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1 he postsynaptic Purkinje cell or presynaptic parallel fibers.
2 g and across, respectively, the unmyelinated parallel fibers.
3 n flow normal to the axes of equally spaced, parallel fibers.
4 rol because of slow conduction in cerebellar parallel fibers.
5 e differentiation and de novo myelination of parallel fibers.
6 , and 80% of the synaptic varicosities along parallel fibers.
7 n the axons and presynaptic processes of the parallel fibers.
8 al to the likelihood of spotting the ends of parallel fibers.
9 implant site suggest length bounds for most parallel fibers.
10 porting adenosine release by exocytosis from parallel fibers.
11 ng fiber (CF) and from approximately 200,000 parallel fibers.
12 Brief tetanic stimulation of granule cell parallel fibers activated inhibitory neurons, leading to
13 1 hr) in the optical response to subsequent parallel fiber activation confined to the region of inte
14 ysiologically, all types of cells respond to parallel fiber activation, but only multipolar Purkinje
16 ed Purkinje neurons showed cGMP responses to parallel fiber activity and NO donors, confirming that s
20 Purkinje cells and DiI-labeled granule cell parallel fiber afferents in cerebellar slices, we monito
21 of Purkinje cell dendrites and intersecting parallel fibers allowed Ca(2+) imaging of both presynapt
27 rebellar Purkinje cells was found to inhibit parallel fiber and climbing fiber EPSCs for tens of seco
28 rm plasticity in synapses such as cerebellar parallel fiber and hippocampal mossy fiber synapses.
29 y demonstrates that the inhibition evoked by parallel fiber and peripheral stimulation results in par
31 ning, the CS and US are transmitted by mossy/parallel fibers and climbing fibers to cerebellar Purkin
32 es local extracellular stimulation of single parallel fibers and deconvolution of resulting EPSCs usi
33 release counting at simple synapses between parallel fibers and molecular layer interneurons of rat
35 mine this issue at the low p synapse between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells using the low-affinit
36 e abundant at the cerebellar synapse between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells where they contribute
38 opposed by proprioceptive inputs conveyed by parallel fibers and that the effects of proprioceptive i
40 of the molecular layer, 60% of the length of parallel fibers, and 80% of the synaptic varicosities al
42 rect stimulation of immediate afferents, the parallel fibers, and pharmacological blocking of interne
46 lso disrupted extension and fasciculation of parallel fibers as well as CGN migration to the internal
47 hat boutons within brief segment of a single parallel fiber axon can have different sensitivities tow
48 loaded Ca(2+)-sensitive dyes into cerebellar parallel fiber axons and imaged action potential-evoked
50 ndly impairs the formation of granule neuron parallel fiber axons in the rat cerebellar cortex in viv
51 dulation at glutamatergic synapses formed by parallel fiber axons onto cartwheel cells (CWCs) in the
52 their major synaptic input from granule cell parallel fiber axons takes place almost entirely in the
55 tory nerve differ from those postsynaptic to parallel fibers both in channel-gating kinetics and in t
57 to respond preferentially to high-frequency parallel fiber bursts characteristic of sensory input.
58 rate are also observed after stimulation of parallel fibers but not in response to basket cell activ
59 ures of pre- and postsynaptic morphology for parallel fibers, but not for ascending segment synapses.
60 tory inputs from both the auditory nerve and parallel fibers; cartwheel cells receive excitatory inpu
63 atergic inputs of cartwheel cells by pairing parallel-fiber EPSPs with depolarizing glycinergic PSPs
65 ent dendritic spine retraction did not alter parallel fiber-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents.
68 use fusiform cells, spikes evoked 5 ms after parallel-fiber excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs
72 n fiber length and the number of the ends of parallel fibers for a given total length of parallel fib
74 from molecular layer interneurons activates parallel fiber GABA(A) receptors, and this, in turn, inc
76 trocyte conditioned medium in the absence of parallel fibers (granule cell axons) resulted in prolife
78 gths measured at P3-P5, suggesting that most parallel fiber growth occurs within a few days of cell b
82 ach was devised to obtain the mean length of parallel fibers in Golgi sections of the rat cerebellum.
85 beta/cardiac in presynaptic terminals of the parallel fibers in the molecular layer and the mossy fib
86 processors in which the signals conveyed by parallel fibers in the molecular layer predict the patte
89 elicits spikes and increases excitability of parallel fibers, indicating that GABA(A) receptor-mediat
94 ear dendritic tree, Purkinje cells integrate parallel fiber input to generate precise information abo
98 , Golgi cells, and stellate cells respond to parallel fiber input with an EPSP or EPSP-IPSP sequence
99 ry nerve synapses on cells that also receive parallel fiber input, the fusiform cells, had intermedia
100 ormation: increasing the impact of transient parallel fiber input, while depressing synaptic gain for
104 plasticity in a Purkinje cell's mossy fiber/parallel-fiber input pathways; 2) complex-spike response
106 nd higher-level auditory information through parallel fiber inputs in a cerebellum-like circuit.
