ライフサイエンスコーパス: parallel fiber

1 signal exclusively at the sites of activated parallel fibers.

2 he postsynaptic Purkinje cell or presynaptic parallel fibers.

3 g and across, respectively, the unmyelinated parallel fibers.

4 n flow normal to the axes of equally spaced, parallel fibers.

5 e inhibited by Purkinje cells and excited by parallel fibers.

6 rol because of slow conduction in cerebellar parallel fibers.

7 e differentiation and de novo myelination of parallel fibers.

8 , and 80% of the synaptic varicosities along parallel fibers.

9 n the axons and presynaptic processes of the parallel fibers.

10 al to the likelihood of spotting the ends of parallel fibers.

11 porting adenosine release by exocytosis from parallel fibers.

12 ng fiber (CF) and from approximately 200,000 parallel fibers.

13 1 hr) in the optical response to subsequent parallel fiber activation confined to the region of inte

14 ysiologically, all types of cells respond to parallel fiber activation, but only multipolar Purkinje

15 Estimation of the number of parallel fibers active during LTD induction indicates th

16 ed Purkinje neurons showed cGMP responses to parallel fiber activity and NO donors, confirming that s

17 LTD produced by pairing parallel fiber activity with depolarization was accompan

18 tes for analyzing spatiotemporal patterns of parallel fiber activity.

19 half-maximal 50 microm away from the site of parallel fiber activity.

20 Purkinje cells and DiI-labeled granule cell parallel fiber afferents in cerebellar slices, we monito

21 of Purkinje cell dendrites and intersecting parallel fibers allowed Ca(2+) imaging of both presynapt

22 artwheel cells receive excitatory input from parallel fibers alone.

23 At synapses made by parallel fibers, AMPA receptors were slowly gating (time

24 Moreover, when we estimated parallel fiber and ascending apparent unitary EPSC ampli

25 entally observed finely tuned timing between parallel fiber and climbing fiber activation.

26 rebellar Purkinje cells was found to inhibit parallel fiber and climbing fiber EPSCs for tens of seco

27 rm plasticity in synapses such as cerebellar parallel fiber and hippocampal mossy fiber synapses.

28 y demonstrates that the inhibition evoked by parallel fiber and peripheral stimulation results in par

29 Conjunctive stimulation of parallel fibers and climbing fibers induced a long-term

30 ning, the CS and US are transmitted by mossy/parallel fibers and climbing fibers to cerebellar Purkin

31 es local extracellular stimulation of single parallel fibers and deconvolution of resulting EPSCs usi

32 ve sensory and motor signals from excitatory parallel fibers and inhibitory Purkinje cells.

33 release counting at simple synapses between parallel fibers and molecular layer interneurons of rat

34 ases release probability at synapses between parallel fibers and molecular layer interneurons.

35 mine this issue at the low p synapse between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells using the low-affinit

36 e abundant at the cerebellar synapse between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells where they contribute

37 sociative depression at the synapses between parallel fibers and Purkinje-like cells of ELL.

38 opposed by proprioceptive inputs conveyed by parallel fibers and that the effects of proprioceptive i

39 Synapses between parallel fibers and their targets show long-term potenti

40 of the molecular layer, 60% of the length of parallel fibers, and 80% of the synaptic varicosities al

41 received from climbing fibers, granule cell parallel fibers, and inhibitory interneurons.

42 rect stimulation of immediate afferents, the parallel fibers, and pharmacological blocking of interne

43 Indeed, ECM-Sdc1 showed a parallel fiber architecture that contrasted markedly wit

44 When small numbers of parallel fibers are activated, EPSCs are mediated solely

45 gions of termination for climbing fibers and parallel fibers are well separated.

46 lso disrupted extension and fasciculation of parallel fibers as well as CGN migration to the internal

47 hat boutons within brief segment of a single parallel fiber axon can have different sensitivities tow

48 loaded Ca(2+)-sensitive dyes into cerebellar parallel fiber axons and imaged action potential-evoked

49 mation of ectopic branches in granule neuron parallel fiber axons in the cerebellar cortex.

