ライフサイエンスコーパス: paratuberculosis

1 iciently than wild-type (wt) M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

2 of infection of calves with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

3 orphisms present uniquely in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

4 nding of the pathogenesis of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

5 ally regulated genes using a murine model of paratuberculosis.

6 ntaining heat-killed or live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

7 cum); and the ruminant type, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

8 he molecular epidemiology of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

9 helial cells were exposed to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

10 ing them with live, virulent M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

11 l preparations of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

12 c lymph node colonization by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

13 ies and serologic responses to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

14 t for use in PCR assays for the detection of paratuberculosis.

15 rated in a vaccine/challenge model of murine paratuberculosis.

16 oth caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.

17 s some aspects of tuberculosis, leprosy, and paratuberculosis.

18 lating behavior in Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis.

19 mice and rabbits exposed to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

20 bits and mice immunized with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

21 which mediates FN binding by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

22 g and invasion of M cells by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

23 not require stimulation with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

24 igens specific to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

25 ttle naturally infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

26 ge activation and killing of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

27 nse to stimulation with live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

28 fter in vitro infection with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

29 ctions, including Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

30 by in vitro stimulation with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

31 targets for the diagnosis of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

32 not affect the viability of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

33 by environmental exposure of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

34 than are passively shedding M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

35 dding or truly infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

36 sing data on the infection state of farms by paratuberculosis.

37 and is not present in M. tuberculosis or M. paratuberculosis.

38 eviously unknown antigens of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

39 six acid-fast isolates were identified as M. paratuberculosis, 15 were identified as belonging to the

40 tion by different strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, a first step in understanding trait-al

41 t analysis indicated that wt M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis activates Cdc42 and RhoA pathways of in

42 We now know that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis activates the epithelial layer and also

43 ens including Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli, an

44 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis also has been reported to infect mammar

45 ene products are produced by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and are antigenic.

46 uish between sheep and cattle isolates of M. paratuberculosis and easily and reproducibly differentia

47 ere purified from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and evaluated for their ability to stim

48 ein expression in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and how this contributes to pathogenesi

49 idge formed between FAP-P of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and integrins on M cells.

50 ymorphisms in the genomes of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium, many of whic

51 nd 56 isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium, respectively

52 of the intestinal mucosa by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominiss

53 ative stress were similar in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suggest

54 ted in vitro with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and PBMCs stimulated with phosphate-buf

55 interaction between FAP-P of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and soluble FN enabled targeting and in

56 avium-M. intracellulare complex (but not M. paratuberculosis), and the remaining 18 were identified

57 terization of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and whole-genome sequencing can provid

58 c approach to identify novel M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens that are not present in any ot

59 previously reported or known M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens to serve as a frame of referen

60 Upon in vitro stimulation with paratuberculosis antigens, CD4(+) cells from infected ca

61 Multibacillary and paucibacillary paratuberculosis are both caused by Mycobacterium avium

62 cellular markers, only live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacilli were able to prevent phagosome

63 allowing the transmission of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis between animals.

64 42 of cells infected with wt M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis but not with the deltaOx mutant.

65 tion, dendritic cells ingest M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, but this process does not lead to effi

66 resence of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by a novel peptide-mediated magnetic se

67 and ingestion of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by cultured epithelial cells requires t

68 ia can be distinguished from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis by multiple clusters of divergent ORFs.

69 Because M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis can be delivered to the naive host by m

70 e that low concentrations of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis can be detected.

71 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes an enteric infection in cattle,

72 Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in cattle and is

73 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in ruminants, a

74 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease, an enteric infe

75 a greater recovery of viable M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells from milk than from samples treat

76 eased the recovery of viable M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells more than treatment with NALC-NaO

77 Counts of viable M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells ranging from 1 to 110 PFU/50 ml o

78 for the enumeration of viable Mycobacterium paratuberculosis cells was developed and evaluated using

79 tle or humans, single-cell suspensions of M. paratuberculosis cells were adjusted to an optical densi

80 es requiring the quantification of viable M. paratuberculosis cells, such as drug susceptibility test

81 of clinical and subclinical Johne's disease (paratuberculosis) compared to bacteriological culture, w

82 with the previously described BACTEC 460 M. paratuberculosis counting method, quantification with MG

83 it was also determined that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis crosses apical and basolateral surfaces

84 Furthermore, our analyses on paratuberculosis data suggested that the contributions o

85 train and a mutant strain of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis deficient in tissue colonization and in

86 We interrogated an M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DeltasigL mutant against a selected lis

87 d AFLP genotypes (genotypes Z1 and Z2) of M. paratuberculosis described previously.

