ライフサイエンスコーパス: parvocellular

1 rease was approximately two times greater in parvocellular (59%) than magnocellular (31%) layers.

2 e prolactin (PRL) immunoreactive in both the parvocellular (84.95% +/- 4.11%) and the magnocellular (

3 PPP2R2C, and SFRP2) and one was enriched in parvocellular and koniocellular layers (TCF7L2).

4 tegmental nucleus of the pons that has both parvocellular and magnocellular cholinergic neurons, ind

5 one levels and Fos induction in the both the parvocellular and magnocellular divisions of the nucleus

6 and amygdala, and in anterior and posterior parvocellular and magnocellular nuclei of the preoptic a

7 Parvocellular and magnocellular PVN neurons are richly i

8 n the lateral septal nucleus and in both the parvocellular and magnocellular subdivisions of the para

9 responsive lateralized secretion of AVP from parvocellular and/or magnocellular axons in the median e

10 macaque monkey retina, where the low (midget/parvocellular) and high-frequency (parasol/magnocellular

11 emble those of neurons in the magnocellular, parvocellular, and koniocellular layers of their target

12 derivatives from the CoP (olivary pretectal, parvocellular, and magnocellular posterior commissure an

13 und in the anterior parvocellular, posterior parvocellular, and magnocellular preoptic nuclei.

14 erior (ap-), medial (mp-), and lateral (lp-) parvocellular, and posterior magnocellular (pm-) subdivi

15 VN corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and parvocellular arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA expression

16 uction in the PVN but did not affect CRH and parvocellular AVP mRNA expression in the PVN.

17 ch was more prominent for magnocellular than parvocellular biased stimuli.

18 ients with schizophrenia, but were intact to parvocellular-biased HSF stimuli, regardless of generato

19 Conversely, parvocellular-biased stimuli significantly activated a p

20 vated the orbitofrontal cortex compared with parvocellular-biased stimuli.

21 in response to magnocellular-biased, but not parvocellular-biased, stimuli (P = .001).

22 ntage for the magnocellular, but not for the parvocellular-biased, stimuli, whereas the opposite was

23 NMDA, which destroyed parvocellular but spared magnocellular neurons, caused n

24 laminar nucleus, but they were absent in the parvocellular C laminae.

25 Thus, while deeply modulated responses in parvocellular cells have a larger absolute variability t

26 Most parvocellular cells in and near the fovea respond reliab

27 Here, we find a cohort of parvocellular cells interspersed with magnocellular PVN

28 receiving excitatory S-cone input but not in parvocellular cells or those receiving inhibitory S-cone

29 l test, was linear for all magnocellular and parvocellular cells tested; that is, Y cells were not ob

30 groups, but in multiple sclerosis brains the parvocellular cells were significantly smaller (mean siz

31 tivity and TF tuning are similar to those of parvocellular cells, and they receive negligible functio

32 asing contrast, likely reflecting a dominant parvocellular channel input.

33 istry revealed that a subset (12%) of medial parvocellular CRH neurons in the rat hypothalamus contai

34 potential target neurons in the PVN, such as parvocellular CRH neurons, controlling physiologic respo

35 europeptides regulating ACTH release, in the parvocellular division of paraventricular nucleus (pcPVN

36 gation is clearly established throughout the parvocellular division of the dLGN, and substantial ocul

37 lyzed by in situ hybridization in the medial parvocellular division of the hypothalamic paraventricul

38 reases in both CRH and AVP hnRNAs within the parvocellular division of the nucleus.

39 ia several brain areas and integrated in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus (P

40 opin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurones in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus (p

41 the central nucleus of the amygdala, and the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of

42 n) RNA increased rapidly and markedly in the parvocellular division of the PVN.

43 inputs converge upon the cells of the medial parvocellular division of the PVN.

44 stress-induced c-fos mRNA expression in the parvocellular division of the PVN.

45 n (AVP) is present in both magnocellular and parvocellular divisions of the PVN, and the latter popul

46 nated) tasks than face- or color-perception (parvocellular-dominated) tasks, the authors measured bra

47 patients suggests greater magnocellular than parvocellular dysfunction at these levels.

48 al stream dysfunction, with some deficits in parvocellular function as well.

49 Early magnocellular/parvocellular function was assessed using contrast sensi

50 The inhibition of parvocellular GABA(A) currents by SP was also abolished

51 ical recordings of primate magnocellular and parvocellular ganglion cell responses to luminance and r

52 Analysis of cone inputs to primate parvocellular ganglion cells suggests that red-green spe

53 rimate fovea have been quantified for midget/parvocellular ganglion cells.