50 ndly impairs the formation of granule neuron parallel fiber axons in the rat cerebellar cortex in viv

51 dulation at glutamatergic synapses formed by parallel fiber axons onto cartwheel cells (CWCs) in the

52 their major synaptic input from granule cell parallel fiber axons takes place almost entirely in the

53 e neurons specifies the positioning of their parallel fiber axons, both early- and late-born granule

54 resynaptic calcium establishes that distinct parallel fiber bands can be activated.

55 tory nerve differ from those postsynaptic to parallel fibers both in channel-gating kinetics and in t

56 ll density, as well as a decreased number of parallel fiber boutons that are enlarged in size.

57 to respond preferentially to high-frequency parallel fiber bursts characteristic of sensory input.

58 rate are also observed after stimulation of parallel fibers but not in response to basket cell activ

59 ures of pre- and postsynaptic morphology for parallel fibers, but not for ascending segment synapses.

60 tory inputs from both the auditory nerve and parallel fibers; cartwheel cells receive excitatory inpu

61 Parallel fibers contacting the implant site were brightl

62 Although activation of the parallel fibers defined the geometry of the spread, thei

63 differently structured electrodes, including parallel fiber electrodes (PFEs), twisted fiber electrod

64 atergic inputs of cartwheel cells by pairing parallel-fiber EPSPs with depolarizing glycinergic PSPs

65 Stimulation of the parallel fibers evoked a transverse beam of optical acti

66 ent dendritic spine retraction did not alter parallel fiber-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents.

67 As a result, subthreshold parallel fiber excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs

68 use fusiform cells, spikes evoked 5 ms after parallel-fiber excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs

69 cerebellum, thereby leading to granule cell parallel fiber extension.

70 Low-frequency stimulation of parallel fibers facilitates synapses onto both stellate

71 ptor afferents, as well as the activation of parallel fiber feedback from the cerebellum.

72 e mushroom body, provides a second system of parallel fibers from the calyx to the gamma lobe.

73 from molecular layer interneurons activates parallel fiber GABA(A) receptors, and this, in turn, inc

74 erneurons (MLIs) and spillover activation of parallel fiber GABA(A)Rs in mice and rats.

75 trocyte conditioned medium in the absence of parallel fibers (granule cell axons) resulted in prolife

76 gths measured at P3-P5, suggesting that most parallel fiber growth occurs within a few days of cell b

77 We examined this question at the parallel fiber --> Purkinje cell (PF-->PC) synapse, wher

78 distinct granule cell inputs, ascending and parallel fiber, have different functional roles.

79 ach was devised to obtain the mean length of parallel fibers in Golgi sections of the rat cerebellum.

80 or SnoN in the development of granule neuron parallel fibers in the cerebellar cortex.

81 beta/cardiac in presynaptic terminals of the parallel fibers in the molecular layer and the mossy fib

82 processors in which the signals conveyed by parallel fibers in the molecular layer predict the patte

83 We observed disrupted fasciculation of parallel fibers in the P5 null cerebellum.

84 of presynaptic terminal motility by imaging parallel fibers in vivo.

85 elicits spikes and increases excitability of parallel fibers, indicating that GABA(A) receptor-mediat

86 Sustained activity of parallel fibers induces a form of long-term depression t

87 cell activity that is synchronized by shared parallel fiber input and by gap junctions.

88 d in both the complex spike waveform and the parallel fiber input gain.

89 from the periphery in their deep layers and parallel fiber input in their molecular layers.

90 ear dendritic tree, Purkinje cells integrate parallel fiber input to generate precise information abo

91 Dendritic spikes evoked by parallel fiber input triggered brief bursts of somatic A

92 AMPA receptors, whereas mEPSCs in cells with parallel fiber input were not.

93 Mormyrid Purkinje cells respond to parallel fiber input with an AMPA-mediated EPSP that sho

94 , Golgi cells, and stellate cells respond to parallel fiber input with an EPSP or EPSP-IPSP sequence

95 ry nerve synapses on cells that also receive parallel fiber input, the fusiform cells, had intermedia

96 ormation: increasing the impact of transient parallel fiber input, while depressing synaptic gain for

97 , effectively suppressing low frequencies of parallel fiber input.

98 imary, auditory nerve input with modulatory, parallel fiber input.

99 f the most distal spiny branchlets receiving parallel fiber input.

100 plasticity in a Purkinje cell's mossy fiber/parallel-fiber input pathways; 2) complex-spike response

101 The finding that ascending and parallel fiber inputs can be segregated on the Purkinje

102 nd higher-level auditory information through parallel fiber inputs in a cerebellum-like circuit.

