ライフサイエンスコーパス: pack-year

1 ased on age and cumulative smoking exposure (pack-years).

2 er age (<60 years), and lighter smoking (<30 pack-years).

3 ped based on consumption (<20, 20-40, or >40 pack-years).

4 o <40 pack-years), and heavy smokers (>or=40 pack-years).

5 inoma and light smoking histories (< or = 20 pack-years).

6 d 52% reported cigarette smoking (median, 18 pack-years).

7 rs) compared to cases with early disease (17 pack-years).

8 were heavy smokers (highest quartile; >/=32 pack-years).

9 value, and a smoking history of 50.6+/-27.4 pack-years.

10 atory events were incremental with increased pack-years.

11 4 years, with smoking history of at least 30 pack-years.

12 r (>/=10 pack-years) versus never smoker/<10 pack-years.

13 differential cigarettes/day effects and not pack-years.

14 for NSCLC cancer in patients who smoked <40 pack-years.

15 years after having smoked for a total of 20 pack-years.

16 ects (P < 0.05), after adjusting for age and pack-years.

17 rs and older and had smoked for more than 20 pack-years.

18 f current smoking status and total number of pack-years.

19 ciation of mortality with smoking status and pack-years.

20 models adjusted for age, state, and smoking pack-years.

21 hics, current smoking status, and cumulative pack-years.

22 ge, 5), and median smoking exposure was 45.0 pack-years.

23 ormer smokers with a history of at least ten pack-years.

24 in the subgroup of those smoked more than 16 pack-years.

25 ith an increased risk of mucinous (RR per 20 pack-years, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.46) but a decreased

26 ory of COPD, a smoking history of 10 or more pack-years, a ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (

27 ncer associations remained significant after pack-year adjustment.

28 -risk participants (smoking history of >/=30 pack-years) aged 55 to 74 years who were randomly assign

29 Male smokers of 20+ pack-years, aged 60 to 74 years, underwent a baseline CX

30 smoking (status, age at start, duration, and pack-years), alcohol, family history, oral contraceptive

31 erior to selection criteria based on age and pack-years alone.

32 older with a smoking history of at least 20 pack-years and a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmon

33 n a lifetime tobacco consumption of > or =10 pack-years and advanced histological disease at presenta

34 lationships, the association between smoking pack-years and cortical thickness was tested and then re

35 atio (EOR) to assess risk by total exposure (pack-years and drink-years) and its modification by expo

36 mokers with a smoking history of at least 30 pack-years and ex-smokers with less than 15 years since

37 n excess odds ratio model that was linear in pack-years and exponential in cigarettes smoked per day

38 deled by a function which is linear in total pack-years and exponential in the logarithm of smoking i

39 okers, women who had smoked for more than 20 pack-years and initiated smoking more than 5 years befor

40 ked during radiotherapy after accounting for pack-years and other factors, and risk of second primary

41 ip between cigarette consumption measured in pack-years and regional LV dysfunction by Ecc was noted

42 ethnic difference in the association between pack-years and risk for lung cancer was assessed in the

43 The number of smoking pack-years and smoke-free years predicted the prevalence

44 Total pack-years and smoking during adolescence and young adul

45 Pack-years and years of smoking were also estimated.

46 Furthermore, estimated pack-years and years of smoking, measures of cumulative

47 he role of smoking on the risk of ALS, using packs/years and smoking duration to study dose-response.

48 Fourteen cigarette smokers (31+/-4 pack years) and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy non-smok

49 ds ratio [OR]: 0.992; 95% CI 0.984-1.000 per pack-year) and positively with obesity: OR: 1.97 [1.22-3

50 Heavy smoking (>10 pack-years) and male gender were significantly associate

51 1) distribution among heavy smokers (mean 35 pack-years) and never smokers.

52 <20 pack-years), moderate smokers (20 to <40 pack-years), and heavy smokers (>or=40 pack-years).

53 70 or less, a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years, and a score of 2 or greater on the modified

54 smoking status, smoking intensity, duration, pack-years, and age at quitting were all close to the nu

55 age, education, body-mass index, smoking and pack-years, and baseline levels of lung function, serum

56 adjusting for enrollment age, state, smoking pack-years, and education.

57 es of cigarette smoking (cigarettes per day, pack-years, and serum cotinine levels) and elevated leve

58 pation, education, smoking status, cigarette pack-years, and time since quitting smoking.

