ライフサイエンスコーパス: pallidal

1 DLM, and their traits suggest that they are pallidal.

2 The effects of posterior internal pallidal ablation (GPi pallidotomy) on parkinsonian sign

3 To investigate the translation of pallidal activity and its relay through the thalamus, we

4 tion of pathological low frequency (4-12 Hz) pallidal activity that has been described in local field

5 Coherence between EMG activity and pallidal activity was mainly found in patients with phas

6 rate afferent systems in rats; inhibition of pallidal afferents selectively increased the population

7 anatomical results suggest a dual effect of pallidal afferents to projection neurons: direct inhibit

8 PV-containing neurons in pallidal and adjacent basal forebrain territories are th

9 n the patients were 'ON' medication, whereas pallidal and cerebellar activations were evident 'OFF' m

10 jections, as well as interdigitating foci of pallidal and cerebellar label, particularly in border re

11 nces were observed in the volume of striatal/pallidal and hippocampal/parahippocampal activity in tha

12 The pallidal and hypothalamic inputs to the LHb homolog are

13 in the mammalian and avian brain focusing on pallidal and nigral cell groups.

14 in multiple regions and iron accumulation in pallidal and nigral neurons.

15 gnetic stimulation) corresponds to striatal, pallidal, and frontal activation (indexed by functional

16 g significantly activated frontal, striatal, pallidal, and motor cortical regions, consistent with th

17 Prefrontal, thalamic, hippocampal, amygdala, pallidal, and striatal volumetric measurements were comp

18 subcortical shape reveals that (i) striatal, pallidal, and thalamic domains linked to specific fronto

19 al in GP per neuron than in STR since in the pallidal areas neurons were sparse but intensely labeled

20 We simultaneously recorded from presynaptic pallidal axon terminals and postsynaptic thalamocortical

21 the thalamus, we next recorded directly from pallidal axon terminals in thalamic nucleus DLM, and fou

22 After 5-6 weeks in vitro, pallidal axons had radiated from numerous large-sized PV

23 Quantitative pallidal blood flow was measured using positron emission

24 ur model network consists of subthalamic and pallidal (both external and internal segments) neural as

25 Pallidal boutons were also found in complex synaptic arr

26 Pallidal bursts, although weaker than STN bursts, were r

27 postsynaptic localization of the receptor in pallidal cell bodies adjacent to enkephalin- or synaptop

28 d neural activity distinguishes two putative pallidal cell types in area X: thalamus-projecting neuro

29 is a basal ganglia homolog that contains two pallidal cell types-local neurons that project within th

30 edial borders of the nucleus and none of the pallidal cells expressing FLI were immunopositive for ch

31 carefully selected group of 74 "arm-related" pallidal cells in two rhesus monkeys.

32 Surprisingly, we found evidence that many pallidal cells may not project to the thalamus, but rath

33 Two types of ventral pallidal cells were observed.

34 Like pallidal cells, large GABAergic cells project from Area

35 trong effects of DBS on the activity of most pallidal cells, reach-related modulations in firing rate

36 lose contacts on the somata and dendrites of pallidal cells.

37 contain cells displaying either striatal or pallidal characteristics.

38 The role of limbic-striato-pallidal circuitry in cocaine-induced reinstatement was

39 Three-dimensional cortico-pallidal coherence images were compared to surrogate ima

40 the sensorimotor territories of the striato-pallidal complex during the explicit learning of motor s

41 Within Area X, the striatal-pallidal component of this forebrain pathway, early soci

42 mmalian basal ganglia, with the striatal and pallidal components intermingled in one nucleus.

43 cuitry, area X may contain both striatal and pallidal components.

44 This pattern of results has implications for pallidal control of striatal versus downstream basal gan

45 records of three DYT6 patients who underwent pallidal DBS by one surgical team.

46 While early results of pallidal DBS for DYT6 dystonia are encouraging, further

47 ly refractory primary dystonia who underwent pallidal DBS implants.

48 Pallidal DBS resulted in a median contralateral hemibody

49 nia are generally outstanding candidates for pallidal DBS, with the possible exception of axial FSD.

50 s treated for at least 1 year with bilateral pallidal DBS.

51 Pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently the m

52 Dystonia can be effectively treated by pallidal deep brain stimulation although the mechanism o

53 published concerning therapeutic outcome of pallidal deep brain stimulation in dystonia caused by ne

54 gather worldwide experiences with bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with neurode

55 in iron accumulation improves with bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation, although this improveme

56 primary dystonias and their treatment using pallidal deep brain stimulation.