103 Purkinje cells can encode the strength of parallel fiber inputs in their firing by using 2 fundame

104 inje cells linearly encoding the strength of parallel fiber inputs in their firing rate.

105 onjunctive stimulation of climbing fiber and parallel fiber inputs results in long-term depression (L

106 eral sensory information in combination with parallel fiber inputs that convey information about sens

107 rm synaptic plasticity can be induced at the parallel fiber inputs that synapse onto both fusiform pr

108 proach, we show that combined LTP and LTD of parallel fiber inputs to DCN principal cells and interne

109 ) often ascribed to mossy fiber-granule cell-parallel fiber inputs to Purkinje cell dendrites.

110 e often ascribed to mossy fiber-granule cell-parallel fiber inputs to Purkinje cells.

111 es and dendrites, it does not elicit CICR in parallel fiber inputs to these cells.

112 is input specific, as it occurs only in the parallel fiber inputs, but not in the auditory nerve inp

113 n dendritic regions with mixed ascending and parallel fiber inputs, or exclusively parallel fiber inp

114 while depressing synaptic gain for sustained parallel fiber inputs.

115 ng and parallel fiber inputs, or exclusively parallel fiber inputs.

116 ritic integration and synaptic plasticity of parallel fiber inputs.

117 cells via climbing fibers and depress their parallel fiber inputs.

118 feedforward inhibitory network consisting of parallel fibers, interneurons, and Purkinje neurons alte

119 nstant-tilt), and fibril architecture (e.g., parallel fibers, intertwined, lamellae).

120 sensitive to the temporal order in which the parallel fiber is coactivated with the climbing fiber in

121 At early and intermediate ages, parallel fiber lengths in staggerer mice were comparable

122 Like parallel fiber LTD, CF LTD required postsynaptic Ca2+ el

123 fter Ih blockade neither mossy fiber LTP nor parallel fiber LTP are affected.

124 campal mossy fiber LTP as well as cerebellar parallel fiber LTP, forms of potentiation that share com

125 e 1 (early SCA1, 12 weeks) we find prolonged parallel fiber mGluR1-dependent synaptic currents and ca

126 f neonatal mice resulted in the extension of parallel fibers, migration across the molecular layer, i

127 ceptor EPSCs by a low-affinity antagonist at parallel fiber-molecular layer interneuron (PF-MLI) syna

128 mbrane was assumed to consist of an array of parallel fibers of like charge, also with a constant sur

129 The EGp gives rise to the parallel fibers of the posterior caudal lobe.

130 ing synapses made by cerebellar granule cell parallel fibers onto Golgi cells (PF-->GC synapse) and P

131 Activation of a single parallel fiber opened CP-AMPARs, generating long-lived C

132 her, were either aligned on a beam of shared parallel fibers or instead were located off beam.

133 ory input from either auditory nerve fibers, parallel fibers, or both fiber systems.

134 dc1-negative fibroblasts to produce ECM with parallel fiber organization, mimicking the architecture

135 ng techniques we identified the ascending or parallel fiber origins of the excitatory synaptic inputs

136 healthy Purkinje cells is not essential for parallel fiber outgrowth.

137 -specific growth of granule neuron axons and parallel fiber patterning.

138 In the cerebellum, bursts of parallel fiber (PF) activity evoke endocannabinoid relea

139 dent process in which coincident activity of parallel fiber (PF) and climbing fiber (CF) synapses cau

140 ct forms of synaptic plasticity expressed at parallel fiber (PF) and climbing fiber (CF) synapses.

141 progressively contact immature granule cell parallel fiber (PF) axons in the deep external granule l

142 ells, we find that somatic depolarization or parallel fiber (PF) burst stimulation induce long-term a

143 ong-term depression or potentiation at their parallel fiber (PF) input.

144 ic calcium that transiently suppresses their parallel fiber (PF) inputs by >70%.

