ライフサイエンスコーパス: paw

1 to their skeletal insertions in the autopod (paw).

2 ce displaying symptoms of arthritis in other paws).

3 of 3-5 for arthritic paws and 0 for control paws).

4 even preceding, withdrawal of the stimulated paw.

5 s of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the oedematous paw.

6 ed paw 4- to 5-fold more than in the control paw.

7 injection of complete Freund adjuvant in the paw.

8 muL, 10%) in the plantar surface of the hind paw.

9 n the injured (but not in the contralateral) paw.

10 ter, a noxious stimulus was delivered to the paw.

11 th traumatic injury to the cornea from a dog paw.

12 nt movements, including movement of limb and paw.

13 rsed to a tendency to drag the dorsum of the paws.

14 d adjustments of the torso and un-stimulated paws.

15 etabolites between the control and arthritic paws.

16 to the proximal joints of the front and hind paws.

17 lack of pigment on the belly, tail tip, and paws.

18 ieval of proxies by TracMouse for individual paws.

19 tration into different organs, including the paws.

20 llowing noxious heat stimulation of the hind paws.

21 (4) rats treated with formalin into the hind paw 30 min after subcutaneous morphine injection (morphi

22 (2) rats treated with FORMALIN into the hind paw 30 min after subcutaneous normal saline injection, (

23 -10 accumulated specifically in the inflamed paw 4- to 5-fold more than in the control paw.

24 4 residue of the Spt5 nonapeptide repeat T(1)PAW(4)NSGSK.

25 n lentivirus was directly delivered to mouse paws a synthetic promoter demonstrated excellent activat

26 ile bacterial signatures predominate in Bear Paw; a finding consistent with those of Genbank BLAST.

27 velop hyperalgesia and allodynia in the hind paw after L5 spinal nerve ligation.

28 Having established facial and hind-paw allodynia as a useful animal surrogate of headache-a

29 Facial and hind-paw allodynia associated with dural stimulation is a use

30 IM elicited robust facial and hind-paw allodynia, which peaked within 3 hours.

31 nitoring purposes, clinicians rely mostly on Paw and flow waveforms.

32 From both Bear Paw and Octopus hot springs, each assembled contig had m

33 While viral metagenomes from Bear Paw and Octopus share some similarity, the genome signat

34 agenomes obtained from two hot springs, Bear Paw and Octopus, in Yellowstone National Park, as they r

35 t develop mechanical hypersensitivity of the paw and showed greater levels of physical activity.

36 Surprisingly, the central arbors of plantar paw and trunk innervating nociceptors have distinct morp

37 nspection (clinical index of 3 for arthritic paws and 0 for control paws) and histologic examination

38 ation (histologic score of 3-5 for arthritic paws and 0 for control paws).

39 ning withdrawal thresholds in the joints and paws and by measuring their physical activity levels.

40 sponse to mechanical stimulation of the hind paws and face.

41 d mechanical allodynia occurred in both hind paws and forepaws by 7 d postlesion and were maintained

42 by measurement of ankle swelling in the hind paws and histologic examination.

43 rved with an increase in IL-17 levels in the paws and in Th17 lymphocytes in the draining lymph nodes

44 Articular cartilage was harvested from the paws and knees of 5- and 6-month-old wild-type (WT) mice

45 wed findings of inflammation in the affected paws and no signs of arthritis in the control paws at bo

46 al ablation of interdigital webbing on mouse paws and normal lymphocyte homeostasis require the coope

47 17 production from CD4+ T cells in arthritic paws and splenic NK cell cytotoxic effector functions in

48 The difference between airway pressure (Paw) and Pes is a valid estimate of transpulmonary press

49 s neurons with RFs on the distal limb (wrist/paw) and slow-conducting PTNs typically showed peak firi

50 ex of 3 for arthritic paws and 0 for control paws) and histologic examination (histologic score of 3-

51 a-endorphin levels increased in the inflamed paw, and this increase and the antihyperalgesic effects

52 ity and structural differences between mouse paw/ankle GAGs and elbows/knee GAGs correlated with the

53 ferences in the forward motion of individual paws are fully accounted for by changes in walking speed

54 on, but maintained in the contralateral hind paw at control levels.