57 n with brain iron accumulation and bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation.

58 ablished between clinical symptom scores and pallidal degeneration provides a novel contribution to u

59 ortical excitatory, striatal inhibitory, and pallidal disinhibitory components - to specific parts of

60 ces basal ganglia information processing via pallidal dopamine (DA) D2, D3, and possibly D1 receptors

61 l neuron function, and that the cessation of pallidal dopamine transmission can activate gene express

62 on, our findings supported the importance of pallidal dopaminergic neurotransmission in both the earl

63 t" and "indirect" pathways that regulate the pallidal (e.g., globus pallidus) output nuclei involved

64 al field potentials (LFPs) recorded from the pallidal electrodes.

65 gesting that the projection cells are not of pallidal embryonic origin.

66 These results suggest that pallidal enkephalin release may be modulated by mu opioi

67 onist injections have been shown to increase pallidal expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD(67)

68 , although Area X combines both striatal and pallidal features, it is not a simple recapitulation of

69 lidosubthalamic transmission was elevated or pallidal fibers were synchronously activated by electric

70 eptor (GABA(A)R)-mediated IPSPs arising from pallidal fibers.

71 nd that disinhibition of thalamus may entail pallidal firing rate decelerations rather than simple lo

72 Pallidal firing rates and patterns differ significantly

73 n these modes depending on the statistics of pallidal firing.

74 In all animals that received U91356a, pallidal flow decreased in a dose-related manner.

75 F had a similar response, but the decline in pallidal flow was greater in magnitude and remained sign

76 isperidone on striatal DA release, while the pallidal GABA changes are similar to previous results ob

77 ty by differentially modulating striatal and pallidal GABAergic inputs.

78 APD), risperidone, on striatal monoamine and pallidal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function using d

79 Pallidal GLU-ir neurons were heterogeneous, consisting o

80 movement facilitatory decreases in internal pallidal (GPi) activity are primarily greater under sens

81 We conclude that pallidotomy reduces pallidal inhibition of thalamocortical circuits and reve

82 he inhibition of DAMGO-induced activation by pallidal injections of muscimol was markedly attenuated

83 erspecies differences in the distribution of pallidal input on postsynaptic targets and its participa

84 any of the dorsal thalamic nuclei receiving pallidal input project to a motor cortical field, inject

85 Because the pallidal input to these neurons forms giant calyx-like s

86 ns in the thalamus could not be explained by pallidal inputs alone and persisted following pallidal l

87 Thalamic activity is strongly inhibited by pallidal inputs from the basal ganglia, but the role of

88 on during pauses in the firing of inhibitory pallidal inputs from the BG.

89 ar inputs in the VLd and VApc and overlapped pallidal inputs in the VLa and the ventral medial nucleu

90 tion of glutamatergic cortical and GABAergic pallidal inputs to subthalamic neurons, leading to patho

91 to the EP were potentiated by D1LRs whereas pallidal inputs to the EP were depressed by D2LRs.

92 dicate that thalamic spiking is triggered by pallidal inputs via post-inhibitory 'rebound' calcium sp

93 Occasional patches of pallidal label were found in VPLo and nucleus X.

94 anterior injection in VL that produced dense pallidal labeling still labeled both STT and deep cerebe

95 Input from the ventral pallidal-lateral preoptic-lateral hypothalamus continuum

96 Pallidal lesion abolishes this bursting, whereas cortica

97 allidal inputs alone and persisted following pallidal lesion.

98 BS were similar to the effects of unilateral pallidal lesions reported elsewhere.

99 Accumbal and pallidal levels of DeltaFosB were increased at 3 days wi

100 entral pallidum (VP) and dorsal thalamus via pallidal-like neurons.

101 me individual Area X neurons may function as pallidal-like projection neurons but have striatal chara

102 "large" neurons, which most likely included pallidal-like projection neurons.

103 x1, emx2, and emx3 identifies striatal-like, pallidal-like, and septal-like subdivisions within the s

104 crease of coherence between cortical EEG and pallidal local field potential activity in the 4-12 Hz r

105 lysis revealed directional coupling with the pallidal local field potentials leading in the theta and

106 Pallidal local field potentials were recorded in 22 pati

107 Finally, motor improvement through pallidal long-term DBS correlated with theta peak amplit

108 Our findings demonstrate striatal and pallidal loss of PDE10A expression, which is associated

109 over, many Area X cells are labeled with the pallidal marker Nkx2.1, but these do not include any tha

110 supporting the link between central thalamic/pallidal metabolism and down-regulation of the frontopar

111 calized only with TRD and not PHA-L, whereas pallidal MOR1 immunostaining co-localized with PHA-L and

112 ned computational modeling of the subthalamo-pallidal network for the generation of beta oscillations

113 equency-specific, spatially-distinct cortico-pallidal networks have been identified: a pallido-tempor

114 system that could promote synchronization of pallidal networks to excitatory inputs.