145 cell (PC)-specific transporter, EAAT4, near parallel fiber (PF) release sites controls the extrasyna

146 ) and basket cells, regulate the strength of parallel fiber (PF) synapses by releasing endocannabinoi

147 on assume that long-term depression (LTD) of parallel fiber (PF) synapses enables Purkinje cells to l

148 show paired-pulse depression (PPD), whereas parallel fiber (PF) synapses facilitate and have a low p

149 At parallel fiber (PF) synapses in cerebellum, neuronal glu

150 The long-term depression (LTD) of parallel fiber (PF) synapses onto Purkinje cells plays a

151 imbing fiber (CF) input provides a signal to parallel fiber (PF) synapses, triggering PF synaptic pla

152 B(1) receptor localizes to the glutamatergic parallel fiber (PF) terminals of the cerebellar granule

153 tly contributes to the termination of DSE at parallel fiber (PF) to PC synapses and DSI at putative S

154 transients play a key role in plasticity at parallel fiber (PF) to Purkinje cell synapses in the mam

155 e induction of long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fiber (PF) to Purkinje cell synapses.

156 l climbing fiber (CF)-Purkinje cell (PC) and parallel fiber (PF)-PC circuit abnormalities using flavo

157 However, the responses of parallel fiber (PF)-PC synapses to this wide range of in

158 prevented long-term depression (LTD) of the parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapse induced b

159 inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission at parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses by decre

160 Long-term potentiation (LTP) at parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses depends

161 presynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) at parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell synapses in a CB1R-dep

162 Long-term depression (LTD) at cerebellar parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell synapses must be balan

163 ioning is that long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell synapses underlies the

164 The parallel fiber (PF)/Purkinje cell synapse contained GluR

165 two distinct inputs, auditory nerve (AN) and parallel fibers (PF), on different cell types were analy

166 GrC-GoC synapses occur predominantly between parallel fibers (pfs) and apical GoC dendrites in the mo

167 the synapse between cerebellar granule cell parallel fibers (PFs) and Purkinje cells (PCs), brief bu

168 uts, climbing fibers from inferior olive and parallel fibers (PFs) from granule cells (GCs) that rece

169 med two-photon in vivo imaging of cerebellar parallel fibers (PFs) in adult mice.

170 The role of parallel fibers (PFs) in cerebellar physiology remains c

171 dination was constant along the direction of parallel fibers (PFs), but fell off with distance along

172 spillover following coactivation of adjacent parallel fibers (PFs), indicating that NMDARs are perisy

173 loss of protein synthesis-dependent phase of parallel fiber-PN long-term depression.

174 (ii) tPA/plasmin proteolysis impairs parallel fiber-PN synaptogenesis by blocking brain-deriv

175 granule neurons, which greatly increases the parallel fiber presynaptic boutons and functional parall

176 ule neurons robustly increases the number of parallel fiber presynaptic boutons and functional parall

177 ed by summing EPSPs from different groups of parallel fibers produced LTP in fusiform cells, and LTD

178 underlies long-term depression of cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell (PF-PC) synapses and motor

179 ostsynaptically expressed form of cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell long-term potentiation (LTP

180 tion to providing the first visualization of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell LTD in the cerebellar corte

181 mediated in-part by long-term depression of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse and induction of lo

182 ss that is exclusively provided by mGluR4 at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse in rodent cerebellu

183 attenuation of synaptic transmission at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse mediated by the rem

184 unit delta2 has a unique distribution at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse of the cerebellum,

185 europlasticity in the adult, possibly at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse.

186 ng-term potentiation (LTP) at the cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse.

187 response: (1) long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses and (2) long-term

188 how mGluR4 can modulate glutamate release at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum

189 ive long-term depression (LTD) at cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses is sensitive to th

190 tenance of pre- and postsynaptic elements at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses, the establishment

191 We addressed this problem at cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses, which can undergo

192 ant role in the formation and maintenance of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses.

193 spines and contributes to the modulation of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses.

194 on, and induction of long-term depression at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses.

195 uts results in long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses.

196 Synaptic transmission is reduced at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses.

197 s are required for long-term potentiation at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses.

198 cessary for the formation and maintenance of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses.

199 ull mice exhibited long-term potentiation at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses.

200 pikes enables stable prolonged recordings of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synaptic efficacy.

201 of mGluR1-dependent synaptic transmission at parallel fiber-Purkinje cells synapses.

202 ulus) leads to long-term depression (LTD) of parallel fiber-Purkinje neuron synapses, underlying prod

203 particularly in the presynaptic terminals of parallel fibers-Purkinje neurons.

