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   1  null mice both have clefts of the secondary palate.                                                 
     2 for fusion to occur to establish the primary palate.                                                 
     3 latory protein (Esrp1) develop cleft lip and palate.                                                 
     4 s is conserved in ferret, pig and human soft palate.                                                 
     5 ular keratinocyte differentiation, and cleft palate.                                                 
     6 lformations such as dental defects and cleft palate.                                                 
     7 tterning, hydrocephalus incidence, and cleft palate.                                                 
     8 syndrome, 2 syndromic forms of cleft lip and palate.                                                 
     9 aniofacial defects including cleft secondary palate.                                                 
    10 us membrane, the retromolar triangle and the palate.                                                 
    11 on and non-surgical correction of cleft soft palate.                                                 
    12  most common syndromic form of cleft lip and palate.                                                 
    13 ratory failure, neonatal lethality and cleft palate.                                                 
    14 ssively enlarging ulcerated mass on the hard palate.                                                 
    15 rmal oral periderm and 17% developed a cleft palate.                                                 
    16 ssue interactions, resulting in a cleft soft palate.                                                 
    17 sis and bilateral cleft of the soft and hard palate.                                                 
    18 growth resulted in clefting of the secondary palate.                                                 
    19 ly affects the physiological function of the palate.                                                 
    20 models exhibit an isolated cleft in the soft palate.                                                 
    21 ppropriate than tissue transplanted from the palate.                                                 
    22 that of Tgfbr2 mutant mice, as well as cleft palate.                                                 
    23 osynostosis, mandibular hypoplasia and cleft palate.                                                 
    24  a median cleft in the upper lip and primary palate.                                                 
    25  a median cleft in the upper lip and primary palate.                                                 
    26 he regularly spaced transverse ridges of the palate.                                                 
    27 asal symmetry in patients with cleft lip and palate.                                                 
    28 reatment trajectories, such as cleft lip and palate.                                                 
    29 se at the midline, forming the hard and soft palate.                                                 
    30 e palatal mesenchyme, exhibit isolated cleft palate.                                                 
    31 abnormal oral epithelial adhesions and cleft palate.                                                 
    32  and these patients often have cleft lip and palate.                                                 
    33 hich resulted in an absence of the secondary palate.                                                 
    34 ry acquisition of the mandible and secondary palate.                                                 
    35 poplasia, cardiovascular anomalies and cleft palates.                                                
    36 ation defect in both Tgfbr2 and Smad4 mutant palates.                                                
    37 re; Tgfbr2(fl/fl) and Osr2-Cre; Smad4(fl/fl) palates.                                                
  
    39  of any of these processes could cause cleft palate, a common birth defect that significantly affects
  
    41 e virus, we demonstrate that the ferret soft palate, a tissue not normally sampled in animal models o
    42 ed all cells (up to approximately 20,000 per palate), allowing the quantification of cell shape and p
    43 row nasal bridge, a tented upper lip, a high palate, an open mouth, tightly adherent skin, an aged ap
    44 having exencephaly, pericardial edema, cleft palate and abnormal limb development, phenotypes not obs
    45  that loss of Dlx5 leads to a shortened soft palate and an absence of the levator veli palatini, pala
    46 mal-dominant disorder characterized by cleft palate and congenital contractures of the hands and feet
  
  
    49 osome Xq22.1 associates with epilepsy, cleft palate and developmental defects in heterozygous female 
    50 cle-associated epithelium of the dorsal soft palate and dorsal nasopharynx in persistently infected c
  
  
    53 exposure to inhaled beta2-agonists for cleft palate and gastroschisis and found a potential new signa
    54 formed on a subject with micrognathia, cleft palate and hypotonia that harbored a de novo, balanced c
    55 f multiple genes genetically linked to cleft palate and identify AP-2alpha (TFAP2A) as a co-regulator
    56 were harvested in the anterior and posterior palate and in areas close to (marginal) and distant from
    57 naling and osteoblast differentiation in the palate and increased osteogenesis in FGF mutants, indica
    58  with different malformations, such as cleft palate and limb deformation, resembling the human congen
  