54 erlap most extensively include the brainstem parvocellular, gigantocellular, intermediate, and medull

55 able in early responses in layer 4Cbeta, the parvocellular-input layer, but not in the magnocellular-

56 synaptic one that provides robust magno- and parvocellular inputs to the middle temporal area (MT).

57 , these results suggest that ascending magno/parvocellular inputs to V4 are more hierarchically organ

58 pretectalis, the superficial tectum, and the parvocellular isthmic nucleus.

59 s with regard to the eye of origin or to the parvocellular, koniocellular, or magnocellular type neur

60 The lack of robust magno- and parvocellular label was not due to ineffective viral tra

61 d the variability of responses of individual parvocellular lateral geniculate neurons of dichromatic

62 organization of receptive fields in macaque parvocellular lateral geniculate nucleus cells by using

63 of increased dispersion of cell sizes in the parvocellular layer (r = 0.8, P < 0.04).

64 ctive atrophy of the smaller neurones of the parvocellular layer in the lateral geniculate nucleus, s

65 four times greater in the magnocellular than parvocellular layers (38% versus 10%).

66 nces, we screened RNA from magnocellular and parvocellular layers of adult macaque dLGN for layer-spe

67 ched both in layer IV axons originating from parvocellular layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nu

68 oid primates, cells in the magnocellular and parvocellular layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nu

69 orded from neurones in the magnocellular and parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (

70 retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) project to the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (

71 ly reduced by blocking magnocellular but not parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (

72 tract, the volumes of the magnocellular and parvocellular layers of the LGN, and the surface area an

73 ctions of eccentricity) of magnocellular and parvocellular layers to be determined after eliminating

74 suppressed activity in some areas within the parvocellular layers; the SC was inconsistently modulate

75 Parvocellular LGN neurons mapped in this manner responde

76 SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The magnocellular and parvocellular (M-P) streams are fundamental components o

77 Magnocellular versus parvocellular (M-P) streams are fundamental to the organ

78 The parvocellular magnification function matches estimates o

79 Parvocellular magnification was approximately 10,000 tim

80 erior and centromedian nuclei as well as the parvocellular, magnocellular, and caudodorsal subdivisio

81 ee parallel neuronal channels designated the parvocellular, magnocellular, and interlaminar pathways.

82 n the caudal half of the spinal, medial, and parvocellular medial vestibular nuclei.

83 We showed recently that magnocellular and parvocellular neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamic p

84 For example, an L+ center parvocellular neuron would be L+/M- in both center and s

85 Several peptidergic subtypes of parvocellular neuron, identified by single-cell reverse

86 ocellular neurones were larger than those of parvocellular neurones at similar eccentricities.

87 e that such plasticity of gene expression in parvocellular neurones has been demonstrated, and in pri

88 hGH was also expressed in parvocellular neurones in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN),

89 species magnocellular neurones differed from parvocellular neurones in that their responses (1) had h

90 Magnocellular and parvocellular neurones of the hypothalamic paraventricul

91 For although parvocellular neurones of the paraventricular nucleus no

92 the synthesis of vasopressin is increased in parvocellular neurones of the paraventricular nucleus, t

93 magnocellular neurones and type II, putative parvocellular neurones of the PVN can be attributed to t

94 of the differences between magnocellular and parvocellular neurones that have been described in the m

95 the response properties of magnocellular and parvocellular neurones.

96 ally strong on average for magnocellular and parvocellular neurones.

97 ol mechanism, although this was not seen for parvocellular neurones.

98 ority of corticotropin-releasing factor-like parvocellular neurons also expressed Fos-like protein fo

99 ly stronger among magnocellular neurons than parvocellular neurons and that suppression arises too qu

100 tized animal, we show that magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the alert animal respond to vis

101 creasing responses of both magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the first relay between retina

102 In summary, though variability of parvocellular neurons is largely independent of the way

103 In vivo activity of "presympathetic" parvocellular neurons is suppressed by tonic inhibition

104 otropin-releasing hormone (CRH), produced by parvocellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricula

105 s of the central nucleus of the amygdala and parvocellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricula

106 ons, also known to directly innervate medial parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular hypothalami

107 c (CA) neurons (A1/C1, A2/C2) project to the parvocellular neurons of the PVN, possess glucocorticoid

108 VN cells were classified as magnocellular or parvocellular neurons on the basis of electrophysiologic

109 Unexpectedly, both magnocellular and parvocellular neurons received inhibitory synaptic input

110 Red-green opponent parvocellular neurons received opponent cone input (L+M-

111 Conversely, non-opponent parvocellular neurons showed the opposite tendency.

112 ted ER-beta-IR, and the absence of FOS-IR in parvocellular neurons that retain ER-beta-IR suggest a r