59 d for baseline PPD, education, and cigarette pack-years, and time-dependent values of age, mean plaqu

60 with age (in months) and tobacco smoking (in pack-years) as covariates showed that there was a greate

61 equivalent of task hours/week), and smoking pack years assessed in 1994 and 1998.

62 hose with a cumulative exposure exceeding 10 pack-years, associations that were evident both in autoa

63 , age, height, smoking status and intensity, pack-years, asthma, and FEV1 at baseline, we found an in

64 e than 20 years, or have smoked more than 15 pack-years at 1.51 (95% CI, 1.16 to 1.98; P = .002), 1.8

65 ter adjustment for tumor stage and cigarette pack-years at enrollment.

66 riodontal health at age 26 years and tobacco pack-years (beta = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05-0.16; P <.001) How

67 38 years, even after controlling for tobacco pack-years (beta = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.18; P <.001).

68 Cigarette smoking for >or=5 pack-years; body mass index of >or=25 kg/m(2); and histo

69 e cumulative smoking exposure (intensity and pack-years; both P 's for trend = 0.02) when women with

70 This patient had a smoking history of 80 pack-years, but she had quit smoking 2 months prior to p

71 F-beta1 correlated with PD, AL, age, smoking pack-years, CD4 cell count, and viral load at the baseli

72 (-44 ml/pack/day) and cumulative (-85 ml/10 packs/year) cigarette smoking were significant predictor

73 ced histological disease at presentation (30 pack-years) compared to cases with early disease (17 pac

74 s models, adjusting for age, height, weight, pack-years, current smoking, age at completed full-time

75 Estimates of excess odds ratio per pack-year declined with increasing intensity, suggesting

76 Above 15 cigarettes/day, the EOR/pack-year decreased with increasing cigarettes/day, sugg

77 Above 20 cigarettes per day, the EOR/pack-year decreased with increasing intensity (inverse e

78 ssociated with 10-year age increments and 10-pack-year (defined as the number of cigarettes smoked pe

79 w quitters with low cumulative exposure (<20 pack-years), diabetes risk was not elevated following sm

80 th cigarettes per day, smoking duration, and pack-years did not follow a linear pattern, with the inc

81 to 1.00; P = .04), adjusting for age, race, pack-years, education, family history of lung cancer, cu

82 els included age, Zubrod performance status, pack-years, education, p16 status, and T and N stage; th

83 increase in pulmonary complications based on pack-year exposure with greater than 20 pack years leadi

84 als aged 55 through 80 years with 30 or more pack-years' exposure to smoking.

85 ox regression analysis, age, gender, smoking pack-years, family history of lung cancer, personal canc

86 ipants with a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years, FEV1 less than 70% of predicted value, and a

87 sion (PFS) or death (OS) increased by 1% per pack-year (for both, hazard ratio [HR], 1.01; 95% CI, 1.

88 When the authors adjusted for pack-years from reported smoking history in multivariate

89 t levels of the following 3 factors: smoking pack-years, fruit and vegetable intakes, and physical ac

90 Smoking pack-years > 10 reduced overall survival (HR, 1.72; 95%

91 Heavy smokers (>40 pack-years) had increased risk for cancer if they were c

92 We found that heavy cigarette smokers (>60 pack-years) have significantly more copy number gains th

93 cal history was unremarkable except for a 20-pack year history of smoking.

94 CI, 1.5-9.3; P = 0.005), compared with a 24 pack-year history for late-onset current clinical asthma

95 viduals (aged 55-74 years with at least a 30 pack-year history of cigarette smoking, and, if a former

96 rrent clinical asthma was equivalent to a 33 pack-year history of smoking (odds ratio, 3.7; 95% CI, 1

97 A 69-year-old man with a 100 pack-year history of smoking developed gross hematuria.

98 were aged 55 to 74 years, had at least a 30-pack-year history of smoking, and were current smokers o

99 an 60, body mass index less than 25 kg/m(2), pack-years history greater than 60, and emphysema presen

100 ents (66% versus 24.4%; P = 0.0001) and mean pack/year history of smoking was higher for CAD+ patient

101 second primary tumors increased by 1.5% per pack-year (HR, 1.015; 95% CI, 1.005 to 1.026).

102 r less than 10 years but smoked less than 20 pack-years (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.28-1.45) had prostate ca

103 er adjustments for CVD risk factors (smoking pack-years, hypertension, diabetes, total/high-density l

104 iations of copy number and cigarette smoking pack-years in 12q23 (P = 9.69 x 10(-10)) where IGF1 (ins

105 me-wide study of DNA copy number and smoking pack-years in a large collection of nonsmall-cell lung c

106 d the slopes of odds ratios for logarithm of pack-years in a model for men and women combined.