115 lay a unique and critical role in modulating pallidal neuron function, and that the cessation of pall

116 sion can activate gene expression within the pallidal neuron subpopulation that maintains extensive a

117 We study the response of a bursting pallidal neuron to different patterns of synaptic input

118 ossess aspiny dendrites, and are rich in the pallidal neuron/striatal interneuron marker Lys8-Asn9-ne

119 variance analysis demonstrated that internal pallidal neuronal activity correlated significantly (r =

120 y of the timing of STN input to pallidum and pallidal neuronal dynamics, resulting in sensitivity of

121 Our findings suggest that the variability in pallidal neuronal firing rates in Parkinson's disease pa

122 ous firing patterns than did type II ventral pallidal neurons and could be antidromically activated f

123 d disrupted temporal patterns of activity in pallidal neurons and downstream cortical neurons.

124 e massive glutamatergic inputs, dendrites of pallidal neurons are covered with GABAergic boutons from

125 songbird basal ganglia are that striatal and pallidal neurons are intermingled, and that neurons dedi

126 ganglia-thalamocortical circuits, GABAergic pallidal neurons are thought to "gate" or modulate excit

127 idum, and chemogenetic inhibition of ventral pallidal neurons blocked the augmented reinstatement eli

128 To test whether songbird pallidal neurons can also communicate with thalamus by g

129 ay neurons, providing evidence that songbird pallidal neurons can gate tonic thalamic excitatory driv

130 Extracellular recordings from a total of 110 pallidal neurons during STN stimulation were performed.

131 Type I ventral pallidal neurons had axons that rarely branched near the

132 ilar morphologies found in in vivo, 2) PV-ir pallidal neurons heavily and selectively innervate the S

133 tal (HVC) neurons and their target spiny and pallidal neurons in Area X.

134 the level and pattern of firing activity of pallidal neurons in both normal and pathophysiological c

135 ls is associated with enhanced inhibition of pallidal neurons in vivo and disrupted locomotor activat

136 these neurons were similar to those of large pallidal neurons labeled by calretinin immunoreactivity,

137 A subset of pallidal neurons project directly to the thalamus.

138 Ventral pallidal neurons resemble, both morphologically and elec

139 portant to characterize the population(s) of pallidal neurons responding to local DA manipulations.

140 The somata of the pallidal neurons retrogradely labeled from injections in

141 earning in songbirds, evidence suggests that pallidal neurons signal by eliciting postinhibitory rebo

142 anglia structure Area X; Area X contains the pallidal neurons that project to thalamus.

143 On average, the number of pallidal neurons that project to the SMA and pre-SMA is

144 ALa specifically receives input from dorsal pallidal neurons that receive input from enkephalinergic

145 showing a 60% reduction in the proportion of pallidal neurons that responded to electrical stimulatio

146 rons and reduction of inhibitory synapses on pallidal neurons that serve as the BG output.

147 ptors; and (3) 5-HT postsynaptically excites pallidal neurons through activation of 5-HT2C, 5-HT4, or

148 receptors; (2) 5-HT decreases the firing of pallidal neurons through postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors;

149 nd on excitatory and inhibitory responses of pallidal neurons to electrical stimulation of the motor

150 Here, we characterized the responses of pallidal neurons to single and burst stimulation of the

151 Pallidal neurons, in contrast, exhibit markedly increase

152 akes strong synaptic connections onto output pallidal neurons, often linked in time with inhibitory e

153 innervate overlapping populations of ventral pallidal neurons, we next used optogenetics to examine w

154 ing of decreased neuronal discharge rates in pallidal neurons, we propose that physiologically dyston

155 aneous firing rates than did type II ventral pallidal neurons, which displayed extensive local axonal

156 t and decreased firing variability in Area X pallidal neurons, which provide the output to the thalam

157 emise that area X contains both striatal and pallidal neurons, with the striatal neurons likely to in

158 rtly offset the GAD(67) mRNA increase in PV- pallidal neurons.

159 iatal neurons projecting to indirect pathway pallidal neurons.

160 ested that Area X contains both striatal and pallidal neurons.

161 induced Fos almost exclusively in PV-lacking pallidal neurons.

