ライフサイエンスコーパス: pair rule

1 two neurons, combined according to a strict pairing rule.

2 es of duplex DNA under the Watson-Crick base pairing rule.

3 rvations in other species, but with expanded pairing rules.

4 s recognition sites as defined by the Dervan pairing rules.

5 ated match sites, consistent with the Dervan pairing rules.

6 ved signals of two aligned columns with base-pairing rules.

7 enow fragment) to preserve Watson-Crick base-pairing rules.

8 rate through predictable and designable base-pairing rules, allowing the effective in silico design o

9 of homologues of the Drosophila melanogaster pair rule and segment polarity genes in a range of arthr

10 rarchy of segmentation genes (maternal, gap, pair-rule and HOX) that subdivide the syncytial blastode

11 enticle belts and stripe-specific defects in pair-rule and segment polarity gene expression.fish muta

12 e repressor, in addition to its roles at the pair-rule and segment polarity levels of the hierarchy.

13 ies suggest that these genes function at the pair-rule and segment polarity levels to establish the s

14 ich in turn convey positional information to pair-rule and segment-polarity genes, the latter forming

15 nucleotides that preserve Watson-Crick base pairing rules and choose substrates with the correct (de

16 In Drosophila, a hierarchy of maternal, gap, pair-rule, and segment polarity gene interactions regula

17 l network comprised of maternal effect, gap, pair-rule, and segment polarity genes.

18 cleic acid probes based on Watson-Crick base-pairing rules are also being widely applied in biosensin

19 ven within this broad context, the canonical pairing rules are remarkably predictive of polyamide DNA

20 ing between nucleotides A-T and C-G, and the pairing rules are the molecule basis of genetic code.

21 ures with DNA according to Watson-Crick base pairing rules, but contains a N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine ba

22 feedback loop with run-1, as is found in the pair-rule circuit of the beetle Tribolium Taken together

23 hila melanogaster is a crucial member of the pair-rule class of segmentation genes.

24 genes of the segment polarity, homeotic, and pair-rule classes.

25 Analysis of interactions between pair-rule components revealed that Tc-eve, Tc-run, and T

26 Embryos lacking Ftz-F1 display ftz-like pair-rule cuticular defects.

27 Drosophila pair-rule genes are expressed in pair-rule domains, but only five have pair-rule function

28 sensilla houses two neurons, which observe a pairing rule: each sensillum combines neurons of two par

29 s or chelicerates, suggesting that the early pair-rule expression pattern of Pax3/7 genes in insects

30 of Drosophila pair-rule genes, which display pair-rule expression patterns.

31 es DNA nanotechnology in many ways, the base-pairing rules for constructing nanoparticles are differe

32 The subsequent development of pairing rules for minor-groove binding polyamides contai

33 otif and structural analysis define expanded pairing rules for over 200 mammalian miRNAs.

34 The small molecule approach utilizes pairing rules for pyrrole-imidazole polyamides that targ

35 homo-DNA, shows stable self-pairing, but the pairing rules for the four natural bases are not the sam

36 sed in pair-rule domains, but only five have pair-rule functions.

37 pe, and exhibited aberrant expression of the pair rule gene even skipped (eve) at the cellular blasto

38 te transcription of target genes such as the pair rule gene even-skipped.

39 omic resources we identify a complete set of pair rule gene homologues from the centipede Strigamia m

40 the vertebrate homologues of the Drosophila pair rule gene odd-paired.

41 This pair-rule gene circuit provides insight into short-germ

42 lated by the nuclear proteins of the gap and pair-rule gene classes but, after gastrulation, wg trans

43 ndependent of Wingless signaling, suggesting pair-rule gene control.

44 ating that maternal/gap-mediated control and pair-rule gene cross-regulation are closely integrated.