107 n between SE status and heavy smoking (>/=10 pack-years) in relation to RA risk (attributable proport

108 Below 15-20 cigarettes per day, the EOR/pack-year increased with intensity (direct exposure rate

109 several cancer sites, but narrow ranges for pack-years increased uncertainty, precluding definitive

110 two polymorphisms decreased significantly as pack-years increased.

111 n exons 19 and 21 decreases as the number of pack-years increases.

112 If smoking history is modeled for 20 or 40 pack-years, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of CaD

113 ng that after accounting for risk from total pack-years, intensity patterns were comparable across th

114 the OS model also included anemia and age x pack-years interaction; and the PFS model also included

115 d on pack-year exposure with greater than 20 pack years leading to a significant increase in smoking-

116 attern was defined as never or past smoking (pack-years <5), no or moderate alcohol drinking (</=1 dr

117 model using linear regression (adjusted for pack-years, lung volume), followed by metaanalysis.

118 sures into never smokers, light smokers (<20 pack-years), moderate smokers (20 to <40 pack-years), an

119 HPV-positive, low-risk N0-2a or less than 10 pack-year N2b patients were similar for RT alone and CRT

120 ed modification of the excess odds ratio per pack-year of cigarette smoking by time since smoking ces

121 a statistically significant 3% increase per pack-year of smoking between menarche and first childbir

122 d rates of decline in FEV(1) (P = 0.023) per pack-year of smoking in subjects with vitamin D deficien

123 32) and smoking history (2% increase in risk/pack-year of smoking, P = 0.10) were also associated wit

124 significantly increased with each additional pack-year of tobacco smoking.

125 ve effect modification of the association of pack-years of cigarette smoking and lung cancer by inten

126 s must be 50-80 years of age with 30 or more pack-years of cigarette smoking and must not have underg

127 types were increased for dose, duration, and pack-years of cigarette smoking and were stronger for hy

128 of colon or rectal cancer (55%), 10 or more pack-years of cigarette smoking before age 30 years (16%

129 th sexes, aged 55-65 years, with at least 20 pack-years of cigarette smoking or current smokers.

130 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for pack-years of cigarette smoking were estimated by logist

131 Genome-wide analyses of DNA copy number and pack-years of cigarette smoking were performed on 264 NS

132 and obesity over time (a measure similar to pack-years of cigarette smoking), were calculated using

133 Further adjustment for pack-years of cigarette smoking, diabetes, blood lead le

134 A Cox model, adjusting for pack-years of cigarette smoking, was used to calculate h

135 age T1-3N0-N2b OPSCC and a history of </= 10 pack-years of cigarette smoking.

136 osis measurements adjusted for age, sex, and pack-years of cigarette smoking.

137 y members after adjustment for age, sex, and pack-years of cigarette smoking: 0.084 between parents a

138 mited to African Americans with more than 10 pack-years of exposure and is more pronounced among indi

139 essation is not extended to those with >/=32 pack-years of prior smoking, they have lower risk of dea

140 rend in survival was observed for increasing pack-years of smoking ( Ptrend = .008), with HR for deat

141 was highest among smokers who had 65 or more pack-years of smoking (relative risk = 2.72, 95% CI: 2.0

142 for baseline mitotic index, age, gender, and pack-years of smoking [adjusted odd ratio (OR), 2.25; 95

143 years since cessation, smoking duration, and pack-years of smoking all support the hypothesis that in

144 increased with creatinine, age, and lifetime pack-years of smoking among ever smokers or lifetime int

145 ed risk factors for lung cancer (e.g., >/=30 pack-years of smoking and <15 years since quitting) as s

146 ages of 55 and 74 years with a minimum of 30 pack-years of smoking and no more than 15 years since qu

147 f lung function at the first measurement and pack-years of smoking at the last measurement.

148 ation (p-trend = 0.06), after adjustment for pack-years of smoking before and after first childbirth,

149 lmonary disease, and those with more than 35 pack-years of smoking had a significantly increased risk

150 While women with up to 15 pack-years of smoking had an almost 2.5 times' increased

151 Pack-years of smoking have significant negative correlat

152 cular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35%, and <10 pack-years of smoking history were studied.

