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1 cues (landmark navigation) or internal cues (path integration).
2 nt through space or self-generated movement (path integration).
3  fundamental role in landmark navigation and path integration.
4  and entorhinal cortex are not essential for path integration.
5 ers being discriminable only on the basis of path integration.
6  a rate proportional to velocity, to achieve path integration.
7 e hippocampus, thereby facilitating accurate path integration.
8 idance by landmarks may override guidance by path integration.
9 rics derived from movement is referred to as path integration.
10 el environment, a process thought to require path integration.
11 ion representation must have been updated by path integration.
12 complex of a bee has inspired a new model of path integration.
13  in which grid cells could function in human path integration.
14 tal cortex, were recruited during successful path integration.
15 captured in any previously proposed model of path integration.
16  using a combination of visual landmarks and path integration.
17 iple redundant directions for the purpose of path integration.
18 l region have been proposed to contribute to path integration.
19 hippocampal-entorhinal network contribute to path integration.
20  of entorhinal grid cells and the process of path integration.
21  numerous confounding variables when testing path integration.
22 s a "look-up" table for the correct speed of path integration.
23 been proposed to represent a neural code for path integration.
24 mechanism to facilitate the correct speed of path integration.
25 eir spatial relationships to each other, and path integration.
26 ltiple scales, which perform linear velocity path integration.
27 tioning task in which navigation depended on path integration.
28 rategies: the following of landmark cues and path integration.
29 general class of systems that performs exact path integration.
30 ystem, are thought to underlie navigation by path integration.
31 3 forms of navigation: beacon, landmark, and path integration.
32                       They rely primarily on path integration [3] for navigation and, in addition, us
33                              They do this by path integration, a common navigational process in which
34 or attractor dynamic mechanisms that perform path integration, a computation requiring information ab
35 ric (world-centered) spatial codes driven by path integration accumulate error unless reset by enviro
36 o successfully learn two different speeds of path integration across two different axonal conduction
37                 Thus, when mismatches occur, path integration and external cues interact competitivel
38 are responsive to the same cues that support path integration and landmark navigation.
39 TN and ADN contribute to navigation based on path integration and landmarks, disruption of the head d
40 been made in clarifying the relation between path integration and other navigational strategies.
41  entorhinal cortex (cMEC) is specialized for path integration and spatial navigation.
42 ese cells, we propose a complete circuit for path integration and steering in the central complex, wi
43 itially, by navigational strategies, such as path integration and the ant's innate responses to landm
44 mating self-location as a compromise between path-integration and environmental information.
45 gnals are sufficient for animal navigation ("path integration") and for updating hippocampal location
46 g self-motion cues (sometimes referred to as path integration), and it has been suggested that the hi
47 mediated by at least 3 mechanisms: guidance, path integration, and landmark learning.
48  that landmark-based orientation and angular path integration are combined in the population response
49 fficient for computing a homing vector using path integration are located outside the hippocampus.
50 computational models of grid cell firing use path integration based on movement direction and the ass
51    Ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom, path integration-based navigation allows an animal to ta
52  circuit as a potential neural substrate for path integration-based spatial navigation.
53 terned locations and are proposed to support path-integration-based navigation.
54 ested that combining sensory information and path integration best explains the experimental sharpeni
55  place cells and grid cells as important for path integration, but underlying models of path integrat
56  is proposed for how the brain might perform path integration by computing the next internal represen
57 rd type of guidance is based on a process of path integration by which an insect monitors its distanc
58 ially periodic responses and the capacity of path integration can arise through synaptic plasticity,
59 tion complex (hMT+) covaried with individual path integration capability.
60 nce indicates that angular and translational path integration contributes to the firing of head direc
61 iative fear conditioning, operant avoidance, path integration, discrimination, and spatial navigation
62 d posterior parietal cortex, are involved in path integration during navigation.
63 miliar environment and show that patterns of path integration error are predicted qualitatively by a
64  Our network model is able to perform robust path integration even when the recurrent connections are
65 e newly discovered speed neurons can support path integration for the holonomic motion (i.e., a groun
66 f specific Fourier components coupled with a path integration gain reduction, which raises the overal
67 owever, the necessity of the hippocampus for path integration has not been clearly established.
68                      Although many models of path integration have been proposed, no known single the
69 l, crabs combine information from vision and path integration in an unusual manner.
70 interoceptive influences on action (in which path integration in darkness must rely solely on interoc
71 r path integration, but underlying models of path integration in humans have rarely been studied.
72  asymmetries between horizontal and vertical path integration in humans.
73 The most notable advance in our knowledge of path integration in insects is a new understanding of ho
74                      The neural substrate of path integration in mammals may exist in grid cells, whi
75           We carried out parallel studies of path integration in patients with medial temporal lobe l
76 humans is the study of spatial navigation by path integration in rodents.