45 Drosophila hairy is a primary pair-rule gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix class t

46 The striped expression pattern of the pair-rule gene even skipped (eve) is established by five

47 The Drosophila pair-rule gene even skipped (eve) is required for embryo

48 The product of the pair-rule gene even skipped has previously been shown to

49 ap genes Kruppel (Kr) and giant (gt) and the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve) during cellularization

50 netic activity, the stripe 2 enhancer of the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve) was used to express kn

51 stinct regulatory regions (enhancers) of the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve).

52 nes Kruppel (Kr) and hunchback (hb), and the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve).

53 ad gap gene buttonhead (btd) and the primary pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve).

54 tion of insect segmentation, homologs of the pair-rule gene even-skipped have been studied in several

55 e have identified homologs of the Drosophila pair-rule gene even-skipped in the glossiphoniid leeches

56 The pair-rule gene even-skipped is required for the initiati

57 similar to those caused by mutations in the pair-rule gene even-skipped.

58 precise scaling in the placement of gap and pair-rule gene expression along the anterior-posterior a

59 s might suggest that the factors upstream of pair-rule gene expression are not conserved across insec

60 n the dipterans and that similar patterns of pair-rule gene expression can be obtained with different

61 factor "runt," a known repressor of gap and pair-rule gene expression in Drosophila.

62 domains is critical for striped patterns of pair-rule gene expression in the Drosophila embryo.

63 Detailed analysis of engrailed and pair-rule gene expression in various mutant combinations

64 These results, interpreted within the pair-rule gene expression patterns, suggest separate mod

65 he segmentation phenotype and the effects on pair-rule gene expression suggests that this role is to

66 vity lack segments and show abnormal gap and pair-rule gene expression, although no LIM domain protei

67 lly analysing the spatiotemporal dynamics of pair-rule gene expression, we demonstrate that frequency

68 tead plays a limited role as an activator of pair-rule gene expression.

69 We present a new model of pair-rule gene function that explains the response of th

70 that hedgehog (hh) and wingless (wg) mediate pair-rule gene functions in the mesoderm, probably partl

71 The Drosophila pair-rule gene fushi tarazu (ftz) is a derived Hox gene

72 The pair-rule gene fushi tarazu (ftz) of Drosophila is expre

73 The periodicity of the Tribolium pair-rule gene interactions reveals components of the ge

74 The fushi tarazu pair-rule gene is required for the formation of alternat

75 onstrated stage-specific architecture of the pair-rule gene network.

76 A mouse homolog of the Drosophila pair-rule gene Odd Oz (Odz4) maps to the critical region

77 of the vertebrate homologs of the Drosophila pair-rule gene odd-paired (opa).

78 d-paired-like) that resembles the Drosophila pair-rule gene odd-paired and encodes a zinc finger prot

79 m 1), one of five homologs of the Drosophila pair-rule gene odd-paired, encodes a transcription facto

80 The Drosophila pair-rule gene paired is required for the correct expres

81 The even-skipped (eve) pair-rule gene plays a key role in the establishment of

82 gamma-heregulin, a Drosophila receptor-type pair-rule gene product, Odd Oz (Odz) / Ten(m), and Ten(a

83 arity genes is initiated by a pre-pattern of pair-rule gene products and maintained by a network of r

84 Pair-rule gene products subsequently 'imprint' segment p

85 Our findings indicate that the pair-rule gene regulatory network has a temporally modul

86 The protein encoded by the pair-rule gene runt functions as a transcriptional regul

87 Recently, the cyclic nature of the pair-rule gene Tc-odd-skipped was demonstrated in the gr

88 ch were initially described as ten-a and the pair-rule gene ten-m/odz in Drosophila, are a family of

89 sults indicate that lilli represents a novel pair-rule gene that acts in cytoskeleton regulation, seg

90 We report here that paired (prd), a pair-rule gene which had been considered to be below eve

91 ifically, we show that the Tribolium primary pair-rule gene, Tc-even-skipped (Tc-eve), is expressed i

92 ing both early stripe elements recapitulates pair-rule gene-dependent regulation in a manner beyond w

93 Oncopeltus, even-skipped is not acting as a pair-rule gene.

94 nctional division into primary and secondary pair rule genes described in insects.

