ライフサイエンスコーパス: parasympathetic

1 f diverse functions, such as sympathetic and parasympathetic.

2 hrough activation of beta receptors, whereas parasympathetic ACh slows the heart through muscarinic r

3 nt-gut microbiota interaction and subsequent parasympathetic activation as possible therapeutic targe

4 ly unrecognized, but essential, regulator of parasympathetic activation in heart, functioning to prev

5 athetic activation is proarrhythmic, whereas parasympathetic activation is antiarrhythmic.

6 mucous glands is regulated predominantly by parasympathetic activation of muscarinic receptors.

7 is influenced differently by sympathetic and parasympathetic activation.

8 displaying an awe content also led to higher parasympathetic activation.

9 l fibrillation, simultaneous sympathetic and parasympathetic activations are the most common trigger.

10 techolamine concentrations) and elevated the parasympathetic activity (increased ln HF power) to hypo

11 Reduced parasympathetic activity after goal-directed therapy was

12 mic function, demonstrated by an increase in parasympathetic activity and baroreflex sensitivity.

13 re, we investigated the relationship between parasympathetic activity and right ventricular (RV) func

14 l-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN), markers of parasympathetic activity and total variability, respecti

15 Our results identify a reduction in cardiac parasympathetic activity as the primary mechanism underl

16 Enhancing parasympathetic activity by PYR improved survival, RV fu

17 of increased sympathetic tone and decreased parasympathetic activity characteristic of anxiety disor

18 Parasympathetic activity decreases heart rate (HR) by in

19 ur data show that GLUT2-dependent control of parasympathetic activity defines a nervous system/endocr

20 function is associated with reduced systemic parasympathetic activity in patients with PAH, with an i

21 rate variability, indicating an increase in parasympathetic activity in the naturalistic condition i

22 Goal-directed therapy reduced parasympathetic activity postoperatively (relative risk

23 stigmine (PYR), an oral drug stimulating the parasympathetic activity through acetylcholinesterase in

24 ing in diminished levels of cardioprotective parasympathetic activity to the heart as seen in OSA pat

25 Parasympathetic activity to the heart originates from ca

26 sion to cardiac vagal neurons would increase parasympathetic activity to the heart, decreasing heart

27 icit sympathetic overactivity and diminished parasympathetic activity to the heart, leading to hypert

28 ons inhibit the brainstem CVNs that generate parasympathetic activity to the heart.

29 a proxy measure of autonomic balance toward parasympathetic activity) predicted the extent to which

30 Parasympathetic activity, however, was significantly hig

31 n particular, time domain analyses evaluated parasympathetic activity, using root-mean-square of succ

32 vous system prompt imbalances in sympathetic-parasympathetic activity, while alterations in the senso

33 ry exercise test was used as a surrogate for parasympathetic activity.

34 ngulate cortices (rACC/pgACC), which control parasympathetic activity.

35 eart rate, which may reflect both diminished parasympathetic and increased sympathetic tone.

36 family (GDNF and neurturin) primarily target parasympathetic and nonpeptidergic sensory neurons, the

37 in may be exerted under periods of prevalent parasympathetic and sympathetic activity, respectively.

38 tration of atropine and propranolol to block parasympathetic and sympathetic branches, respectively,

39 the brainstem and spinal cord that regulate parasympathetic and sympathetic functions and contain do

40 ia-induced glucagon secretion, and a lack of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve activation by neur

41 grafts became densely innervated by the rich parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous supply of the ir

42 ous system, the cellular effects of MC4Rs on parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons remain undefined

43 ls of the thyroid (medullary carcinoma), the parasympathetic and sympathetic system (paragangliomas,

44 presents a unique molecular link between the parasympathetic and sympathetic system to control inflam

45 Paraganglioma develops from cells of the parasympathetic and sympathetic system.

46 ial placode is critical for the formation of parasympathetic and visceral sensory ganglia, respective

47 variability parameters showed a significant parasympathetic (and sympathetic) denervation in the fir

48 stem, and alter transmission in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric autonomic nerves.