  
  
  
  
    64 al defects including bilateral cleft lip and palate and tongue agenesis, following the loss of the pr
    65 ttal view which can be used to differentiate palate and tongue obstructions, and this can be helpful 
  
    67 ar defects were also found, along with cleft palates and ectopically located thymi, in Wnt1-Cre alpha
    68 ia, temporomandibular joint ankylosis, cleft palate, and a characteristic "question-mark" ear malform
    69 defects, excencephaly, hyperterlorism, cleft palate, and a striking loss of many NC and paraxial meso
    70  pigmentation, blue pigmentation on the hard palate, and black pigment deposits on the conjuctivae.  
    71 trimester, mothers of limb deficiency, cleft palate, and cleft lip cases were, respectively, 1.8 (95%
  
    73 estes, hypospadias, hydrocephalus, cleft lip/palate, and clubfoot) was determined by physical examina
    74 n between the nasal septum and the secondary palate, and higher levels of phosphorylated SMAD1 and SM
    75 apular descending eruption, petechiae on the palate, and hyperemic sclerae in a 44-year-old man retur
  
  
    78 re seen in children with microcephaly, cleft palate, and selected eye, cardiac, and renal defects.   
  
  
    81 , coarctation of the aorta, cleft lip, cleft palate, anorectal atresia/stenosis, and limb reduction (
    82 ified associations with cleft lip with cleft palate (aOR = 1.23) and anorectal atresia/stenosis (aOR 
  
    84 s--affecting the eyes, face, jaw, tongue, or palate--are an under-recognised feature of patients with
    85 late p57(Kip2) expression in the prospective palate area to allow adequate levels of cell proliferati
  
  
  
    89  morphologies, such as clefts of the primary palate, because there appears to be little opportunity f
    90 olydactyly, heart defects, hypomastia, cleft palate/bifid uvula, progressive scoliosis, and structura
  
    92 e genes for genetic disorders (cleft lip and palate, certain forms of cancer) or solute uptake and ef
    93 uld decrease cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- P) risk and that menstrual regulation sup
  
    95 ndromic (NS) cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common disorder with a strong genetic
  
  
    98 on-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), are among the most common birth defects i
    99 commonly found in individuals with cleft lip/palate (CL/P), we used four large cohorts to evaluate if
  
  
  
   103 niofacial defects, middle-ear defects, cleft palate, cleft lip, limb defects, limb-reduction defects,
   104 are shown by the genetic rescue of secondary palate clefts in Pax9(-/-)Dkk1(f/+);Wnt1Cre embryos.    
   105 , Wnt3a and Wnt11; an increased frequency of palate closure defects is observed with Vangl2; and earl
  
  
  
   109  wider de novo deletions among cleft lip and palate (CLP) cases than seen among cleft palate (CP) and
  
   111 ommon diseases, isolated cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP), hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer all map 
  
  
  
  
   116 treatable conditions (breast mass, cleft lip/palate, club foot, hernia or hydrocele [adult and paedia
   117 fective therapies for the treatment of cleft palate conditions and other single-gene disorders affect
  
   119 h or without palate (CLP) and isolated cleft palate (CP) are common human developmental malformations
  
  
  
   123 rmal development (including cleft lip and/or palate, craniosynostosis and facial dysostoses), compris
   124 t years, in vitro cell-based assays, ex vivo palate cultures, and genetically engineered animal model
   125 s of relative tissue composition in the hard palate, DE-harvested CTG contains much larger amounts of
  
  
  
   129 a novel connection between the initiation of palate development and a cell cycle inhibitor via LHX.  
  