95 we find that the expression of the Strigamia pair rule genes in periodic patterns is restricted to th

96 egmentation of the embryo via the control of pair rule genes including even skipped and the establish

97 lative expression of a number of the primary pair rule genes is divergent between myriapods and insec

98 a conserved hierarchical organisation of the pair rule genes, with a division into early- and late-ac

99 l decisions, in particular the regulation of pair-rule genes and fly hematopoiesis.

100 in a dynamic pattern reminiscent of gap and pair-rule genes and is required for the appropriate expr

101 iped expression of the even-skipped and runt pair-rule genes are both necessary and sufficient to ori

102 of almost all the eight canonical Drosophila pair-rule genes are expressed in pair-rule domains, but

103 Although orthologs of some Drosophila pair-rule genes are not required for proper segmentation

104 The pair-rule genes are pivotal in this process as they are

105 l and gap gene patterns, whereas 'secondary' pair-rule genes are thought to rely on 7-stripe elements

106 y that specifies regions in the embryo where pair-rule genes can be activated or repressed.

107 al code of Toll-like receptors downstream of pair-rule genes contributes to Myosin II polarization vi

108 Since secondary pair-rule genes directly regulate segment polarity genes

109 In Drosophila, primary pair-rule genes establish the parasegmental boundaries a

110 FF state of expression of the earlier acting pair-rule genes eve and ftz.

111 or the appropriate expression of the primary pair-rule genes even skipped, hairy and runt.

112 gand Delta, and homologues of the Drosophila pair-rule genes even-skipped and hairy, show periodic ex

113 -type, but striped patterning of the primary pair-rule genes even-skipped and runt is disrupted.

114 However, the Nasonia pair-rule genes even-skipped, odd-skipped, runt and hair

115 How pair-rule genes function during the progressive mode of

116 The 'primary' pair-rule genes generate their 7-stripe expression throu

117 JAK signaling to stimulate transcription of pair-rule genes in a segmentally restricted manner in th

118 enesis shares many properties with canonical pair-rule genes in other insects.

119 xamined the results of expressing one or two pair-rule genes in the absence of the other known pair-r

120 at refines the expression pattern of gap and pair-rule genes in the Drosophila blastoderm embryo.

121 The complement of primary pair-rule genes in Tribolium differs from Drosophila in

122 nt, the 'late element', under the control of pair-rule genes including eve itself.

123 also support the idea that prepatterning by pair-rule genes is conserved between these two insects.

124 At gastrulation, interactions between the pair-rule genes lead to frequency doubling and the patte

125 mRNA transcripts of pair-rule genes localise to the apical cytoplasm of the

126 ia uses a mixed mode of segmentation wherein pair-rule genes pattern the embryo in a manner resemblin

127 rther indicates that mutual repression among pair-rule genes plays an important role in establishing

128 o these genes, a subdivision that depends on pair-rule genes such as even-skipped (eve).

129 na (grasshopper), the expression patterns of pair-rule genes such as even-skipped are not conserved b

130 embryogenesis, paired acts as one of several pair-rule genes that define the boundaries of future par

131 ream target genes regulated by Ftz and other pair-rule genes to direct segment formation are not know

132 emporally modulated topology, permitting the pair-rule genes to play stage-specific patterning roles.