107 Purkinje cells can encode the strength of parallel fiber inputs in their firing by using 2 fundame
109 onjunctive stimulation of climbing fiber and parallel fiber inputs results in long-term depression (L
110 eral sensory information in combination with parallel fiber inputs that convey information about sens
111 rm synaptic plasticity can be induced at the parallel fiber inputs that synapse onto both fusiform pr
112 proach, we show that combined LTP and LTD of parallel fiber inputs to DCN principal cells and interne
116 is input specific, as it occurs only in the parallel fiber inputs, but not in the auditory nerve inp
117 n dendritic regions with mixed ascending and parallel fiber inputs, or exclusively parallel fiber inp
121 feedforward inhibitory network consisting of parallel fibers, interneurons, and Purkinje neurons alte
123 sensitive to the temporal order in which the parallel fiber is coactivated with the climbing fiber in
129 campal mossy fiber LTP as well as cerebellar parallel fiber LTP, forms of potentiation that share com
130 e 1 (early SCA1, 12 weeks) we find prolonged parallel fiber mGluR1-dependent synaptic currents and ca
131 f neonatal mice resulted in the extension of parallel fibers, migration across the molecular layer, i
132 ceptor EPSCs by a low-affinity antagonist at parallel fiber-molecular layer interneuron (PF-MLI) syna
133 mbrane was assumed to consist of an array of parallel fibers of like charge, also with a constant sur
135 ing synapses made by cerebellar granule cell parallel fibers onto Golgi cells (PF-->GC synapse) and P
136 t errors are thought to modify synapses from parallel fibers onto Purkinje cells (pf*Pkj) so as to im
137 a second site of plasticity at synapses from parallel fibers onto stellate/basket interneurons (pf*St
141 dc1-negative fibroblasts to produce ECM with parallel fiber organization, mimicking the architecture
142 ng techniques we identified the ascending or parallel fiber origins of the excitatory synaptic inputs
146 dent process in which coincident activity of parallel fiber (PF) and climbing fiber (CF) synapses cau
147 ct forms of synaptic plasticity expressed at parallel fiber (PF) and climbing fiber (CF) synapses.
148 progressively contact immature granule cell parallel fiber (PF) axons in the deep external granule l
149 ells, we find that somatic depolarization or parallel fiber (PF) burst stimulation induce long-term a
151 cell (PC)-specific transporter, EAAT4, near parallel fiber (PF) release sites controls the extrasyna
152 ) and basket cells, regulate the strength of parallel fiber (PF) synapses by releasing endocannabinoi
153 on assume that long-term depression (LTD) of parallel fiber (PF) synapses enables Purkinje cells to l
154 show paired-pulse depression (PPD), whereas parallel fiber (PF) synapses facilitate and have a low p
157 tly contributes to the termination of DSE at parallel fiber (PF) to PC synapses and DSI at putative S
158 transients play a key role in plasticity at parallel fiber (PF) to Purkinje cell synapses in the mam
160 l climbing fiber (CF)-Purkinje cell (PC) and parallel fiber (PF)-PC circuit abnormalities using flavo
162 prevented long-term depression (LTD) of the parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapse induced b
163 inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission at parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses by decre
164 presynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) at parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell synapses in a CB1R-dep
165 Long-term depression (LTD) at cerebellar parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell synapses must be balan
166 ioning is that long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell synapses underlies the
168 two distinct inputs, auditory nerve (AN) and parallel fibers (PF), on different cell types were analy
169 GrC-GoC synapses occur predominantly between parallel fibers (pfs) and apical GoC dendrites in the mo
170 the synapse between cerebellar granule cell parallel fibers (PFs) and Purkinje cells (PCs), brief bu
171 uts, climbing fibers from inferior olive and parallel fibers (PFs) from granule cells (GCs) that rece
174 dination was constant along the direction of parallel fibers (PFs), but fell off with distance along
175 spillover following coactivation of adjacent parallel fibers (PFs), indicating that NMDARs are perisy
179 ule neurons robustly increases the number of parallel fiber presynaptic boutons and functional parall
180 ed by summing EPSPs from different groups of parallel fibers produced LTP in fusiform cells, and LTD
181 underlies long-term depression of cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell (PF-PC) synapses and motor
182 ostsynaptically expressed form of cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell long-term potentiation (LTP
183 tion to providing the first visualization of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell LTD in the cerebellar corte
184 mediated in-part by long-term depression of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse and induction of lo
185 ss that is exclusively provided by mGluR4 at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse in rodent cerebellu
186 attenuation of synaptic transmission at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse mediated by the rem
187 unit delta2 has a unique distribution at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse of the cerebellum,
190 response: (1) long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses and (2) long-term
191 how mGluR4 can modulate glutamate release at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum
192 ive long-term depression (LTD) at cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses is sensitive to th
193 esulting from decreased synaptic efficacy at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses mediated by a chan
194 tenance of pre- and postsynaptic elements at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses, the establishment