113 1a deletion eliminates responsiveness of PVN parvocellular neurons to Ang-II, and suggest that Ang-II

114 inal circuitry may augment specialization of parvocellular neurons to signal luminance or chromatic c

115 ergic (DBH) terminal immunoreactivity on PVN parvocellular neurons using immunofluorescence confocal

116 By contrast, pCREB was induced in parvocellular neurons with a time course parallel to tha

117 For parvocellular neurons with pronounced colour opponency,

118 because ER-beta-IR remained unaltered in PVN parvocellular neurons.

119 nd a surrounding shell composed primarily of parvocellular neurons.

120 cell size was seen for magnocellular versus parvocellular neurons.

121 nuclear group of thalamus, and hypothalamic parvocellular neurons.

122 Small assemblies of hypothalamic "parvocellular" neurons release their neuroendocrine sign

123 al interaction in both PVN magnocellular and parvocellular neurosecretory cells.

124 trical footshock induces c-fos expression in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons expressing corticot

125 excitatory glutamatergic synaptic inputs to parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the hypothalamic

126 receptors are localized predominantly to the parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the paraventricu

127 nces of genes encoding ACTH secretagogues in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the paraventricu

128 A did not change significantly in either the parvocellular or magnocellular division of the PVN after

129 In primate visual pathways, inputs from parvocellular or magnocellular layers of the lateral gen

130 that magnocellular, or type I neurones, and parvocellular, or type II neurones, of the PVN express d

131 The PVN also harbors parvocellular OT cells that project to the brainstem and

132 , we identified a subset of approximately 30 parvocellular OT neurons, with collateral projections on

133 sually driven activity in magnocellular (M), parvocellular (P) and koniocellular (K) layers of the LG

134 separate tissue compartments related to the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) layers of the la

135 ation: layers 3Bbeta, 4, and 6 of V1 and the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) layers of the LG

136 As expected, cells in the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) layers received

137 We found that parvocellular (P) cells (the more numerous and color-sen

138 cellular (M) cells but essentially absent in parvocellular (P) cells and neurons that received input

139 niculate nucleus (LGN) magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) cells our goal was to construct a phys

140 llular (M) visual pathway, with little or no parvocellular (P) contribution.

141 ties of neurons in the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) divisions of the LGN were qualitativel

142 ntially stimulating magnocellular (M) versus parvocellular (P) ganglion cells.

143 ular (M) pathway to clear threat, and of the parvocellular (P) pathway to threat ambiguity.

144 athway and that midget RGCs give rise to the parvocellular (P) pathway.

145 onse properties of the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) pathways, with their ON and OFF pathwa

146 s class I neurons whose axonal arbors target parvocellular (P) recipient layer 4Cbeta receive input f

147 parallel pathways: the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) streams that project to separate layer

148 recombines inputs from magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) streams to create functionally special

149 t relay cell classes, the magnocellular (M), parvocellular (P), and koniocellular (K) cells.

150 e the sensory signal into magnocellular (M), parvocellular (P), and koniocellular (K) streams.

151 The volume of parvocellular (P), magnocellular (M), and koniocellular

152 Both the magnocellular (M)- and the parvocellular (P)-cell populations scale allometrically

153 ng via parallel pathways (magnocellular [M], parvocellular [P], and koniocellular [K]) from the thala

154 s innervate the functionally specific (e.g., parvocellular [P], magnocellular [M], and koniocellular

155 eurones (25 %) were located in the posterior parvocellular (PaPo) subnucleus, and were oriented perpe

156 arius (NST), frontal cerebral cortex and the parvocellular paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN)

157 ined in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, parvocellular paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, and

158 ere markedly depleted in the BNST and medial parvocellular paraventricular hypothalamus (PVNmp) in DS

159 one (CRH) mRNA expression in the dorsomedial parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (pPVN) and increas

160 nduction of c-fos and/or NGFI-B mRNAs in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (pPVN) has been do

161 ropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (pPVN) play a key

162 rcuate (ARC), ventromedial (VMN) nucleus and parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (PVN).

163 Fos staining 6 hours after LPS included the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamu

164 nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial parvocellular paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamu

165 nucleus, midline nuclei), and hypothalamus (parvocellular paraventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus,

166 and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei, the lateral parvocellular part of the basal accessory amygdaloid nuc

167 f the hypothalamus (DMHv), and to the medial parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus (PVHmp

168 uble-labeled fibers were found mainly in the parvocellular part of the PVH (PVHp).