133 Within this hierarchy, the pair-rule genes translate gradients of information into

134 gmentation hierarchy, periodic expression of pair-rule genes translates gradients of regional informa

135 Pair-rule genes were identified and named for their role

136 f 27 genes; these include several gap genes, pair-rule genes, and anterior, posterior, trunk, and ter

137 olarity genes are initially activated by the pair-rule genes, and later maintain each other's express

138 he observed spatiotemporal expression of the pair-rule genes, but only when the system is provided wi

139 We propose that pair-rule genes, exemplified by Ftz/Ftz-F1, promote segm

140 be below eve in the regulatory hierarchy of pair-rule genes, in fact plays a critical role in the re

141 ctivated Tc-wg in the absence of the primary pair-rule genes, Tc-even-skipped (Tc-eve), Tc-runt (Tc-r

142 Expression of one or both of the secondary pair-rule genes, Tc-sloppy-paired (Tc-slp) and Tc-paired

143 alyzed the Tribolium orthologs of Drosophila pair-rule genes, which display pair-rule expression patt

144 skipped, runt and odd-skipped act as primary pair-rule genes, while the functions of paired (prd) and

145 egulatory interactions between the different pair-rule genes.

146 he anteriormost stripes of several different pair-rule genes.

147 ators that shape the patterned expression of pair-rule genes.

148 twork of regulatory interactions between the pair-rule genes.

149 athway are expressed at the same time as the pair-rule genes.

150 a reclassification of ftz and odd as primary pair-rule genes.

151 he complex transcriptional regulation of the pair-rule genes.

152 efly resembles a sequence that is typical of pair-rule genes.

153 nd wingless (wg) via regulation of secondary pair-rule genes.

154 rule genes in the absence of the other known pair-rule genes.

155 ges of segment patterning, regulated by the "pair-rule" genes, are still not well understood at the s

156 odicity, defined by the expression of seven 'pair-rule' genes, each in a pattern of seven stripes.

157 Pairing rules have been developed to predict the sequenc

158 The well-understood base pairing rules have enabled nucleic acids to be assembled

159 n beetles and parasitic wasps, for instance, pair-rule homologues are expressed in patterns consisten

160 In contrast, although in locusts pair-rule homologues may not control segmentation, some

161 urce synthesize DNA by the Watson-Crick base-pairing rule, incorporating A, G, C, and T opposite the

162 of Oncopeltus even-skipped shows no apparent pair-rule like phenotype, while stronger RNAi suppressio

163 ion may occur through irregular and episodic pair-rule-like activity.

164 The fish gene is initially expressed in a pair-rule-like pattern which is rapidly replaced by stro

165 process in the whole animal, like Drosophila pair-rule mutants.

166 uplex structures following Watson-Crick base pairing rules opens fields in biochemistry, diagnostics,

167 man Pol(iota) violates the Watson-Crick base-pairing rule opposite template T.

168 egmentally reiterated stripes and not in the pair-rule pattern as it is in D. melanogaster.

169 expression initiates in a segmental and not pair-rule pattern.

170 However, we do not detect evidence of pair-rule patterning in either myriapods or chelicerates

171 paired and represents the first evidence for pair-rule patterning in short germ grasshoppers or any h

172 ividual lines showed specific disruptions in pair-rule patterning that were correlated with the level

173 lium reveals an unprecedented flexibility in pair-rule patterning.

174 Both the gap and the pair-rule patterns of gene expression are dynamic in Clo

175 s that read off the already periodic primary pair-rule patterns.

176 s does D-Stat, had an incompletely penetrant pair rule phenotype, and exhibited aberrant expression o

177 pattern are lost, leading to embryos with a pair-rule phenotype.

178 d) and sloppy-paired (Tc-slp) genes produced pair-rule phenotypes when their transcripts were severel

179 A set of pair-rule (PR) segmentation genes (PRGs) promotes the fo

180 A major repressor is the pair-rule protein Runt (Run), which is expressed in an o

181 The Hairy and Runt pair-rule proteins regulate Drosophila segmentation by r

182 tion in modulating the activities of gap and pair-rule proteins.

183 ents contribute to the proper integration of pair-rule regulatory information.

184 regulation of interactions between these two pair-rule response elements and the slp1 promoter.

185 Here, we characterize the features of hairy pair-rule RNA transcripts that mediate their apical loca

186 helical DNA structure and Watson-Crick base pairing rules, scientists have constructed a number of D

187 d among distantly related insects, including pair-rule, segment polarity, and neural patterns.