49 is, development of the sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems and the kid

50 rt by ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory-motor nerves, as well as in

51 hemical labeling for markers of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and spinal afferent neurons to quantify

52 se, which selectively label spinal afferent, parasympathetic, and sympathetic axons, respectively, we

53 sacral preganglionic neurons are considered parasympathetic, as are their targets in the pelvic gang

54 tic resonance imaging and the measurement of parasympathetic autonomic function (heart rate variabili

55 de (P < 0.05 vs. control) but augmented with parasympathetic blockade (+8 +/- 2 beats min(-1), P < 0.

56 < 0.05 vs. control), but was unchanged with parasympathetic blockade (+9 +/- 2 beats min(-1), P > 0.

57 tude of this increase in HR was similar with parasympathetic blockade (11 +/- 2 beats min(-1)), but a

58 milarly elevated from rest under control and parasympathetic blockade (4 +/- 1 vs. 4 +/- 2 beats min(

59 untary contraction, under control (no drug), parasympathetic blockade (glycopyrrolate) and beta-adren

60 , beta1-adrenergic blockade (metoprolol) and parasympathetic blockade (glycopyrrolate) conditions.

61 /- 1 beats min(-1); P < 0.05 vs. control and parasympathetic blockade).

62 ts min(-1), for control, beta-adrenergic and parasympathetic blockade; P > 0.05 between conditions).

63 ify a previously unexplored key central IL-1-parasympathetic-bone axis that antagonizes the skeletal

64 ostatic HRR may reflect dysregulation of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

65 idely expressed, including in neurons of the parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system

66 s is in close apposition to cardioinhibitory parasympathetic cardiac neurons in the nucleus ambiguus

67 ic stress disorder by evoking an increase in parasympathetic cardiac vagal activity, and a decrease i

68 ergic neurons in the LC influences brainstem parasympathetic cardiac vagal neurons (CVNs).

69 BAergic and glycinergic neurotransmission to parasympathetic cardiac vagal neurons in the rat nucleus

70 ation that occurs via inhibition of premotor parasympathetic cardioinhibitory neurons in the NA durin

71 stionnaires, smell test, and sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiovascular autonomic function tests.

72 active phase owing to afferent modulation of parasympathetic central drive.

73 Tumors were also infiltrated by parasympathetic cholinergic fibers that promoted cancer

74 letion of Mc4r genes in both sympathetic and parasympathetic cholinergic neurons impaired glucose hom

75 This study reveals a novel hypothalamic-parasympathetic circuit modulating hepatic function thro

76 ole of dorsal anterior insular cortex in the parasympathetic control of cardiac and autonomic functio

77 The parasympathetic control of heart rate arises from pre-mo

78 This study tested the hypothesis that parasympathetic control of left ventricular contractilit

79 se neurones provide functionally significant parasympathetic control of left ventricular inotropy.

80 N neurones provides functionally significant parasympathetic control of LV contractile function.

81 omical mapping we tested the hypothesis that parasympathetic control of LV contractility is provided

82 n, had exaggerated sympathetic and depressed parasympathetic control of the circulation, and a decrea

83 Inhibition of parasympathetic control of the heart alone or in combina

84 Sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the heart is a classic exampl

85 macological inhibition of sympathetic and/or parasympathetic control of the heart.

86 egatively regulate and thereby ensure normal parasympathetic control of the heart.

87 ate G proteins, are indispensable for normal parasympathetic control of the heart.

88 in which sympathetic activity dominates over parasympathetic control.

89 nding of the pathogenesis and time course of parasympathetic denervation in Parkinson's disease is li

90 inding may, therefore, represent a marker of parasympathetic denervation of internal organs, but furt

91 achycardia occurs as a result of sympathetic/parasympathetic denervation, an unavoidable consequence

92 ociated with autonomic dysfunction including parasympathetic denervation.

93 potential subsystems for the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS, and (3) potential

94 /HF ratio (denoting a greater sympathetic to parasympathetic dominance).

