense the pH gradient induced by cancerous cells in stagnant fluid

174 is the low extracellular pHe and the reverse pH gradient: intracellular pHi is higher than extracellu

175 of the juice sac V-ATPase to build up steep pH gradients involves three factors: variable coupling,

176 The pH gradient ion-exchange method is demonstrated to have

177 llows increased protein loads on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) gels and better visualization of low-a

178 e first successful adaptation of immobilized pH gradients (IPGs) to the microscale (muIPGs) using a n

179 Furthermore, when a pH gradient is applied, partially uncoupled transport mo

180 Using flow injection analysis (FIA), a pH gradient is blended in real time with a protein sampl

181 nse, because it is not seen when the vesicle pH gradient is collapsed or when a pH-insensitive GFP va

182 s and inhibition experiments reveal that the pH gradient is created by carbonic anhydrase.

183 surements reveal that the lysosome-tocytosol pH gradient is expanded in the MDR line.

184 , chromatofocusing(CF) is employed whereby a pH gradient is generated on-column using a weak anion ex

185 Because a pH gradient is known to exist in the apical region of el

186 ant result from our study is that a reversed pH gradient is possible in our system but for unrealisti

187 ic, and in tumor tissue the magnitude of the pH gradient is reduced or reversed.

188 t outward proton flux is prohibited when the pH gradient is reversed).

189 on of additional fatty acid, a transmembrane pH gradient is spontaneously generated.

190 As a consequence, the cellular pH gradient is substantially reduced or reversed in tumo

191 ary (commonly used in CIEF) even if a narrow pH gradient is used, a tapered FS capillary was employed

192 The work carried out on the linear pH-gradient is critically reviewed in combination with t

193 monstrate the high resolution of immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing (IPG-IEF) for the analy

194 To decrease the pH gradients, it is necessary to evacuate H(+) and OH(-)

195 15-lipoxygenase is capable of disrupting the pH gradient maintained by mitochondria in living cells w

196 over protein secretion, in part by using the pH gradient maintained within their secretory pathway.

197 this study, we show that the tumor-specific pH gradient may be exploited for the treatment of cancer

198 focusing where the fluid does not move, this pH gradient method traps protein molecules flowing throu

199 In the absence of a membrane potential and a pH gradient, millimolar concentrations of zinc are requi

200 Allosteric regulation by pH gradients modulated the switch between these states b

201 roscopy (CLSM) to quantify three-dimensional pH gradients near electrode surfaces is described.

202 vides a possible explanation for the altered pH gradient observed in tumours.

203 experimentally demonstrated that detrimental pH gradients occur at flow rates of 8 mL/min and less, a

204 Since saposin C is a lysosomal protein and pH gradients occur in lysosomes, we propose that lipid d

205 , maintaining an unanticipated transmembrane pH gradient of 1 unit over the entire extracellular pH r

206 mposition of the elution buffer to produce a pH gradient of a desired shape.

207 issipate both the membrane potential and the pH gradient of Gram-positive bacteria, correlating well

208 added NaCl, we demonstrate a similar linear pH gradient of large range with a near-constant ionic st

209 grow at low pH, acidophiles must maintain a pH gradient of several pH units across the cellular memb

210 is dependent on both membrane potential and pH gradient of the electrochemical proton gradient, wher

211 tion of either the membrane potential or the pH gradient of the proton motive force did not prevent A

212 The proprotein convertase furin requires the pH gradient of the secretory pathway to regulate its mul

213 ropeptides to exploit the tightly controlled pH gradient of the secretory pathway, thereby regulating

214 ng species is described capable of producing pH gradients of a variety of shapes in the range between

215 Gradient chromatofocusing generates linear pH gradients on anion-exchange columns with inexpensive

216 model ligand in response to a transmembrane pH gradient or elevated voltage.

217 ToF) mass spectrometry involving overlapping pH gradients (pH 4-7 and 6-9).

218 microscopy is used to observe (in situ) the pH-gradient preconcentration of compounds into individua

219 s, which also suggest that the potential ASL pH gradient produced by defective apical ion transport i

220 own that a spatially localized transmembrane pH gradient, produced by acid micro-injection near the e

221 manipulation of buffer concentration and the pH gradient profile.

222 s, like deviations from the linearity of the pH-gradient profile and the effect of the organic modifi

223 istered users to assign molecular weight and pH gradient profiles to their own 2D gel patterns as wel

224 We have developed a novel pH-gradient protein A chromatography for rapid, non-size

225 nthophyll concentration in the presence of a pH gradient (quenched conditions) decreases the fraction

226 state concentration of protein sample with a pH gradient ranging from pH 2.0 to pH 11.5.

227 ce of the system was demonstrated by running pH gradients ranging from pH 8.2 to 10.9 on a polymer mo

228 oactivatable materials establish the tunable pH gradients required by IEF and precisely control the t

229 vesicle contents and diminishes the vesicle pH-gradient responsible for dopamine uptake and retentio

230 ransport of amphoteric molecules through the pH gradient resulted in accumulation of the molecules at

231 involvement of other mechanisms in cellular pH gradient reversal, for example acidic vesicles, lysos

232 Measuring the SC pH gradient showed significantly more neutral pH values

233 ent, including the buffer concentration, the pH gradient slope and the operating pH range was demonst

234 paration, including buffer concentration and pH gradient slope.