153 lic BP, total cholesterol, diastolic BP, and pack-years of smoking in adulthood were higher among sub

154 Increasing pack-years of smoking increased the risk for Barrett's e

155 eath of 1.49 (95% CI, 1.05 to 2.10) for > 60 pack-years of smoking versus never smoking.

156 We further found that increasing pack-years of smoking was associated with an elevated ri

157 The risk factor pack-years of smoking was most strongly correlated with

158 R = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.99); however, when pack-years of smoking were considered, this association

159 the time of inclusion and with a minimum 20 pack-years of smoking were randomized to have five annua

160 Serum cotinine level and pack-years of smoking were significantly lower in light

161 ol subjects 50 to 79 years of age with >/=10 pack-years of smoking who were free of clinical cardiova

162 .35) and 1.77 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.15) for >/=20 pack-years of smoking, 2.37 (95% CI: 1.91, 2.94) and 2.4

163 After control for pack-years of smoking, age, sex, race, height, weight, e

164 r age, sex, heart rate, alcohol consumption, pack-years of smoking, all components of the metabolic s

165 After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and pack-years of smoking, an increasing number of ACPAs was

166 Covariates included age, sex, ethnicity, pack-years of smoking, and current smoking status.

167 orced expiratory volume in the first second, pack-years of smoking, and emphysema.

168 s after adjustment for age, body mass index, pack-years of smoking, and ethanol consumption [beta = -

169 ting glucose level, systolic blood pressure, pack-years of smoking, and LDL cholesterol, 41.8% of the

170 nd patient characteristics of age, number of pack-years of smoking, and systolic blood pressure were

171 for COPD, adjusted for age, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, body mass index, education, and s

172 f both FEV(1) and severe COPD were age, sex, pack-years of smoking, bronchodilator responsiveness, ch

173 age, sex, education, diabetes, ever smoking, pack-years of smoking, daily physical activity, exercise

174 Covariates of age, sex, pack-years of smoking, DRC assay-related variables, and

175 iates (age, race, education, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, drinking status, and total ounces

176 ovariates including smoking status, lifetime pack-years of smoking, education, weight, and eosinophil

177 a twofold elevation in risk for more than 20 pack-years of smoking, except among those with GSTM1 pre

178 regression analysis demonstrated that race, pack-years of smoking, family history of breast cancer,

179 , weight change, height, current smoking and pack-years of smoking, glycemic load, cholesterol intake

180 -density lipoprotein level, body mass index, pack-years of smoking, leg symptoms, immediately previou

181 rios with varying eligibility criteria (age, pack-years of smoking, years since quitting) and screeni

182 years of age, with a history of at least 30 pack-years of smoking.

183 nt dose-dependent effect when stratifying by pack-years of smoking.

184 was not found among those with more than 15 pack-years of smoking.

185 body mass index, height, smoking status, and pack-years of smoking.

186 (among current smokers), and increased with pack-years of smoking.

187 lculated in units of mm Hg-years (similar to pack-years of tobacco exposure) and related to the prese

188 Additionally, smokers were stratified by pack-years of tobacco exposure.

189 ificant after adjusting for age, gender, and pack-years of tobacco smoke.

190 in low to high population density areas, and pack-years of tobacco smoking and decreases in subjects

191 Median pack-years of tobacco smoking were lower among p16-posit

192 th on the basis of four factors: HPV status, pack-years of tobacco smoking, tumor stage, and nodal st

193 increased risk of psoriasis with increasing pack-years or duration of smoking (P(trend) < 0.0001).

194 , with cumulative tobacco consumption of ten pack-years or higher, and without self-reported or a pre

195 r were ex-smokers for 1 year or more with 10 pack-years or less.

196 years or older, smokers, or ex-smokers of 10 pack-years or more with spirometrically confirmed mild-t

197 nts were aged 45-80 years, had smoked for 10 pack-years or more, and had an FEV1/forced vital capacit

198 als aged 50 years or older who had smoked 20 pack-years or more.

199 common in people who smoked for more than 15 pack-years or who stopped smoking cigarettes less than 2

200 rs (OR(>or=30) = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.9), and pack-years (OR(>40) = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.8, 4.3) of smoking.

201 ests, SE-IgE was more common in smokers (<15 pack-year: OR 1.11, P = 0.079, >/=15 pack-year: OR 1.70,

202 rs (<15 pack-year: OR 1.11, P = 0.079, >/=15 pack-year: OR 1.70, P < 0.001), and prevalence did not d

203 3.62), and cumulative smoking dose (> or =40 pack-years: OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.35, 2.34).