162 y to include SP+ neurons that project to the pallidal neurons.

163 eptor profiles resembling those of mammalian pallidal neurons.

164 reduction of in vivo firing in striatal and pallidal neurons.

165 dus including in brains with minimal loss of pallidal neurons.

166 independently to the overall firing rate of pallidal neurons.

167 s D2-expressing neurons do so indirectly via pallidal neurons.

168 lly innervated by subclasses of striatal and pallidal neurons.

169 firing (HF) rates (>60 Hz) characteristic of pallidal neurons.

170 We aimed to establish whether pallidal neurostimulation could improve symptoms in pati

171 Pallidal neurostimulation for 3 months is more effective

172 We found that lesions of the striato-pallidal nucleus in this circuit prevented hearing-depen

173 st to other species, the habenula projecting pallidal nucleus is topographically distinct from the do

174 he bed nuclei posterior division forms part (pallidal) of a corticostriatopallidal system involved in

175 isorders by inducing sustained activation of pallidal opioid receptors.

176 insufficient preservation of cortico-striato-pallidal or cortico-subthalamic circuitry, and/or an ess

177 r improvement in motor function after either pallidal or subthalamic stimulation.

178 domains, and Nkx2.1 as a marker for cells of pallidal origin.

179 Differences in modulation of pallidal oscillation between cervical and generalized dy

180 Pallidal oscillations were recorded from 153 contact pai

181 The pallidal oscillatory gamma activity correlated with move

182 erize functional connectivity in the cortico-pallidal oscillatory network in nine patients with idiop

183 'OFF' medication state, excessive inhibitory pallidal outflow is associated with a lack of adequate f

184 It is suggested that disrupted pallidal output in Parkinson's disease interferes with t

185 er, these results show that multiple ventral pallidal output pathways contribute to relapse to alcoho

186 uronal dynamics, resulting in sensitivity of pallidal output to the phase of the arriving STN input.

187 ropose, to maintain a more normal pattern of pallidal output to ventral thalamus and motor cortex in

188 t of the subcommissural ventral pallidum and pallidal parts of the olfactory tubercle.

189 d to GABAergic output neurons of the striato-pallidal pathway and may avoid such problems.

190 he total duration over which subthalamic and pallidal populations were aligned to phases that left be

191 tion of periods during which subthalamic and pallidal populations were phase-locked to beta-amplifyin

192 egr-1 mRNA levels distinguished striatal and pallidal portions of the basal ganglia and supported the

193 om a ventral-to-dorsal transformation of the pallidal primordium into a striatal-like anlage.

194 tity and, with LHX6, is necessary to specify pallidal projection neurons and forebrain interneurons.

195 interrelationship between the cerebellar and pallidal projection systems could be directly evaluated.

196 kephalin and GABA from the accumbens-ventral pallidal projection, a modulation that may involve the i

197 ata suggest that although the cerebellar and pallidal projections primarily occupy separate thalamic

198 ge is dependent on the normal functioning of pallidal projections to the motor areas of the cortex.

199 ction to a thalamic target is reminiscent of pallidal rather than of striatal circuitry, area X may c

200 lobus pallidus (75%, 12/16 cells) and in the pallidal receiving area of motor thalamus (ventralis lat

201 s that post-inhibitory bursting in the human pallidal receiving nucleus of the thalamus (ventral oral

202 ve effects, perhaps on competing activity in pallidal-recipient centers, have increased prevalence un

203 V1aR binding is denser in the ventral pallidal region of several unrelated monogamous species

204 males overexpressing the V1aR in the ventral pallidal region, but not control males, formed strong pa

205 neurons in the lateral VP and the polymorph (pallidal) region of the olfactory tubercle (OT) and tran

206 Neurovascular dysregulation in putaminal and pallidal regions is thought to be an underlying feature

207 Non-adjacent pallidal regions send fibers to the striatum which overl

208 ting convergence of terminals from different pallidal regions.

209 nucleus (ventral intermediate, Vim) and in a pallidal relay nucleus (ventral oral posterior, Vop) dur

210 mus results from decreased inhibition of the pallidal relay nucleus of the thalamus by the GPi.

211 Stimulus-specific putamen/pallidal responses in obese people with binge eating are

212 notion that reduced activity in the external pallidal segment (GPe) results in the abnormalities of n

213 e subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the internal pallidal segment (GPi) and in the development of parkins

214 ia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) and internal pallidal segment (GPi).

