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1 a naive P1-rr allele in subsequent crosses (paramutation).
2 neutrality (the inability to participate in paramutation).
3 ly transmitted to naive flies and can induce paramutation.
4 periments on three maize loci, which undergo paramutation.
5 , suggests that a common mechanism underlies paramutation.
6 effect on alleles that do not participate in paramutation.
7 ritable alteration of gene control is called paramutation.
8 A and PL protein, does not participate in pl paramutation.
9 e efficiency of germline transmission of the paramutation.
10 tosine methylation (C-methylation) following paramutation.
11 hylation changes that are observed following paramutation.
12 es in the complex that are most sensitive to paramutation.
13 e: its level of expression is changed during paramutation.
14 but is independent of sequences required for paramutation.
15 ncing an active epiallele, characteristic of paramutation.
16 ssion of specific chromatin states underlies paramutation.
17 RNA polymerases, is absolutely required for paramutation.
18 distinct chromatin states associated with b1 paramutation.
19 ication between the alleles that establishes paramutation.
20 NA production in alleles that cannot undergo paramutation.
21 om p1 is sufficient to induce all aspects of paramutation.
22 stablishing the silencing associated with p1 paramutation.
23 e heritable chromatin states associated with paramutation.
24 tion, recombination, genomic imprinting, and paramutation.
25 mediate the stable silencing associated with paramutation.
26 zed sequences required for B' expression and paramutation.
27 ter-proximal sequences is not sufficient for paramutation.
28 pigenetic modification of the S genes during paramutation.
30 We show that mutation of a gene, modifier of paramutation 1 (mop1), which prevents paramutation at th
32 at is required for B-I enhancer activity and paramutation-a stable, heritable change in transcription
35 enes, mop1, rmr1, and rmr2, are defective in paramutation, an allele-specific interaction that leads
36 of the presumed maize Pol IV is involved in paramutation, an inherited epigenetic change facilitated
38 ch to understand the molecular mechanisms of paramutation and examines evidence relevant to small RNA
39 transposons via small RNA molecules both for paramutation and for defining transgenerational inherita
41 hese findings support a model reminiscent of paramutation and involving a trans-acting factor that is
42 e mop1 gene is required for establishment of paramutation and maintenance of transcriptional silencin
43 regulated sequences in the maize genome and paramutation and Mu element methylation require a common
45 ne-silencing mechanisms play key roles in p1 paramutation and the spectrum of roles for MOP1 is broad
46 of two different transgenes, suggesting that paramutation and transcriptional silencing of transgenes
48 mains unclear if small RNAs actually mediate paramutations and whether the maize-specific molecules i
49 c phenomena observed in plants (for example, paramutation) and in yeast (for example, trans-inactivat
50 iator of paramutation1) gene is required for paramutation, and mop1 mutations reactivate silenced Mut
54 veal that the tandem repeats required for b1 paramutation are transcribed from both strands, but siRN
57 igenetic changes in gene regulation known as paramutations are facilitated by poorly understood trans
59 ting mutants have been isolated that prevent paramutation at all three loci and lead to the activatio
68 ier of paramutation 1 (mop1), which prevents paramutation at three different loci in maize, can rever
71 have defined specific sequences that mediate paramutation behaviors, and recent results identify a di
72 other p1 allele that does not participate in paramutation, but does contain a tandem repeated structu
74 o previously identified proteins involved in paramutation, CBBP does not share similarity to the know
75 , while the R haplotypes that participate in paramutation contain multiple gene copies and often incl
76 d expression states at each locus or whether paramutation correlates with DNA methylation and repeate
77 related allele that does not participate in paramutation demonstrated that transcription from the sa
81 genous gene for which sequences required for paramutation have been defined and examined for methylat
82 osome inactivation, parental imprinting, and paramutation have direct or indirect participation of an
83 B' (the only b1 alleles that participate in paramutation) have seven tandem repeats of an 853-bp seq
85 iable latent susceptibilities to spontaneous paramutation in future generations, suggesting a quantit
86 tal imprinting in mammals, gene silencing by paramutation in maize and silencing of the mating-type l
87 sly reported that a mutation that suppresses paramutation in maize, mop1, also hypomethylates Mu1 ele
91 Models consistent with the hypothesis that paramutation involves heritable changes in chromatin str
98 t levels mirror pl RNA abundance and that pl paramutation is associated with reduced transcription of
101 tory elements in plants and demonstrate that paramutation is mediated by long-distance cis and trans
102 ses indicate that the B' region required for paramutation is mostly unique or low copy in the maize g
103 sting that epigenetic inheritance resembling paramutation is much more common than previously suppose
113 and characterization of a mutation affecting paramutation, mediator of paramutation1-1 (mop1-1), are
119 lly heritable gene silencing associated with paramutation of the maize purple plant 1 (pl1) locus.
121 olated from paramutant mice could induce the paramutation phenotype, which, however, failed to be tra
122 parallels with RNA silencing in imprinting, paramutation, polycomb silencing, and X inactivation.
125 RPD1 or NRPD1), is required for facilitating paramutations, restricting expression patterns of genes
131 ila an operationally analogous phenomenon to paramutation that is mediated by piwi-interacting RNAs.
132 if cis-acting sequences are required for pl paramutation they are distinct from the protein coding a
137 er production of b1TR-siRNAs correlated with paramutation, we examined siRNA production in alleles th
138 lencing in plants and yeast are required for paramutation, yet the specific molecules mediating herit
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