195 We addressed this problem at cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses, which can undergo
206 ulus) leads to long-term depression (LTD) of parallel fiber-Purkinje neuron synapses, underlying prod
208 ubunits in the postsynaptic profiles of many parallel fiber/Purkinje cell spine synapses, whereas ele
209 impairs the establishment of granule neuron parallel fiber/Purkinje cell synapses in the rodent cere
212 s between synapses made by the ascending and parallel fiber segments of the granule axon on cerebella
213 region of the cerebellum the mean length of parallel fibers should be inversely proportional to the
214 of desmosoid plaques, concentric profiles of parallel fibers, smaller presynaptic terminal and fewer
216 sponses was observed not only at the site of parallel fiber stimulation but also at more distant site
217 ing to GluR2-containing receptors induced by parallel fiber stimulation reduces the amplitude in addi
219 ptors enhances the EPSP-AP coupling, but the parallel fiber stimulation-triggered switch reduces both
221 extracellular calcium flux into the cell and parallel fiber stimulus evoking inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp
222 ) and in mice lacking CB1R in the cerebellar parallel fibers, suggesting that CB1R downregulation in
223 r synapse, facilitation was prominent at the parallel fiber synapse, and both depression and facilita
226 receives two distinct glutamatergic inputs: parallel fibers synapse on apical dendrites, and auditor
227 ctivity-dependent changes in the strength of parallel fiber synapses act as an adaptive filter, remov
228 ly regulated such that delta2 occurs at both parallel fiber synapses and climbing fiber synapses earl
229 dendrite receiving exclusively ascending or parallel fiber synapses and that ascending segment synap
230 ions of the Purkinje cell dendrites, whereas parallel fiber synapses are found exclusively on interme
232 nd may differentially modulate plasticity at parallel fiber synapses depending on the location of syn
233 ed for presynaptic long-term potentiation in parallel fiber synapses formed in vitro by cultured cere
235 to be abundant on postsynaptic membranes at parallel fiber synapses from postnatal day 10 (P10) to a
236 ructures in fish, anti-Hebbian plasticity at parallel fiber synapses generates "negative images" that
237 omote short-term and long-term plasticity at parallel fiber synapses in a manner dependent on the num
240 excitatory input to Purkinje cells, whereas parallel fiber synapses may be more modulatory in nature
241 SSs reflect the summed action of a subset of parallel fiber synapses on Purkinje cell dendritic spine
256 -93 and delta2 shows they are colocalized at parallel fiber synapses; however, PSD-93 also is present
257 synapses and weakened climbing-fiber but not parallel-fiber synapses, consistent with alternative use
260 onditioned stimulus), together with a graded parallel fiber synaptic array (coding the conditioned st
261 innervation by climbing fibers and enhanced parallel fiber synaptic currents suggested an immature d
263 sensory transmission in granule cells and of parallel fiber synaptic input to downstream molecular la
264 o the Purkinje cell tree are associated with parallel fiber synaptic inputs, we also found inhibitory
266 re both localized on cerebellar granule cell parallel fiber terminals and basket cell neurons where t
270 ing axons of which bifurcate, giving rise to parallel fibers, the modulation of SSs has been attribut
271 nd cartwheel cells in the molecular layer by parallel fibers through synapses that are subject to lon
273 ed neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is located at parallel fiber to Purkinje cell (PF/PC) synapses of the
275 climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse, the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse, and the Schaffe
276 f postsynaptic currents were used to examine parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses in cerebellar b
278 apse formation and function, we examined the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses of mice with a
279 its that learning involves plasticity at the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses under control o
280 ate receptor (mGluR1)-dependent signaling at parallel fiber to Purkinje neuron synapses is critical f
283 d, and excitatory synaptic transmission from parallel fibers to cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and f
284 nimal model that consists of learning at the parallel fibers to Purkinje cells with the help of the c
285 a detailed model involving plasticity at the parallel fibers to Purkinje cells' synapse guided by cli
286 ained by an impairment of LTD and LTP at the parallel fiber-to-PC synapse and alteration in spontaneo
287 je cells and long-term potentiation at their parallel fiber-to-Purkinje cell synapses (L7-PP2B), to a
288 annabinoid release, which strongly inhibited parallel fiber-to-Purkinje cell synapses in rat cerebell
289 of long-term and single-trial plasticity at parallel fiber-to-Purkinje cell synapses vary across cer
292 In postnatal day 17 Nfia-deficient mice, parallel fibers were greatly diminished and disoriented,
293 ges in the threshold for evoking SSs via the parallel fibers were seen to accompany the increases in
294 exported from the granule cell somata to the parallel fibers, where it has been detected by electron
295 l activity can be modulated by activation of parallel fibers, which represent the axons of granule ce
296 GTA in the extracellular bath, or by loading parallel fibers with EGTA, enabling the actions of stron
297 nd that stimulation of glutamatergic inputs (parallel fibers) with a physiological-like pattern of ac
298 eterogeneity as discrete regions of in-plane parallel fibers, with an angular separation of ~80 degre
300 developed increased climbing fiber (MCS) or parallel fiber (ZCS) input during visual stimulation; SC
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