204 Site-specific pack-year ORs varied significantly in women (pooled OR=1

205 found in people who smoked for more than 15 pack-years (P < .001) or stopped smoking less than 25 ye

206 poprotein cholesterol (P = .04), and smoking pack-years (P < .01) were positively correlated with RCA

207 In multivariate regression analyses, smoking pack-years (P = .004) and HIV infection (P = .007) were

208 easing risk for lung cancer as a function of pack-years (P = 0.058).

209 (-4); P for interactioncurrent = 0.004), and pack-years (P for interactionex = 6.6 x 10(-18); P for i

210 0.001), LDL cholesterol (P<0.001), cigarette pack-years (P=0.005), Latino race (P=0.062), and hyperte

211 lationships: age (P < or = 0.0001); smoking (pack-years) (P < or = 0.0001); race (P < or = 0.002); ge

212 mber gains than non- or light smokers (</=60 pack-years) (P = 2.46 x 10(-4)), especially in 8q and 12

213 45.9 pack-years; P = .02; RTOG 0129: 10 v 40 pack-years; P < .001).

214 0.69 (95% CI, 0.4-1.2) in heavy smokers (80 pack-years; P < 0.01 for the interaction term).

215 atients in both trials (RTOG 9003: 29 v 45.9 pack-years; P = .02; RTOG 0129: 10 v 40 pack-years; P <

216 After adjustment for age, smoking status, pack-years, pack-years squared, energy intake, race/ethn

217 s per lifetime] or former light smokers [<10 pack-years per lifetime] and >/=15 years since last ciga

218 r RPA (including RPA stage, age, and smoking pack-years [PYs]) derived the following four valid progn

219 fects are dose dependent through analysis of pack-year quintiles.

220 He smoked (30 pack-years, quit 4 years ago), and drinks 3 beers each e

221 pillomavirus) and cigarette smoking history (pack-years) randomly assigned to clinical trials using p

222 ars who had a smoking history of at least 20 pack-years, recruited from six clinical sites and additi

223 Dlco was strongly correlated with pack-years (rs=-0.63; 95% CI: -0.97, -0.29; P=.004).

224 ), adjusting for smoking (smoking status and pack-years), sex, and lifetime days of use of any pestic

225 n was associated with an increased number of pack years smoked (P<0.03).

226 acity ratio and a higher number of cigarette pack years smoked at baseline were significantly associa

227 ons showed that only the number of cigarette pack years smoked was independently associated with an i

228 atio of 1.4 (95% CI, 1.02-1.91) for every 10 pack years smoked.

229 ith smoking was recorded (p=0.017), and each pack-year smoked was equivalent to an additional 5 bp of

230 0.9), and there was an inverse gradient with pack-years smoked (trend p < 0.001).

231 iameter) soft drusen (risk ratio (RR) per 10 pack-years smoked = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI):

232 tive interactions between current smoking or pack-years smoked and CFH or ARMS2 genotype.

233 factors in the epidemiologic model included pack-years smoked and exposures to diesel, aromatic amin

234 odel the relationship of current smoking and pack-years smoked and interactions with CFH and ARMS2 wi

235 Current smoking and a greater number of pack-years smoked increase the risk of the progression o

236 A greater number of pack-years smoked was associated with an increased risk

237 Current smoking and a greater number of pack-years smoked were associated with an increased risk

238 tatus, smoking duration, cigarettes per day, pack-years smoked, time since smoking cessation) as risk

239 patterns in airway epithelium of healthy 20 pack-year smokers versus nonsmokers revealed that smoker

240 PD who had never smoked or had a less than 5 pack years smoking history and present the clinical, rad

241 uals over 50 years of age, with more than 20 pack-year smoking histories, living in an urban setting,

242 His social history was notable for a 20-pack-year smoking history and a recent relocation to a n

243 n adults of age 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and are currently smoking or h

244 in adults aged 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have qu

245 tic adults aged 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have qu

246 t and former smokers, each with a minimum 30-pack-year smoking history and mild or no abnormalities a

247 nical practice.A 78-year-old woman with a 40-pack-year smoking history has been referred for treatmen

248 His 75-pack-year smoking history has resulted in a chronic dail

249 oman with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and 35-pack-year smoking history is referred for treatment of a

250 practice.A 54-year-old man with a former 15-pack-year smoking history presents with cough and dyspne

251 y, for patients with < T4, < N2c, and </= 10 pack-year smoking history who were treated with </= 54 G

252 All findings were independent of pack-year smoking history with multiple logistic regress

253 current smoker of 30 cigarettes per day (45 pack-year smoking history), and he consumed four standar

254 okers eligible for lung cancer screening (30 pack-year smoking history, ages 55-74 years, for the ref

255 r 40 years of age and with greater than a 15 pack-year smoking history.