188 ncluding representatives of coordinate, gap, pair-rule, segment polarity, homeotic, and Polycomb grou

189 nces between the embryos, a hierarchy of gap/pair-rule/segment polarity gene function may be a shared

190 e additional gene was identified that causes pair-rule segmentation defects in embryos from homozygou

191 The pair-rule segmentation gene even skipped (eve) is requir

192 role in the Runt-dependent activation of the pair-rule segmentation gene fushi-tarazu (ftz).

193 pression of runt provides evidence that this pair-rule segmentation gene has a direct role in repress

194 arose as a homeotic gene but functions as a pair-rule segmentation gene in Drosophila.

195 uring arthropod evolution from Hox-like to a pair-rule segmentation gene in Drosophila.

196 s identified as a zinc finger homolog of the pair-rule segmentation gene odd-skipped.

197 hairy is a Drosophila pair-rule segmentation gene that functions genetically a

198 by the transcription factors encoded by the pair-rule segmentation genes.

199 ts from transcription factors encoded by the pair-rule segmentation genes.

200 gene, which was identified on the basis of a pair-rule segmentation phenotype in mutant embryos, is i

201 eleton during cellularization, and exhibit a pair-rule segmentation phenotype.

202 ne causes embryonic lethality and a specific pair-rule segmentation phenotype.

203 d in every segment prior to the evolution of pair-rule segmentation.

204 the precise spatial arrangement of anterior pair-rule stripe borders required for expression of the

205 on of the regulatory architecture underlying pair-rule stripe formation.

206 hairy are all expressed as early blastoderm pair-rule stripes and late-forming posterior stripes.

207 This result suggests that dynamic shifts of pair-rule stripes are essential for segment patterning i

208 For example, unlike the seven pair-rule stripes of eve expression in the Drosophila em

209 interacts with the ftz promoter to maintain pair-rule stripes of ftz expression during gastrulation

210 delineating sharp expression patterns (e.g., pair-rule stripes) within broad domains of gene activati

211 expressed in the Drosophila embryo in seven pair-rule stripes, but later exhibits a segment polarity

212 even-skipped (Calb-eve), a component of the pair-rule system that is directly regulated by the gap g

213 construct a logical model of the Drosophila pair-rule system that takes into account the demonstrate

214 Among the complications for dissecting the pair-rule to segment-polarity transition are the regulat

215 us central to the combinatorial logic of the pair-rule to segment-polarity transition.

216 A nanotechnology relies on Watson-Crick base pairing rules to assemble DNA motifs into diverse arrang

217 mbryos to test zygotic gene requirements for pair-rule transcript localization.

218 sion levels to probe the role of the primary pair-rule transcription factor Runt in segment-polarity

219 The gsb gene encodes a pair-rule transcription factor that participates in embr

220 on of the sloppy-paired-1 (slp1) gene by the pair-rule transcription factors during early Drosophila

221 ailed (en), two other pivotal targets of the pair-rule transcription factors, strongly suggests that

222 investigating the mechanism of regulation by pair-rule transcription factors.

223 phila syncytial blastoderm embryo depends on pair-rule transcriptional regulators.

224 Drosophila pair-rule transcripts accumulate exclusively apical of t

225 ta suggest that mRNA localisation signals in pair-rule transcripts affect nuclear protein uptake and

226 se results support a mechanism of localizing pair-rule transcripts by directional (vectorial) nuclear

227 tera, localisation of even-skipped and hairy pair-rule transcripts is evolutionarily labile and corre

228 yos with multiple layers or cortical nuclei, pair-rule transcripts lie apical of both superficial and

229 We show in Drosophila that localised pair-rule transcripts target their proteins in close pro

230 rved specificity of anti-APCp1 validates the pairing rules used as the basis for the probe design, an

231 The pairing rules were tested by designing a 54-residue pept

232 Although specific pairing rules within the 2:1 motif can be used to distin