  
  
   133 ore, understanding the molecular genetics of palate development is important from both scientific and
  
   135  complex nature of the upper lip and primary palate development which will lead to important insights
   136 tifying a large number of genes required for palate development, recent studies have begun to unravel
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   148 c Fuz mutant mouse, we find that high arched palate does not, as commonly suggested, arise from midfa
   149 brafish, untreated pdgfra mutants have cleft palate due to defective neural crest cell migration, whe
   150 erozygosity for the deletion manifests cleft palate, early postnatal lethality, postnatal growth dela
  
   152 dactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome is caused by single point mutation
   153 dactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome patients with p63 mutations as an 
  
  
   156 ptured confocal stacks of entire fixed mouse palate epithelia throughout the mid-gestation growth per
   157 by a subset of taste cells on the tongue and palate epithelium that respond to acids with trains of a
  
   159 n, and that wnt5b and wnt9a are required for palate extension in the anteroposterior and transverse a
  
  
   162   Recent data suggest that the risk of cleft palate formation after in-utero glucocorticoid exposure 
   163 aniofacial development with special focus on palate formation, using mouse embryos with a complete kn
  
  
  
   167 ne expression profiles of embryonic day 14.5 palates from Tgfbr2(fl/fl);Wnt1-Cre mice and previously 
   168 cell intercalation and cell extrusion during palate fusion and suggest a general mechanism for tissue
  
  
   171 , and patients with the common cleft lip and palate have a higher prevalence of dental caries and gin
  
  
  
  
  
  
   178 hway have been associated with cleft lip and palate in humans and mice, the mechanisms involving cano
   179 have been linked to clefts of the lip and/or palate in humans, and ablation of PDGF-C in 129/Sv backg
  
   181 st an indirect mechanism for secondary cleft palate in Nog mutants that may be relevant to human clef
  
  
  
  
   186 ndividuals with isolated cleft lip and cleft palate, increased risks of intellectual disability (rela
   187 is believed to be the initial report of hard-palate infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis.    
   188 e developmental disorder manifested by cleft palate, intellectual disability, and skeletal abnormalit
  
  
  
  
  
   194 tening of the snout and widening of the hard palate is common to brachycephalic dogs and is a welfare
  
  
  
  
   199 ociated with cognitive defects and cleft lip/palate, its role in mammalian development and physiology
  
   201 derived from the 4th PA mesoderm in the soft palate, likely via interactions between CNC-derived and 
   202  rather than repression and formation of the palate, lip, and characteristic folds of the closed Anti
   203 identified as genetic risk factors for cleft palate, little is known about the relationship between T
   204 n normal airways, the secreted protein short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) effec
   205 ly of innate immune genes, particularly with palate, lung and nasal epithelial clone (PLUNC) members 
  
   207 natural regulation of ENaC activity by short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1, known as SPL
   208 clone 1 (SPLUNC1) protein is a member of the palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (PLUNC) family,
  
  
   211 oband presented with bilateral cleft lip and palate, malformed auricles, and bilateral ectrodactyly o
   212    Wnt1-Cre;Erk2(fl/fl) mice exhibited cleft palate, malformed tongue, micrognathia and mandibular as
   213  capacity for bone formation in the expanded palate, more than 80% of the patient population experien
   214 ), bypassing the role of the gene in lip and palate morphogenesis and thus ensuring survival to adult
   215 This work presents a mechanistic analysis of palate morphogenesis in a clinically relevant context.  
  
   217 ough a Pax9(Osr2KI) allele rescued posterior palate morphogenesis in the absence of Pax9 protein func
  
  
  
   221 e mutants also show complete secondary cleft palate, most likely due to inhibition of posterior palat
   222 ing 14 specialties (ophthalmology, cleft lip/palate, multidisciplinary teams, orthopaedics, cardiac, 
   223 rgical specialties (ophthalmology, cleft lip/palate, multidisciplinary teams, orthopaedics, cardiac, 
   224 naling in the palatal epithelium led to soft palate muscle defects in Tgfbr2(fl/fl);K14-Cre mice.    
  