204 impairs the establishment of granule neuron parallel fiber/Purkinje cell synapses in the rodent cere

205 lel fiber presynaptic boutons and functional parallel fiber/Purkinje cell synapses.

206 lel fiber presynaptic boutons and functional parallel fiber/Purkinje cell synapses.

207 uting into the dentate molecular layer and a parallel fiber retraction from the dentate hilus.

208 s between synapses made by the ascending and parallel fiber segments of the granule axon on cerebella

209 region of the cerebellum the mean length of parallel fibers should be inversely proportional to the

210 f producing a Ca(2+) signal at the activated parallel fiber sites, suggesting a role of Purkinje neur

211 of desmosoid plaques, concentric profiles of parallel fibers, smaller presynaptic terminal and fewer

212 At cerebellar parallel fiber-stellate cell synapses, activity triggers

213 sponses was observed not only at the site of parallel fiber stimulation but also at more distant site

214 ing to GluR2-containing receptors induced by parallel fiber stimulation reduces the amplitude in addi

215 In contrast, the parallel fiber stimulation-triggered switch in GluR2 exp

216 ptors enhances the EPSP-AP coupling, but the parallel fiber stimulation-triggered switch reduces both

217 tatory postsynaptic potential observed after parallel fiber stimulation.

218 a significantly reduced AHP after trains of parallel fiber stimuli and after climbing fiber evoked c

219 extracellular calcium flux into the cell and parallel fiber stimulus evoking inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp

220 ) and in mice lacking CB1R in the cerebellar parallel fibers, suggesting that CB1R downregulation in

221 r synapse, facilitation was prominent at the parallel fiber synapse, and both depression and facilita

222 lization of mGluR1alpha to the Purkinje cell-parallel fiber synapse.

223 l regulation of intracellular calcium in the parallel fiber synapse.

224 ctivity-dependent changes in the strength of parallel fiber synapses act as an adaptive filter, remov

225 ly regulated such that delta2 occurs at both parallel fiber synapses and climbing fiber synapses earl

226 dendrite receiving exclusively ascending or parallel fiber synapses and that ascending segment synap

227 ions of the Purkinje cell dendrites, whereas parallel fiber synapses are found exclusively on interme

228 Therefore, both active and inactive parallel fiber synapses can undergo changes at a postsyn

229 nd may differentially modulate plasticity at parallel fiber synapses depending on the location of syn

230 ed for presynaptic long-term potentiation in parallel fiber synapses formed in vitro by cultured cere

231 as higher in climbing fiber synapses than in parallel fiber synapses from P10 to adult.

232 to be abundant on postsynaptic membranes at parallel fiber synapses from postnatal day 10 (P10) to a

233 ructures in fish, anti-Hebbian plasticity at parallel fiber synapses generates "negative images" that

234 omote short-term and long-term plasticity at parallel fiber synapses in a manner dependent on the num

235 es early in development but is restricted to parallel fiber synapses in adult animals.

236 cally facilitate and depress transmission at parallel fiber synapses in the cerebellar cortex.

237 High-frequency stimulation of DCN parallel fiber synapses induced LTD of synaptic zinc sig

238 excitatory input to Purkinje cells, whereas parallel fiber synapses may be more modulatory in nature

239 SSs reflect the summed action of a subset of parallel fiber synapses on Purkinje cell dendritic spine

240 glutamatergic dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) parallel fiber synapses onto cartwheel cells.

241 At parallel fiber synapses onto cerebellar stellate cells,

242 he cerebellum: long-term depression (LTD) of parallel fiber synapses onto Purkinje cells.

243 At parallel fiber synapses, mGluR1-mediated excitatory post

244 sound caused G1 mGluR-dependent Z-LTD at DCN parallel fiber synapses, thus validating our in vitro re

245 term and long-term associative plasticity of parallel fiber synapses.

246 spike profiles affect synaptic plasticity at parallel fiber synapses.

247 vide an instructive signal for plasticity at parallel fiber synapses.

248 ve signals through associative plasticity at parallel fiber synapses.

249 cells, whereas B spikes drive plasticity at parallel fiber synapses.

250 ein kinase A (PKA) induces LTP in cerebellar parallel fiber synapses.