169 (VLa) of the ventral lateral nucleus and the parvocellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus (VApc

170 fibers and nerve terminals were found in the parvocellular parts of the PVN, with highest concentrati

171 umed to be carried by neural channels in the parvocellular pathway and to be encoded in an opponent m

172 ich does not have the characteristics of the parvocellular pathway and which is responsive to fast fl

173 pmental epoch critical for magnocellular and parvocellular pathway formation.

174 ile the more sustained ganglion cells of the parvocellular pathway have comparatively lower temporal

175 emyelination for either the magnocellular or parvocellular pathway in established multiple sclerosis.

176 likely to be more strongly influenced by the parvocellular pathway than previously believed.

177 But is the parvocellular pathway the only way that colours can be d

178 e post-chiasmal visual pathway, and that the parvocellular pathway was more affected than the magnoce

179 to stimuli that biased processing toward the parvocellular pathway were not significantly different b

180 utes that are predominantly processed in the Parvocellular pathway will lead to rivalry, and differen

181 ithin the magnocellular pathway, but not the parvocellular pathway, exhibit voltage-gated sodium (NaV

182 lar pathway and mostly in the cortex for the parvocellular pathway.

183 ts, colour discrimination is mediated by the parvocellular pathway.

184 layers II and III, which are linked with the parvocellular pathway.

185 ent in magnocellular-pathway (MC) but not in parvocellular-pathway (PC) retinal ganglion cells of the

186 rentially bias activity in magnocellular and parvocellular pathways based on well established differe

187 ual system is divided into magnocellular and parvocellular pathways which project to dorsal and ventr

188 ts of discrete subcortical magnocellular and parvocellular pathways, which project preferentially to

189 neurones (52 %) were located in the ventral parvocellular (PaV) subnucleus, and showed an oblique or

190 amblyopia under conditions favoring inferred parvocellular (PC) or magnocellular (MC) pathway mediati

191 Parvocellular (PC) pathway cell responses to compound an

192 ast processing by the magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) pathways.

193 he number of neurons in the three subnuclei (parvocellular, pc; densocellular, dc; magnocellular, mc)

194 ssential role for the intermediate (IRt) and parvocellular (PCRt) reticular formation (RF) in consumm

195 field, comprising the intermediate (IRt) and parvocellular (PCRt) RF, or in the nucleus gigantocellul

196 POA (gPOA), but not in the magnocellular or parvocellular POA, increased only when females were disp

197 pontine nuclei, inferior colliculus and the parvocellular portion of the medial vestibular nucleus.

198 hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) and parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nuclei (PVN

199 nd for CRF receptor type 1 (CRF-R(1)) in the parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus (PV

200 t prominently in the supraoptic nucleus, the parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus, an

201 mia, but the densest Fos-li was found in the parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus.

202 characteristics, reflecting the activity of parvocellular post-receptoral mechanisms.

203 -lir) cell groups were found in the anterior parvocellular, posterior parvocellular, and magnocellula

204 ior, whereas AVT-ir neuronal features in the parvocellular preoptic area (pPOA) should have a negativ

205 The parvocellular preoptic area itself is also vocally activ

206 ateral geniculate nucleus (magnocellular and parvocellular), primary visual cortex (simple and comple

207 receive convergent input from the magno- and parvocellular processing streams.

208 g factor (CRF) heteronuclear (hn) RNA in the parvocellular PVH and a more subtle, although reliable,

209 ment, Fos induction limited primarily to the parvocellular PVH.

210 tor were found to be decreased in the medial parvocellular PVN (mpPVN) by 48.3% relative to control a

211 Staining in the parvocellular PVN (PVN(p)) was predominantly as varicose

212 -positive varicosities identified within the parvocellular PVN in four rats, approximately 36% formed

213 support a role for glucose-sensitive VMN and parvocellular PVN neurons in the weight gain phenotype s

214 Parvocellular PVN neurons project to sympathoexcitatory

215 ese latter areas correlated with that in the parvocellular PVN, and suggests that their interaction m

216 NR1 and NR2A/2B are expressed in the medial parvocellular PVN, indicating the potential for NMDA rec

217 ust in the dorsolateral region of the medial parvocellular PVN, suggesting localization in corticotro

218 eactive cell bodies and dendrites within the parvocellular PVN.

219 d/or decreased inhibitory innervation of the parvocellular PVN.