77       Hippocampal and control rats both used path integration in solving these tasks and did not diff
78 t grid cells in mice cannot perform accurate path integration in the absence of reliable visual cues.
79 the hippocampal formation performs a form of path integration in updating place cell firing; however,
80 this behavior is best explained by a form of path integration in which the flies use idiothetic cues
81 f of the place cells conformed to a model of path integration in which the presence of visual cues at
82 rticular the evidence against a map based on path integration, in which view-based and path integrati
83 ex, and parahippocampal cortex in support of path integration, including a homing vector system that
84 tractor network in dMEC may be the source of path integration information afferent to hippocampus.
85 from the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) and path integration information from the medial entorhinal
86                                              Path integration is a widespread navigational strategy i
87    In simulations, we show that the speed of path integration is not significantly affected by degrad
88 epresentations of location, and suggest that path integration is performed by integrating displacemen
89                               Whereas animal path integration is predominantly supported by the head-
90                                              Path integration is presumed to rely on self-motion cues
91 tudy provides the first evidence that visual path integration is related to the dynamic interplay of
92 te that distance estimation by humans during path integration is sensitive to geometric deformations
93             This behavioral demonstration of path integration is supported by the discovery of place
94                                              Path integration is the continual updating of position a
95                        On unfamiliar ground, path integration is the only available means of navigati
96  that grid cell odometry (and by implication path integration) is impaired or absent in the vertical
97 refully studied return to target areas using path integration, landmark recognition, compass orientat
98 for central complex connectivity, from which path integration may have evolved.
99 ei might constitute the postulated attractor-path integration mechanism, and that they provide the HD
100 t, thereby requiring participants to rely on path integration mechanisms for successful navigation.
101                                   When using path integration mechanisms in first person and third pe
102  stable HD cell representation maintained by path integration mechanisms when the rat walked between
103  and the overlying neocortex are involved in path integration mechanisms, which enable an animal to m
104 on path integration, in which view-based and path integration memories might be combined.
105   Our theory subsumes several existing exact path integration models as special cases.
106 In this paper we propose a model of velocity path integration of head direction in which the natural
107 ction cell system learns to perform accurate path integration of head direction.
108                         This is known as the path integration of head direction.
109  performed in darkness is thought to reflect path integration of motion-related information.
110 t that these cells rely, in part, on angular path integration of the rat's head movements.
111 ts from some internal dynamic process (e.g., path integration or "momentum") and is not a result of m
112 stem either performs highly precise internal path integration or implements an external landmark-base
113 r cortex suggests that it may play a role in path integration or navigational motor planning.
114 memory of the barrier location combined with path integration, or the firing may depend upon the appa
115                 Here we investigated whether path integration performance and the activity of grid ce
116  form of dead reckoning [1] [2] [3] known as path integration (PI) [4].
117 and a sun-based compass to provide input for path integration (PI).
118                                              Path integration, place cells, and head direction cells
119 ance for finding unexpected solutions to the path integration problem.
120 le completion paradigm to test whether human path integration recruits a cortical system similar to t
121                                              Path integration refers to the use of self-movement cues
122                                              Path integration requires that the brain use the speed a
123                      The recursive nature of path integration results in accumulating error and, with
124  led to the suggestion that they represent a path integration signal, tracking the organism's positio
125 sed on both environmental sensory inputs and path integration signals.
126 d on a task where animals demonstrably use a path integration strategy.
127  virtual environment, and then performed the path integration task entirely in darkness.
128 an off a longer portion of their vector from path integration than did experienced ants.
129 support the notion that rats can navigate by path integration, that this ability depends on head dire
130                                              Path integration, the ability to maintain a representati
131                                              Path integration, the ability to sense self-motion for k
132 conclude that, rather than representing pure path integration, the firing of head-direction cells and
133 by learning look-up tables for each speed of path integration, the model should exhibit a degree of r
134                                              Path integration, the updating of position and orientati
135                                              Path integration then becomes a back-up strategy that is
136                     We argue that the use of path integration to perform a centered local search is n
137 n to distance information (a process called 'path integration') to maintain our spatial orientation d
138 ise behaviour, based on the internal cues of path integration, to facilitate the learning of visual l
139 rials performed under lighted conditions and path integration was tested under darkened conditions, t
140 to return to a home location without vision (path integration), we found a robust correlation between
141  island cells may contribute more to spatial path integration, whereas ocean cells may facilitate con
142 lar, we investigate a homing vector model of path integration, whereby a navigator continuously track
143 recting attention to homing vector models of path integration, which differ from current movement-tra
144 r animals stay spatially oriented is through path integration, which operates by integrating self-mot
145 potential homing vector mechanism supporting path integration, which recruits hippocampus and retrosp
146 to optimally combine location estimates from path integration with those from sensory input.

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