88 ing intestinal deposition of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis despite a lack of fecal shedding of myc

89 In a prospective study, M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis detection in early Crohn's disease was

90 enome sequence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis determined, technologies are now being

91 proinflammatory responses to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis develop in infected cattle and that a l

92 transcriptional responses of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis during macrophage infection.

93 ere used to demonstrate that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis enters the intestinal mucosa through en

94 ing pathway activated during M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis entry that links the product of MAP3464

95 with greater efficiency than M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis exposed to broth medium or water (P < 0

96 e gene expression profile of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis exposed to different stress conditions,

97 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis exposed to milk entered epithelial cell

98 the genomes of 20 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis field isolates, 1 American Type Culture

99 analysis and applied to the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis field isolates.

100 ound 15 different strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from a total of 142 isolates analyzed.

101 and detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from milk and/or fecal samples from cat

102 aluated for the isolation of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from milk, as it achieved the lowest th

103 Shedding levels (CFU of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis/g of feces) for the animals at each cul

104 To identify M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genes associated with the invasion of b

105 These novel M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genes were cloned into Escherichia coli

106 nscriptional level, over 300 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genes were significantly and differenti

107 repeat sequences dispersed throughout the M. paratuberculosis genome, of which 78 were perfect repeat

108 present in six copies on the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome.

109 , the results indicated that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis had equal abilities to cross the mucosa

110 We hypothesized that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis harnesses host responses to recruit mac

111 ection biology of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has recently crystallized, with added d

112 en epithelium and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis have not been intensively studied, and

113 prepared from two strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, i.e., laboratory-adapted strain K-10 a

114 based PCR in order to detect M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in feces and milk.

115 esence of antibodies against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in host serum.

116 rotocol for the isolation of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk.

117 g and invasion of M cells by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in vivo is mediated primarily by the fo

118 g and invasion of M cells by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in vivo via these surface integrins.

119 ected, M. bovis-infected, or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected (by natural and experimental r

120 er it is possible that these M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected animals could have been infect

121 ity against M. kansasii- and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected animals.

122 In ileal tissues from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cattle, expression of the gene

123 ably recognized by sera from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cattle.

124 ession program of PBMCs from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cows is inherently different f

125 osis (from 16 to 8 weeks) of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection and can also be efficiently e

126 ymph nodes draining sites of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection expressed higher levels of IL

127 ng a better understanding of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in the host and offer potenti

128 features of host immunity to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection include an appropriate early

129 We show that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection led to phagosome acidificatio

130 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of cattle takes place through

131 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of the bovine host is not wel

132 monstrate protection against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection with expression library immun

133 pathogenesis and immunity of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection, a potential role that could

134 Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection, is a worldwide problem for t

135 as a definitive indicator of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection, most infected cattle exhibit

136 e to diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection.

137 ll prove useful as an experimental model for paratuberculosis infection.

138 positive, indicating a true M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection.

139 and milk, and we showed that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infects bovine mammary epithelial cells

140 studies have suggested that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis interacts with M cells in the Peyer's p

141 In summary, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis interacts with the intestinal mucosa by

142 , instillation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis into the tonsillar crypts of neonatal c

143 nition regions of FN blocked M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis invasion of M cells by 75 and 45%, resp

144 her elucidate the process of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis invasion.

145 ase suggests that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a causative agent.

146 ection but are modified once M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is adapted to laboratory cultivation.

147 Thus, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is an opportunist that takes advantage

148 Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is associated with high levels of morbi

149 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is genetically similar to other members

150 Once inside the cell, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is known to survive harsh microenvironm

151 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is shed into the milk and feces of cows

152 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's disea

153 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's Disea

154 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the cause of Johne's disease in catt

155 pe Culture Collection (ATCC) M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolate (ATCC 19698), and 2 M. avium su

156 quence repeats of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from Crohn's disease patients

157 among infecting genotypes of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from diverse hosts [cattle (n=

158 human strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated in the United States and to id

159 is of 14 SNPs Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates can be characterized within 14

160 ed that 78% of bovine origin M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates clustered together into a majo