95 n autonomic brainstem neurons (including the parasympathetic dorsal motor vagus) mediated improved gl

96 tween afferent mediated decreases in central parasympathetic drive and suppressive effects evoked by

97 ute to the interplay between sympathetic and parasympathetic drivers for exercise and diving, respect

98 ic pain (R = 0.84, P < 0.001), the degree of parasympathetic dysfunction (R = -0.52, P < 0.01) and im

99 We previously demonstrated that parasympathetic dysfunction in the heart of the Akita ty

100 Parkinson's disease is associated with early parasympathetic dysfunction leading to constipation and

101 pe 1 diabetic heart plays a critical role in parasympathetic dysfunction through an effect on SREBP-1

102 Orthostatic hypotension and parasympathetic dysfunction were seen in 69% of subjects

103 n is innervated by extrinsic sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent and spinal afferent neurons, vi

104 sive effects evoked by direct stimulation of parasympathetic efferent axons to the heart.

105 ensory vagal neurons without transduction of parasympathetic efferent neurons.

106 li are processed to activate sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent signals.

107 augmenting response to VNS and enhanced the parasympathetic efferent-mediated suppressing effect on

108 heral nervous system, including sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric, and dorsal root ganglia.

109 The parasympathetic fate is induced in nerve-associated Schw

110 Consistent with this, both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers innervating blood vessels and sal

111 We review the multiple types of parasympathetic fibres and their distinct transmitter me

112 We highlight the importance of parasympathetic fibres for mediating the vasodilatory re

113 ariability index, reflecting sympathetic and parasympathetic function (low-frequency power), and the

114 urturin reduces neuronal apoptosis, restores parasympathetic function and increases epithelial regene

115 The progenitors survive, parasympathetic function is diminished and epithelial ap

116 ic function tests (p < 0.01, sympathetic and parasympathetic function tests).

117 Here we show that restoring parasympathetic function with the neurotrophic factor ne

118 also assessed a secondary outcome focused on parasympathetic function, using time-domain heart rate v

119 ssing whether goal-directed therapy affected parasympathetic function.

120 ging technique to visualize the integrity of parasympathetic function.

121 all subjects to obtain objective measures of parasympathetic function.

122 Parasympathetic ganglia (PSG) are derived from Schwann c

123 Others form parasympathetic ganglia after being guided to the site o

124 CHAT), that suggest a widespread location of parasympathetic ganglia and a relatively dense parasympa

125 We studied how parasympathetic ganglia form close to visceral organs an

126 cardiac functions by anatomically segregated parasympathetic ganglia is discussed.

127 electrically stimulating the postganglionic parasympathetic ganglia to improve cerebal blood flow to

128 mission from different mouse sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, as well as from the adrenal med

129 mammalian embryos to populate post-embryonic parasympathetic ganglia, including enteric ganglia.

130 We report that removal of the parasympathetic ganglion in mouse explant organ culture

131 rgets for converging CNS signals to regulate parasympathetic gastric function.

132 ility of this functional imaging modality in parasympathetic head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) co

133 Finally, sympathetic, but not parasympathetic, hepatic denervation blunted the effect

134 ut not RGS4, is the primary RGS modulator of parasympathetic HR regulation and SAN M2R-IKACh signalin

135 ngs suggest that SUDEP is caused by apparent parasympathetic hyperactivity immediately following toni

136 te in denervated ex vivo hearts, implicating parasympathetic hyperexcitability in the Scn8a(N1768D/+)

137 Dysregulation of parasympathetic influence has been linked to sinus node

138 Rgs6/Gbeta5 complex modulates the timing of parasympathetic influence on atrial myocytes and heart r

139 uscle contraction via excitatory cholinergic parasympathetic innervation [1, 2].

140 ways during ontogenesis, leading to aberrant parasympathetic innervation and airway hyperreactivity a

141 Thus, parasympathetic innervation coordinates multiple steps i

142 By using this approach, we found that parasympathetic innervation influences islet function in

143 ept may be applicable for other organs where parasympathetic innervation influences their function.