220 om revealing the fine structure of the small parvocellular receptive fields in the primate fovea in v

221 ectivity between the thalamus and the medial parvocellular region of the hypothalamic paraventricular

222 in GAL-synthesizing neurons in the anterior parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus (aPV

223 This is the anterior parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus (aPV

224 elled included the lateral hypothalamus, the parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus, and

225 tive effect on the magnocellular than on the parvocellular regions of the LGN.

226 optic area, posterior magnocellular, and the parvocellular regions of the paraventricular nucleus, su

227 cellular responses were transient, red-green parvocellular responses were more sustained, and blue-on

228 es, and of immunoreactive cell bodies in the parvocellular reticular and peritrigeminal areas surroun

229 The dorsal parvocellular reticular formation (PCRt) receives projec

230 ial nucleus, as well as those neurons of the parvocellular reticular formation that project to both f

231 he smallest calretinin-positive cells of the parvocellular reticular formation which were generally n

232 (torus semicircularis, octavolateralis area, parvocellular reticular formation), many of the ASP-immu

233 inent descending projection to the medullary parvocellular reticular formation, a projection nearly n

234 tes in the waist area project to the lateral parvocellular reticular formation, a region implicated i

235 alic trigeminal nucleus (Vme) project to the parvocellular reticular nucleus (PCRt) and dorsomedial s

236 I neurons in three specific RF subdivisions: parvocellular reticular nucleus (PCRt), intermediate ret

237 etinin mRNA was particularly abundant in the parvocellular reticular nucleus.

238 fibers innervating the magnocellular and the parvocellular segments of the dlgn.

239 oded in an opponent manner, while other, non-parvocellular, spectrally non-opponent channels are thou

240 llular stimuli had a lower contrast than the parvocellular stimuli, they were recognized faster and j

241 ormation useful for motion analysis, and the parvocellular stream, which carries information useful f

242 r-stream-recipient layer 4Calpha neurons and parvocellular-stream-recipient layer 4Cbeta neurons.

243 lecular differentiation of magnocellular and parvocellular streams through the primate dLGN.

244 th pro-TRH was found in <10% of the anterior parvocellular subdivision neurons.

245 he cingulate cortex, frontal cortex, and the parvocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus

246 rn of expression in the rostral ventromedial parvocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus

247 othalamus, and ventral portion of the medial parvocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus

248 in postinjection, particularly in the medial parvocellular subdivision of the PVN.

249 65% of detectable CRH neurons in the medial parvocellular subdivision of the rat PVN.

250 neuronal number in the mediodorsal nucleus, parvocellular subdivision, and pulvinar was significantl

251 and to 34% of pro-TRH neurons in the medial parvocellular subdivision, establishing synaptic contact

252 RT neurons in the periventricular and medial parvocellular subdivisions accumulated Fluoro-Gold after

253 us work has shown that the magnocellular and parvocellular subdivisions of the dorsal lateral genicul

254 ty of pro-TRH mRNA-containing neurons in all parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN and established as

255 neurons in the anterior and periventricular parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN and to 34% of pro-

256 90% of proTRH neurons, respectively, in all parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN, and by ultrastruc

257 In the medial and periventricular parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN, CART was co-conta

258 pole of the nucleus, densely innervating all parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN.

259 st concentrations in the anterior and medial parvocellular subdivisions.

260 and PNMT-immunoreactive fibers in the medial parvocellular subnucleus, dorsal division (PVNmpd) and p

261 nucleus, particulary the rostral half of the parvocellular subnucleus.

262 The parvocellular subparafascicular nucleus of the thalamus

263 The parvocellular subparafascicular thalamic nucleus (SPFp)

264 lso a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in the parvocellular suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).

265 clei compared with a much lower level in the parvocellular suprachiasmatic nucleus.

266 of-phase for preferential stimulation of the parvocellular system and in-phase for preferential stimu

267 ed not be mediated by neural mechanisms, the parvocellular system in particular, normally assumed to

268 xperiment 1 and towards the magnocellular or parvocellular system using low versus high spatial frequ

269 topsic patient showed evidence of a residual parvocellular system.

270 d that this patient lacks a working opponent parvocellular system.

271 within the brain from both magnocellular and parvocellular systems of the hypothalamus has diverse ef

272 in both the neurosecretory magnocellular and parvocellular vasopressinergic systems in both genotypes

273 of excitatory neurotransmission through the parvocellular visual channel.

274 trast in order to emphasize magnocellular or parvocellular visual pathway activity.

275 th increased binocularity is specific to the parvocellular visual pathway, consistent with recent evi

276 nd without dyslexia, using magnocellular and parvocellular visual stimuli presented either with or wi