256 recipients of lungs from heavy smokers (>40 pack-years smoking history) exhibited a significantly hi

257 and diastolic BP, lipid levels, weight, and pack-years smoking, higher CRP, factor VII, fibrinogen,

258 nodules, reduced FEV1 and FVC, and increased pack-years smoking.

259 of the individuals analyzed (packs per day, pack-years, smoking years, quitting years).

260 were adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, pack-years, socioeconomic status indicators, cohort, tim

261 ustment for age, smoking status, pack-years, pack-years squared, energy intake, race/ethnicity, US re

262 nicity, sex, height, weight, smoking status, pack-years, systemic hypertension, and sleep apnea.

263 whereas those with a smoking history of >11 pack years tended to show more benefit with montelukast.

264 l lung cancer cases have significantly lower pack-years than NHW counterparts (P = 0.007).

265 Patients with a smoking history of </=11 pack years (the median value) tended to show more benefi

266 se risk factors including smoking status and pack-years, the hazard ratio comparing the 80th to the 2

267 adjusting for age, race, gender, center, and pack-years, there was a significant association between

268 48% were age 55-74 years and smoked 30-plus pack-years, therefore meeting NLST entry criteria.

269 state (Iowa or North Carolina), and smoking (pack years), to estimate associations between early-life

270 A 72-year-old man with a 40-pack-year tobacco history developed a cough and decrease

271 ial (NLST) entry criteria (age, 55-74; >/=30 pack-years; tobacco cessation within the previous 15 yr

272 kPa; history of smoking, 50.5 [33.5] smoking pack-years) underwent HRCT scans of the chest to quantif

273 very in affected areas for those at the mean pack-years value in this sample.

274 mmentary discusses recent refinements of the pack-years variable, as discussed in this issue of the J

275 ses of extended exposures, for example, the "pack-years" variable for tobacco smoking.

276 exposure categorized as heavy smoker (>/=10 pack-years) versus never smoker/<10 pack-years.

277 Current smokers of 40 or more pack-years vs never smokers had increased prostate cance

278 [CI], 1.7-49.3), heavy tobacco smoking (>20 pack-years vs none; OR, 9.2; 95% CI, 1.4-59.4), and mari

279 The relative risk per 10 additional pack-years was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.81-0.88) in case-control

280 incident diabetes in the highest tertile of pack-years was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.20 to 1.67).

281 Among ever smokers, a higher number of pack-years was associated with an increased risk for col

282 Greater number of pack-years was associated with significantly increased r

283 Overall, the slope for pack-years was steeper in men (odds ratio for female-smo

284 e number of cigarette packs smoked per year (pack-years) was calculated.

285 in insula thickness, but cigarette exposure (pack-years) was negatively associated with thickness in

286 = 10,131; ages 45-81; smoking history, >/=10 pack-years), we evaluated spirometry and multiple phenot

287 nge, 45-81 yr; average smoking history, 44.3 pack-years), we evaluated spirometry, dyspnea (modified

288 Estimates of EOR/pack-year were homogeneous across sites, while the effec

289 abolism: in women higher BMI and in men more pack-years were associated with increases in acylcarniti

290 en spirometric values or RA950 and number of pack-years were not significant (.05 level).

291 Mean ADC values and number of pack-years were significantly correlated (rs=0.60; 95% c

292 Gender and smoking history (pack-years) were included as covariates in logistic regr

293 confidence limits) for heavy smoking (>or=41 pack-years) were: for Gln/Gln or Arg/Gln genotypes [wome

294 0%), and had a smoking history of 10 or more pack-years, were receiving supplemental oxygen or treatm

295 d exposure to smoking until approximately 20 pack-years, when it began to plateau.

296 ident from a smoking history of less than 10 pack-years, whereas the effects of smoking on arterial a

297 d 55 to 80 years who have smoked at least 30 pack-years with no more than 15 years since quitting.

298 he lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco), age, and pack-years with Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r

299 50-79 years with greater than or equal to 10 pack-years without clinical cardiovascular disease.

300 exacerbation, past or present smokers (>/=20 pack-years) without a history of asthma, from March 2006