144 Parasympathetic innervation is critical for submandibula

145 Parasympathetic innervation maintained the epithelial pr

146 y express melanopsin [5], or its cholinergic parasympathetic innervation may be modulated by suggeste

147 We consider whether the parasympathetic innervation of blood vessels could be us

148 ezil PET imaging may be able to quantify the parasympathetic innervation of organs but also detect no

149 vidence for the presence and function of the parasympathetic innervation of the cerebral circulation

150 Parasympathetic innervation of the endocrine pancreas, t

151 in the vagus nerve, the primary conduit for parasympathetic innervation of the heart.

152 unctional significance and origins of direct parasympathetic innervation of the left ventricle (LV) r

153 ngth, functional significance and origins of parasympathetic innervation of the left ventricle remain

154 origins and neurochemical phenotypes of the parasympathetic innervation of the vertebrobasilar arter

155 gaps in our understanding of the origins of parasympathetic innervation of the vertebrobasilar arter

156 rasympathetic ganglia and a relatively dense parasympathetic innervation of ventricular muscle in a r

157 In particular, the vagus nerve provides the parasympathetic innervation to the gastrointestinal trac

158 Parasympathetic innervation was imaged intravitally by u

159 ucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), pancreatic parasympathetic innervation, and impaired glucose-stimul

160 After inoculation of footpads, which lack parasympathetic innervation, the viruses spread more eff

161 gland is its rich sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic innervation, yet the functional relevanc

162 nds damaged by irradiation also have reduced parasympathetic innervation.

163 ally regulated by extrinsic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) innervation.

164 s neurons receiving sympathetic (P<0.05) and parasympathetic input (P<0.05).

165 This was associated with a stronger parasympathetic input and higher sensitivity of beta-cel

166 wild-type vagus nerve, the primary source of parasympathetic input to the heart, suggesting a novel s

167 sed the ambient illumination to increase the parasympathetic input to the islet grafts via the pupill

168 preganglionic motor neurons (sympathetic and parasympathetic) mediated RYGB-induced increased energy

169 ff-target effects, including loss of neural (parasympathetic)-mediated cellular protection.

170 ade of either sympathetic - propranolol - or parasympathetic - methylatropine - signals.

171 showed a shift toward greater sensitivity to parasympathetic modulation in animals injected with AC1

172 results in decreased SREBP-1, attenuation of parasympathetic modulation of heart rate, measured as a

173 cidating the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation of the heart.

174 In a subgroup, sympathetic/parasympathetic modulation was assessed by power spectra

175 PY treatment increased parasympathetic modulation, M2 macrophages and the anti-

176 ere associated with subclinical decreases in parasympathetic modulation, prolongation of late repolar

177 ficant residual increase of sympathetic over parasympathetic modulation.

178 with a residual increase of sympathetic over parasympathetic modulation.

179 rt, activation of K(ACh) mediates the vagal (parasympathetic) negative chronotropic effect on heart r

180 ectrophysiological recordings showed reduced parasympathetic nerve activity in the basal state and no

181 vealed that the densities of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers in tumor and surrounding no

182 lex arrangement of sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nerve fibers that contain classical tran

183 Parasympathetic nerves are a vital component of the prog

184 protein released from eosinophils to airway parasympathetic nerves blocks inhibitory M(2) muscarinic

185 We propose that neurturin will protect the parasympathetic nerves from damage and improve organ reg

186 demonstrate an unexpected role for SOX2 and parasympathetic nerves in generating the acinar lineage

187 Here, we demonstrate that parasympathetic nerves regulate tubulogenesis in the dev

188 ce of ACh was sympathetic nerves rather than parasympathetic nerves that are the normal source of ACh

189 mplementary signals derived from beta-cells, parasympathetic nerves, and increased islet blood flow.

190 inhibitory M(2) muscarinic receptors on the parasympathetic nerves, increasing acetylcholine release

191 active intestinal peptide (VIP), secreted by parasympathetic nerves, is a surprising player in direct

192 er smooth muscle contraction is triggered by parasympathetic nerves, which release ATP and acetylchol

193 These results indicate that a reduced parasympathetic nervous activity is the main mechanism u

194 reased sympathetic nervous activity, reduced parasympathetic nervous activity, or a non-autonomic mec

195 KEY POINTS: The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is critical for ada

196 ABSTRACT: The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is critical for ada

197 s entirely attributable to the withdrawal of parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) activity and that

198 However, skeletal activity of the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) has not been repor

199 ervous system starting at 16 mpi, and in the parasympathetic nervous system from 20 mpi.