251 egative images are mediated by plasticity at parallel fiber synapses.

252 CF EPSCs that did not spread to neighboring parallel fiber synapses.

253 feedback inhibition through mossy fiber and parallel fiber synapses.

254 sicles in ascending segment synapses than in parallel fiber synapses.

255 -93 and delta2 shows they are colocalized at parallel fiber synapses; however, PSD-93 also is present

256 deletion of Lphn2 or Lphn3 alone suppresses parallel-fiber synapses and reduces parallel-fiber synap

257 synapses and weakened climbing-fiber but not parallel-fiber synapses, consistent with alternative use

258 t redundantly required in Purkinje cells for parallel-fiber synapses.

259 P) at hippocampal mossy-fiber and cerebellar parallel-fiber synapses.

260 nds for the excitatory climbing-fiber versus parallel-fiber synapses.

261 onditioned stimulus), together with a graded parallel fiber synaptic array (coding the conditioned st

262 innervation by climbing fibers and enhanced parallel fiber synaptic currents suggested an immature d

263 Parallel fiber synaptic currents triggered by strontium

264 sensory transmission in granule cells and of parallel fiber synaptic input to downstream molecular la

265 o the Purkinje cell tree are associated with parallel fiber synaptic inputs, we also found inhibitory

266 .SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In Purkinje neurons, parallel fiber synaptic plasticity, determined by coinci

267 ppresses parallel-fiber synapses and reduces parallel-fiber synaptic transmission by ~50% without alt

268 rkinje cells than would be expected from the parallel fiber system.

269 re both localized on cerebellar granule cell parallel fiber terminals and basket cell neurons where t

270 lionic layer below the molecular layer where parallel fibers terminate.

271 Cutting the parallel fibers that cross the midline may be the critic

272 Second, activation of parallel fibers that do not directly synapse onto a give

273 ing axons of which bifurcate, giving rise to parallel fibers, the modulation of SSs has been attribut

274 nd cartwheel cells in the molecular layer by parallel fibers through synapses that are subject to lon

275 r induction of long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fiber to PC synapses.

276 ed neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is located at parallel fiber to Purkinje cell (PF/PC) synapses of the

277 climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse, the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse, and the Schaffe

278 f postsynaptic currents were used to examine parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses in cerebellar b

279 We focus on presynaptic LTP at parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebell

280 apse formation and function, we examined the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses of mice with a

281 its that learning involves plasticity at the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses under control o

282 ate receptor (mGluR1)-dependent signaling at parallel fiber to Purkinje neuron synapses is critical f

283 e endocannabinoids and retrogradely suppress parallel fiber to SC synapses in P17-P19 rats.

284 otropic glutamate receptors by bursts at the parallel fiber to stellate cell synapse.

285 nimal model that consists of learning at the parallel fibers to Purkinje cells with the help of the c

286 a detailed model involving plasticity at the parallel fibers to Purkinje cells' synapse guided by cli

287 ained by an impairment of LTD and LTP at the parallel fiber-to-PC synapse and alteration in spontaneo

288 je cells and long-term potentiation at their parallel fiber-to-Purkinje cell synapses (L7-PP2B), to a

289 annabinoid release, which strongly inhibited parallel fiber-to-Purkinje cell synapses in rat cerebell

290 of long-term and single-trial plasticity at parallel fiber-to-Purkinje cell synapses vary across cer

291 In the cerebellar cortex, parallel fiber-to-stellate cell (PF-SC) synapses exhibit

292 h gold-particle density as the glutamatergic parallel fiber varicosities.

293 In postnatal day 17 Nfia-deficient mice, parallel fibers were greatly diminished and disoriented,

294 ges in the threshold for evoking SSs via the parallel fibers were seen to accompany the increases in

295 l activity can be modulated by activation of parallel fibers, which represent the axons of granule ce

296 GTA in the extracellular bath, or by loading parallel fibers with EGTA, enabling the actions of stron

297 nd that stimulation of glutamatergic inputs (parallel fibers) with a physiological-like pattern of ac

298 eterogeneity as discrete regions of in-plane parallel fibers, with an angular separation of ~80 degre

299 nule cell axons enter the molecular layer as parallel fibers without bifurcating.

300 developed increased climbing fiber (MCS) or parallel fiber (ZCS) input during visual stimulation; SC