161 The M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates could be differentiated into 6

162 reproducible high-resolution subtyping of M. paratuberculosis isolates for molecular epidemiologic an

163 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from bovine fecal samples proc

164 the macrophage responses to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from cattle and human sources,

165 s enables the genetic characterization of M. paratuberculosis isolates from different host species an

166 cleotide sequencing of the 78 loci of six M. paratuberculosis isolates from different host species an

167 nalysis also showed that the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from ovine and bovine sources

168 None of the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates had ORFs classified as diverge

169 ic relatedness of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates harvested from bovine fecal sa

170 region enabled the differentiation of the M. paratuberculosis isolates in clade A18 into seven distin

171 The analysis differentiated the 33 M. paratuberculosis isolates into 20 distinct MLSSR types,

172 ses were used to fingerprint M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates recovered from animals (n = 20

173 Recently, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates recovered from Crohn's disease

174 genetic heterogeneity among M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates recovered from human and ovine

175 se to different genotypes of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates recovered from various hosts.

176 i was used to genotype a collection of 33 M. paratuberculosis isolates representing different multipl

177 f genomic polymorphism among M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates that may be used to establish

178 d a global scale analysis of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates that were representative of di

179 The M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates were obtained from a longitudi

180 data from 133 Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates with different genotypes from

181 ssue-associated versus fecal M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates).

182 enetic conservation among 10 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates, two isolates each of Mycobact

183 bal typing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates.

184 epidemiological tracking of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates.

185 ion in the tissue-associated M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates.

186 ely hybridized with DNA from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis K10, and open reading frames (ORFs) wer

187 complete genome sequence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis led to the identification of 13 open re

188 Isolates of non-paratuberculosis M. avium from 207 other patients in Sou

189 the genotyping of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) strains.

190 i L1 and L9), one Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis)-specific sequence

191 B, and Ag85C from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) (K(D) values were determined from

192 the isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) from milk and colostrum, with par

193 nostic assays for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) have poor sensitivities and canno

194 The role of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in Crohn's disease is controversi

195 ating bacilli Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infecting macrophages in the gut.

196 ease is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection and results in economic

197 host responses to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection during the early subcli

198 astic dynamics of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection on US dairy herds with

199 the sequenced bovine isolate M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) K-10.

200 led to speculation that Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) might be a causative agent in Cro

201 Total lipids from an M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) ovine strain (S-type) contained n

202 mmon clone of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) strain K-10, the causative agent

203 n in Great Britain, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) was detected in 115 of 1092 (10.5

204 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), a slowly growing mycobacteria, i

205 se (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP), occurs worldwide as chronic gran

206 Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne dis

207 cattle caused by Mycobacterium avian subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP).

208 ane protein homologue to the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis MAP2446c gene and four others belonging

209 studies have suggested that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis may suppress gene expression in periphe

210 nalyzed the virulence of six M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis mutants with inactivation of differenti

211 atuberculosis (n = 303), non-M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis mycobacteria (n = 129), and other nonmy

212 sii (n = 10), and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n = 10), cases exposed to M. bovis (n

213 experimentally infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n = 3) were used to probe the array to

214 acterial cultures, including M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n = 303), non-M. avium subsp. paratube

215 vasion of Peyer's patches by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis occurs through M cells, which, unlike o

216 Johne's disease (paratuberculosis) of cattle is widespread and causes sig

217 port, the stress response of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis on a genome-wide level (stressome) was

218 and in vitro infection with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis on the production of IFN-gamma, IL-10,

219 ected with sheep isolates of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or the M. avium subsp. avium isolate.

220 rapid technique, 10 or fewer M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis organisms were consistently detected in

221 Samples were spiked with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis organisms, which bound to immunomagneti

222 0(2) to 10(8) CFU/ml of live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis organisms.

223 improve our understanding of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis pathogenesis, we examined phagosome mat

224 the role of sigma factors in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis pathogenesis, we targeted a key sigma f

225 Four M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-polymorphic regions revealed by AFLP we

226 Three additional M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-polymorphic regions were cloned, reveal

227 Nonopsonized M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis preferentially invaded M cells in murin

228 To determine whether an M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis protein delivered to the host cell medi

229 ase shows that the same five M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins are also detected within the c

230 ables a direct comparison of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins to each other in relation to t

231 cytosolic proteins from the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteome.