  
   227  an X-linked lethal disorder involving cleft palate, neonatal seizures, contractures, central nervous
  
   229    Nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (nsCL/P) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (nsCP
   230 nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in populations of Asian and European anc
  
   232 Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is among the most common human birth def
  
  
  
  
  
  
   239 (fl/fl);K14-Cre mice, although the secondary palate of Irf6(+/R84C) and Smad4(fl/fl);K14-Cre mice for
  
   241 atenin signaling, is upregulated in the soft palate of Tgfbr2(fl/fl);K14-Cre mice, and WNT-beta-caten
  
  
   244 cally, muscle mass was decreased in the soft palates of Tgfbr2 mutant mice, following defects in cell
   245  expression of both cyclins D1 and D3 in the palates of Tgfbr2(fl/fl);Wnt1-Cre mice, consistent with 
   246 GFBR2 expression levels were elevated in the palates of these miR transgenic embryos at embryonic day
   247 al fusion, failure of which results in cleft palate, one of the most common birth defects in humans. 
  
  
   250 cleft palate (nsCL/P) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (nsCPO) are the most frequent subphenotypes 
   251 some loci with NSCL/P and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) in cohorts from Africa (Ghana, Ethio
  
  
  
   255 was observed for the fetal NOG1 SNP on cleft palate only, opposite in direction to the effect on CLO.
  
  
  
  
  
   261 he motoneuronal cell groups innervating soft palate, pharynx, and larynx as well as diaphragm, interc
   262  innervating the dilator muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx, but abnormal respiratory me
   263 ax9(-/-) mouse model with a consistent cleft palate phenotype to test small-molecule Wnt agonist ther
   264 nt1-Cre mice and previously identified cleft palate phenotypes in genetically engineered mouse models
   265 of the CNC-derived mesenchyme in the lip and palate region in mice and is a strong candidate as an or
   266  etiology of cleft lip with or without cleft palate, relatively little is known about the genetic eti
   267 d cellular mechanism of clefting of the soft palate remains unclear because few animal models exhibit
  
   269 itarian surgical organisations provide cleft palate repair for patients without access to surgical ca
   270  hypoplastic maxilla and mandible, and cleft palate resulting from a failure of palatal shelves to ap
   271 ns: buccal mucosa, keratinized gingiva, hard palate; saliva, tongue, tonsils, throat; sub- and supra-
  
  
   274 he palatal mesenchyme, did not display cleft palate, suggesting that palatal clefting in Wnt1-Cre;Erk
   275 ein (BMP) downstream targets in Smad4 mutant palates, suggesting that the reduction in cell prolifera
   276 as ophthalmology (88, 28%) and cleft lip and palate surgery (70, 22%) were also frequently performed.
  
  
  
   280 ects in the anterior and posterior secondary palate, these phenotypes were less severe than those see
  
  
   283 ng and proper muscle development in the soft palate through tissue-tissue interactions, resulting in 
  
  
  
   287  proteins were not expressed on MEE cells of palates treated with SB431542, an inhibitor of TGFbeta s
   288 f anterior-posterior obstruction of the soft palate, uvular (94%) and velar (6%), and three types of 
   289 evelopment of the neural crest such as cleft palate, ventricular septal defect, abnormal development 
  
  
  
  
   294 pharyngeal fat pads, lateral walls, and soft palate) was similar between subjects with OSAS and obese
   295 ffected siblings with isolated cleft lip and palate, we discovered that they share a novel missense m
  
   297 stula presentation among three cohorts whose palates were repaired between April, 2005, and November,
   298 tion and was remarkably enriched in the soft palate, where long-chain alpha2,6-linked sialic acids pr
  
   300  exhibit VSDs with ~50% penetrance and cleft palate with less than 10% penetrance; and Fz2(-/-);Fz7(-
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