215 By its input from the external pallidal segment and projection to the internal pallidal

216 aying FLI were also observed in the external pallidal segment, but no labeling was seen in the subtha

217 lidal segment and projection to the internal pallidal segment, STN plays a critical role in basal gan

218 hrough 5-HT1B receptors; (2) in the external pallidal segment, the suppression may involve additional

219 well as neurons in the external and internal pallidal segments (53 and 39 cells, respectively), recor

220 that 5-HT modulates synaptic inputs of both pallidal segments and exerts a significant role in movem

221 zations with varicosities, were seen in both pallidal segments, including the ventral pallidum, and t

222 ar pattern of preferences was found for both pallidal segments.

223 he primate external (GPe) and internal (GPi) pallidal segments.

224 ugh the subthalamic nucleus and through both pallidal segments; these are presumed to be axons of pas

225 ease was significantly greater from striatal/pallidal slices from D(2)R null mutant (D(2)R(-/-)) than

226 cAMP production only in D(2)R(+/+) striatal/pallidal slices.

227 alpha band (7-13 Hz) coherence and a cortico-pallidal source of beta band (13-30 Hz) coherence over s

228 which becomes entrained, or time-locked, to pallidal spikes.

229 pathic Parkinson's disease to undergo either pallidal stimulation (152 patients) or subthalamic stimu

230 r subthalamic stimulation and improved after pallidal stimulation (P=0.02).

231 opaminergic agents than did those undergoing pallidal stimulation (P=0.02).

232 ore after subthalamic stimulation than after pallidal stimulation (P=0.03).

233 vents occurred in 51% of patients undergoing pallidal stimulation and in 56% of those undergoing subt

234 stimulation of the globus pallidus interna (pallidal stimulation) or subthalamic nucleus (subthalami

235 ias) who were treated with bilateral chronic pallidal stimulation, we investigated the sensorimotor m

236 ration with either additional denervation or pallidal stimulation.

237 e deficient in Nkx2.1 function does not form pallidal structures, lacks basal forebrain TrkA-positive

238 In both striatal and pallidal structures, putative inhibitory and excitatory

239 nscription factor Nkx2.1 is expressed in the pallidal (subcortical) telencephalon, including the medi

240 ly specific stain for the dorsal and ventral pallidal subdivision as well as specific cell groups in

241 o perform molecular profiling of two striato-pallidal subregions, comparing transcriptional patterns

242 inct algorithms for integrating cortical and pallidal synaptic inputs.

243 led to the concepts of the ventral striatal-pallidal system and the extended amygdala.

244 The concept of the ventral striatal-pallidal system provided the first indication of the exi

245 progenitor proliferation in the subcortical (pallidal) telencephalon.

246 entrated in the VLx and VApc, cerebellar and pallidal territories, respectively.

247 g key components of limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuitry involved in mood and emotion

248 processes are mediated by a cortico-striatal-pallidal-thalamic pathway by using a masked prime task w

249 e hypothesis that structures of the striatal-pallidal-thalamic pathway mediate one or more of the pro

250 requiring both direct and indirect striatal-pallidal-thalamic pathways.

251 the existence of parallel cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic-cortical circuits, which in turn led t

252 ly segregated into parallel cortico-striatal-pallidal-thalamo-cortical 'loops'.

253 ferent effects on segregated cortico-striato-pallidal-thalamocortical loops during stimulation.

254 for the role of dopamine and cortico-striato-pallidal-thalamocortical loops in cognition, the specifi

255 rks, in particular cognitive cortico-striato-pallidal-thalamocortical loops.

256 nuclear (lateral or striatal, and medial or pallidal), that together generate a triple descending pr

257 A similar switch in emphasis from pallidal to mesencephalic efferents was not observed for

258 n PD mice was triggered by increased striato-pallidal transmission, leading to disinhibition of the S

259 To test the hypothesis that the two area X pallidal types are functionally homologous to GPe and GP

260 Pallidal units were distinctly excited by song playback,

261 These data demonstrate a role for ventral pallidal V1aR in affiliation and social attachment and p

262 we extend our observations to neurons in the pallidal [ventralis lateralis pars oralis (VLo) and vent

263 er likelihood of encountering the channel on pallidal- versus nigral-projecting neurons.

264 er density and/or efficiency of coupling on, pallidal- versus nigral-projecting striatal efferents.

265 is restricts sex-differences to: (1) greater pallidal volume (PV) in males, and (2) relative caudate

266 Third, we show that people with striatal and pallidal volume reductions (those with premanifest Hunti

267 tients showed smaller baseline accumbens and pallidal volumes than controls (P<0.05).