200 ention effects were evident for cortisol and parasympathetic nervous system reactivity only among chi

201 Thus, the parasympathetic nervous system receives input from crani

202 the organization at successive relays in the parasympathetic nervous system strongly resemble each ot

203 ontrols hepatic lipid metabolism through the parasympathetic nervous system, independent of changes i

204 llowing the discovery of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, numerous adrenoceptor dr

205 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through the parasympathetic nervous system, whereas it increases fat

206 obiota in rodents leads to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which, in turn, promotes

207 bitors of the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.

208 s, which may enable wiring of the developing parasympathetic nervous system.

209 rtant biogenic amines of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in the body.

210 elative contributions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, along with potential no

211 ction between the autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) nervous and the immune systems.

212 nase C (PKC) alpha plays a major role in the parasympathetic neural stimulation of lacrimal gland (LG

213 al repolarization may be negated by enhanced parasympathetic neural tone.

214 Cholinergic stimulation induces parasympathetic neuro-immune modulation and anti-inflamm

215 Defective autonomic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurogenic control, or defective myogeni

216 cn8a(N1768D/+) mice have cardiac myoycte and parasympathetic neuron hyperexcitability.

217 al Schwann cell precursors are the source of parasympathetic neurons during normal development.

218 igin places cellular elements for generating parasympathetic neurons in diverse tissues and organs, w

219 e first time that EA activates preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the NAmb.

220 Recruitment of eosinophils to airway parasympathetic neurons requires neural expression of bo

221 the neurobiological link between the LC and parasympathetic neurons that control heart rate has not

222 arge suprathreshold EPSPs on sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons to convey signals from the CNS.

223 c neurons may be more prone than cholinergic parasympathetic neurons to hyperglycemia-induced elevati

224 Parasympathetic neurons were isolated from human trachea

225 n cells are more vulnerable to diabetes than parasympathetic neurons, a finding that may have implica

226 To explore the role of MeCP2 within the parasympathetic neurons, we selectively removed MeCP2 fu

227 ary glands are innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons, which release neurotransmitters

228 fect on synaptic transmission at synapses on parasympathetic neurons.

229 ines induce eotaxin and ICAM-1 expression in parasympathetic neurons.

230 rst type of clusters coexpressed markers for parasympathetic neurons.

231 their relation to cholinergic (preganglionic parasympathetic) neurons and those containing enkephalin

232 cardiac rhythmicity due in part to aberrant parasympathetic neurotransmission, making Kcna1 a strong

233 drug, which blocks inhibitory effects of the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine on heart

234 Acetylcholine (ACh) is the most important parasympathetic neurotransmitter, and increasing evidenc

235 This study shows that parasympathetic neurotransmitters and their agonists inf

236 e nerve quality (i.e., with the sympathetic, parasympathetic, or sensory nerves).

237 -P6 acupoints has the potential to influence parasympathetic outflow and cardiovascular function, lik

238 e- and postganglionic neurons of the cranial parasympathetic outflow from those of the thoracolumbar

239 ivatory nucleus, a region that gives rise to parasympathetic outflow to cephalic and ocular/nasal str

240 tic action appears to be specifically on the parasympathetic outflow to the cranial vasculature.

241 , and part of this activation may be via the parasympathetic outflow to the cranial vasculature.

242 diovascular function via the sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow.

243 t of neurons that influences sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow.

244 or maintaining an adaptive level of baseline parasympathetic outflow.

245 tral sympathetic output as well as increased parasympathetic output from brainstem cardiac vagal neur

246 Glucocorticoids influence vagal parasympathetic output to the viscera via mechanisms tha

247 nd of heart rate variability, an estimate of parasympathetic output, correlated positively with chang

248 is associated with hypothalamic activity and parasympathetic outputs.

249 s associated with a residual predominance of parasympathetic over sympathetic activity.

250 ic responders had a residual predominance of parasympathetic over sympathetic activity.