235 he current is modulated by the transmembrane pH gradient so the only outward current could be activat

236 refore assessed the inhibitor sensitivity of pH gradient-stimulated 22Na uptake in renal brush border

237 a in situ tissue loaded on basic immobilized pH gradient strips prior to two-dimensional gel electrop

238 dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradient strips.

239 the promotion of diffusional problems (e.g., pH gradients, substrate or product gradients), partition

240 er), and arginine, which provided a stepwise pH gradient tailored for focusing of the C-terminal Abet

241 promotes monoamine storage by increasing the pH gradient that drives vesicular monoamine transport.

242 I through the formation of a trans-thylakoid pH gradient that in turn stimulates formation of zeaxant

243 icient to give rise to the observed reversed pH gradient that is seen is some tumours.

244 oles of salt are needed to generate bubbles, pH gradients that are invariably associated with electro

245 buffer components were used to generate the pH-gradients that separate closely related antibody spec

246 In conjunction with the transthylakoid pH gradient, the formation of antheraxanthin and zeaxant

247 icity depends primarily on the transmembrane pH gradient, the height change requires both the pH grad

248 es of the intact membrane, the transmembrane pH gradient, the organization of the photosystem II ante

249 of which is modulated by the transthylakoid pH gradient, the PsbS protein, and protein-protein inter

250 ne to each side of the membrane is that in a pH gradient, the voltage sensor transports protons.

251 evaluate the capability of NCAMs to support pH gradients, the proton transport properties of NCAMs w

252 orters to dynamically increase the vesicular pH gradient, thereby increasing dopamine vesicle content

253 and 1.7%, respectively, whereas under simple pH-gradients these errors were 0.9% and 2%, respectively

254 in its sole reliance upon the transmembrane pH gradient to drive protein transport.

255 liposome system holding a three-unit inward pH gradient to mimic the conditions facing bacteria in t

256 em employs three membrane components and the pH gradient to transport folded proteins.

257 ave enabled propeptides to evolve to exploit pH gradients to activate within specific organelles.

258 gel electrophoresis (2-DE) with immobilized pH gradients to separate the proteins in a sample and co

259 minimally affected by membrane potential or pH gradient uncouplers.

260 Uncoupling the pH gradient (unquenched conditions) eliminates the 0.4-n

261 tead of separating amphoteric molecules in a pH gradient using electrophoresis, we separate cells and

262 apid and reversible generation of microscale pH gradients using a spatially varied electric field.

263 Studies comparing the effect of tamoxifen on pH gradients using different salt conditions and with ot

264 Dissipation of the granular pH gradient was associated with an inhibition of exocyto

265 The form of the pH gradient was controlled and optimized by the pump as

266 A 3D pH gradient was created in an electrolyte medium by cont

267 d RBC ghosts were significantly lower when a pH gradient was present, presumably because of the compe

268 This pH gradient was readily collapsed upon the addition of n

269 The pH gradient was then calculated from the difference in r

270 The required pH gradient was thus conveniently generated by electrica

271 that uses pI-based separation on immobilized pH gradients was developed to preparatively isolate mate

272 he ability of Na to dissipate an established pH gradient, was absent in plants grown without salt.

273 ed liposome system able to hold a three-unit pH gradient, we demonstrate that Arg/Agm exchange by Adi

274 Under three specifically configured pH gradients, we demonstrate that the microrobots exhibi

275 nes) would behave when they are exposed to a pH gradient; weak polybase-containing particles will ten

276 tric focusing (IEF) in microfluidic devices, pH gradients were electrochemically formed and optically

277 ar profile was observed in the presence of a pH gradient when the pH of the apical solutions was vari

278 e water level fluctuations, set up redox and pH gradients, where Fe precipitates and subsequently seq

279 approach is based on the generation of local pH gradients which will allow detecting indirectly redox

280 Oatp1d1 activity is dependent upon pH gradient, which could indicate bicarbonate exchange a

281 in the T domain or diminishing the endosomal pH gradient, which prevents T domain membrane insertion,

282 ability of a vesicle membrane to preserve a pH gradient, while allowing for diffusion of neutral mol

283 ins created in this study, using immobilized pH gradients, will be useful for comparison with maps of

284 ide elution conditions combined simultaneous pH gradient with ammonium acetate salt gradient elution

285 Disruption of lysosomal pH gradient with Bafilomycin A1, chloroquine, or ammoniu

286 After collapse of lysosomal/endosomal acidic pH gradients with bafilomycin (50 nM), an inhibitor of t

287 electrochemical generation of localized, low-pH gradients within the tissue: fixed negative charges i

288 rate decreased the thickness of the surface pH gradient without significantly changing surface pH va

289 PQ in soq1 does not require a transthylakoid pH gradient, zeaxanthin formation, or the phosphorylatio