232 The numbers of viable M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis recovered from cultures from naturally

233 t reduction in the amount of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis recovered from mouse tissues compared t

234 e increased number of viable M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis recovered from these cultures compared

235 cattle and human isolates of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, regardless of their short sequence rep

236 cellular pathogen Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis results in a granulomatous enteritis (J

237 loenzyme from Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis revealed an architecture that is striki

238 ay analysis of intracellular M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis RNA indicates the increased transcripti

239 icance of such regulators in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis rremains elusive.

240 ffort to identify protective M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis sequences, a genomic DNA expression lib

241 tent with the anti-MAP antibody responses in paratuberculosis sheep.

242 characterization of a recently identified M. paratuberculosis short sequence repeat (SSR) region enab

243 obacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis)-specific sequence (locus 251), and one

244 nited States and to identify M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific diagnostic molecular markers t

245 splayed significantly higher M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific immunoglobulin G2a antibody re

246 n loci and a newly described M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific sequence (locus 251) as potent

247 antigenic analysis of these M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific sequences in Escherichia coli.

248 Of the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific sequences studied, one reveale

249 says for the presence of two M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific targets.

250 ally expressed (P < 0.01) in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-stimulated PBMCs from infected cows com

251 As expected, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis stimulation of infected cow PBMCs enhan

252 was consistently enhanced by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis stimulation of PBMCs from subclinically

253 ild-type strain and a mutant M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain (with an inactivated gcpE gene)

254 re highly reproducible, regardless of the M. paratuberculosis strain or inoculum volume.

255 The results of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain typing and observed shedding lev

256 mined differential growth of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains and that this should be conside

257 evidence for the host specificity of some M. paratuberculosis strains as well as sharing of strains b

258 0 integration loci clustered 67 of the 76 M. paratuberculosis strains into a single clade (designated

259 For each of 12 M. paratuberculosis strains isolated from either cattle or

260 Typing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strains presents a challenge, since the

261 ystematic differentiation of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains to understand the epidemiology

262 e and antisense FAP-P mutant M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains were injected alone or coinject

263 protein expression from both M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains were measured by using amine-re

264 discrepancy in the growth of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains.

265 obacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) strains.

266 the selection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis subtypes.

267 For this evaluation, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis subtyping was based on the sequence var

268 hypothesis that exposure to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis suppresses a proinflammatory gene expre

269 M. tuberculosis FadE20, (iv) a Mycobacterium paratuberculosis surface protein, and (v) M. tuberculosi

270 amma, IL-10, and TGF-beta on M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis survival in the cell cultures.

271 as shown to be important for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis survival inside gamma interferon (IFN-g

272 In fact, stimulation with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis tended to reduce the differential expre

273 after stimulation with live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, TGF-beta levels in the culture superna

274 cows are truly infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis than are passively shedding M. avium su

275 otential coding sequences of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis that are not represented in any other m

276 F-beta during infection with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis that may be directly related to their e

277 vealed unique gene groups of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis that were regulated under in vitro stre

278 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the agent of Johne's disease, infects

279 ting the high sensitivity of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to acidic environments.

280 sa is important in order for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to establish infection.

281 To examine the ability of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to infect bovine epithelial cells in vi

282 e recruitment in response to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis using a MAC-T bovine macrophage cocultu

283 ere assessed for presence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis using four different protocols: (i) sed

284 nhancement was observed with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis using the imide of acinetoferrin.

285 Currently, paratuberculosis vaccines are comprised of crude whole-c

286 substantial role for sigL in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis virulence, as indicated by the signific

287 uggesting a role for sigH in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis virulence.

288 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was also shown to interact with epithel

289 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was capable of invading the mucosa, but

290 n was enhanced 2.6-fold when M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was pretreated with FN.

291 he antisense FAP-P mutant of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was reduced by 77 to 90% relative to th

292 To our surprise, strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were able to traverse the intestinal ti

293 No strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were found.

294 Several mutants of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were identified which invaded Madin-Dar

295 e low shedders of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were passively shedding or truly infect

296 ell communication pathway by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, which loosens the integrity of the tig

297 We have utilized an M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis whole-genome microarray representing ov

298 igated whether incubation of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis with milk has an effect on invasion of

299 e B, was shown to cross-feed M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis with the same efficiency as the more co

300 Growth of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis within MAC-T cells also resulted in aug