251 activation in heart, functioning to prevent parasympathetic override and severe bradycardia.

252 iary ganglion (CG) is a relay station in the parasympathetic pathway activating the iris sphincter an

253 eir response to therapies, and indicates the parasympathetic pathway may be uniquely involved in thei

254 he early differentiation of the NC along the parasympathetic PG lineage.

255 resence of AAV2, the C1 neurons activate DMV parasympathetic PGNs monosynaptically and this connectio

256 There is continuing belief that cardiac parasympathetic postganglionic fibres are sparse or abse

257 le myocardial cells were most likely cardiac parasympathetic postganglionic fibres.

258 We found that MC4Rs in sympathetic, but not parasympathetic, pre-ganglionic neurons were required to

259 rtemin acts as the first survival factor for parasympathetic preganglionic motor neurons through GFRa

260 eurons, we hypothesized that sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs and PPNs) wo

261 tangential migration of many sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons and a subset of so

262 Here, we show that MC4R agonists inhibit parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the brainstem.

263 oreflex-mediated increases in cardiac SNA by parasympathetic reactivation during PEI has been suggest

264 ctivation to offset the influence of cardiac parasympathetic reactivation on heart rate.

265 igemino-cerebrovascular system and trigemino-parasympathetic reflex.

266 executive- and salience-processing networks, parasympathetic regions predominate in the default mode

267 ine the functional impact of loss of RGS6 on parasympathetic regulation of cardiac automaticity.

268 ify central neuronal cell groups involved in parasympathetic regulation of ChBF via input to the SSN.

269 Parasympathetic regulation of heart rate is mediated by

270 e the relative influence of RGS4 and RGS6 on parasympathetic regulation of HR and M2R-IKACh-dependent

271 ing) proteins are negative modulators of the parasympathetic regulation of HR and the prototypical M2

272 ximately 6 years, potentially as a result of parasympathetic reinnervation of the graft, but then dec

273 Consequently, increased parasympathetic signaling leads to hyperactivated bronch

274 leus of vagus resulted in hyperactivation of parasympathetic signaling-induced bronchoconstriction, a

275 All these effects are mediated by parasympathetic signals delivered by the vagus nerve.

276 tramer GIRK4 channels play a central role in parasympathetic slowing of heart rate.

277 The beneficial effects of parasympathetic stimulation have been reported in left h

278 nel that mediates the heart rate response to parasympathetic stimulation.

279 rrounds hemispheric lateralization along the parasympathetic-sympathetic axis.

280 We show that the parasympathetic system in mice--including trunk ganglia

281 , and survival, and targeting the overactive parasympathetic system may be a useful therapeutic strat

282 nown if EA at these acupoints influences the parasympathetic system.

283 Classically, sympathetic and parasympathetic systems act in opposition to maintain th

284 s classically organized into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems acting in opposition to maintain

285 ptors and involving both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

286 ients (32.5%) and was characterized by lower parasympathetic tone and increased G-protein-coupled rec

287 conduction blocks, indicating that excessive parasympathetic tone contributes to the neurocardiac def

288 nal connectivity within the DMN and baseline parasympathetic tone respectively, highlighting the impo

289 Parasympathetic tone was increased in Ex16 rats and norm

290 overall HRV as well as increased sympathetic/parasympathetic tone were associated independently with

291 e (3 mumol/L) was used to simulate increased parasympathetic tone, which is known to promote ER.

292 ution from the partial withdrawal of cardiac parasympathetic tone.

293 nephrine secretion plus a decline in cardiac parasympathetic tone.

294 parameters that were suggestive of increased parasympathetic tone.

295 hmias in mutant mice, implicating overactive parasympathetic tone.

296 ta provide direct experimental evidence that parasympathetic vagal drive generated by a defined CNS c

297 iological mechanisms, such as alterations in parasympathetic vagal tone, did not appear to have a rol

298 l for the anti-inflammatory potential of the parasympathetic vagus nerve, and they represent a potent

299 exercise testing, time/frequency measures of parasympathetic variables were related to the presence/a

300 ject directly to the part of SSN involved in parasympathetic vasodilatory control of the choroid via