55 SC560 increased withdrawal latencies in both paws at 1 and 5hours after carrageenan administration.

56 old increase (P<0.001) in signal in inflamed paws at 8 hours following injection of anti-E-selectin a

57 aws and no signs of arthritis in the control paws at both visible inspection (clinical index of 3 for

58 to graded mechanical stimulation of the hind paws (brush, pressure, and pinch).

59 isplayed higher accumulation in the inflamed paw but also had higher accumulation in the control paw,

60 spread K8 expression in glabrous skin of the paws, but in the whisker pads and body skin ectopic K8+

61 n asymmetry in adhesive dot removal from the paws, but not in forelimb use in a cylinder or amphetami

62 d analgesia to mechanical stimulation of the paw by an opioid-dependent mechanism.

63 enuation of PGE2-induced hyperalgesia in the paw by the knockdown of NMDAR subunits NR1, NR2B, NR2D,

64 lactate was measured in inflamed and control paws by using (13)C MR spectroscopy.

65 s were evaluated by visual inspection of the paws, by histochemical analysis of tissue sections, and

66 DFT-PAW calculations accurately reproduce changes in electro

67 In this study, DFT-PAW calculations are calibrated against all-electron, re

68 TLQP-21-stimulated macrophages into rat hind paw caused mechanical hypersensitivity.

69 in which carrageenan injection into the hind paw causes hypersensitivity to heat stimuli, TNF-alpha m

70 l killer (NK) and CD4+ T cells, in arthritic paw cell isolates.

71 a heightened signal transmission for plantar paw circuits, as revealed by both spinal cord slice reco

72 Paw circumference, thermal pain behavior, and histology

73 robust increase in serotonin content in the paws combined with less inflammation.

74 was also significantly increased in inflamed paws compared with control paws (P < .03).

75 ymph nodes, liver, kidneys, spleen, and hind paw containing the injection site were removed and weigh

76 at compounds led to reduction in swelling of paws, cytokine levels, and anticollagen IgG1/IgG2a level

77 ies within nuclei in typical molecules, when PAW datasets constructed with finite nuclei are used.

78 also had higher accumulation in the control paw, demonstrating a reduced signal-to-background ratio.

79 : (i) principal identification of anatomical paw details frame-by-frame by an experimentally blinded

80 rDAO inactivation produced paw drag during locomotion and a deficit in grasping the

81 as the foot trajectory as well as diminished paw drag often observed after hemisection.SIGNIFICANCE S

82 gional inflammatory response develops in the paw-draining lymph nodes by an IL-17-dependent mechanism

83 ures the ratio of change in Pes to change in Paw during inspiratory efforts against a closed airway.

84 ctivity by reducing neutrophil infiltration, paw edema and proinflammatory cytokine expression.

85 ffects of spinal adrenal transplants on hind paw edema and the anterograde transport of substance P (

86 owed a concentration dependent inhibition on paw edema development after carrageenan treatment in mic

87 rescence imaging in vivo in a mouse model of paw edema generated by local injection of TNFalpha as we

88 ing enzyme inhibitors potentiated TCT-evoked paw edema in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and C5-deficient A/J mice

89 utaneous DX-2930 reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats.

90 line) and using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model on rats.

91 9 xenografted tumor mouse model and a murine paw edema model, good bioavailability, and no significan

92 lammation in vivo in the carrageenan-induced paw edema mouse model.

93 Animals with either CIA or TNFalpha-induced paw edema were injected with anti-E-selectin or control

94 Hind paw edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and osteoclas

95 thacin partially blocked and did not reverse paw edema, suggesting that gait alterations must be prim

96 nistration of KLK14 results in C3-associated paw edema.

97 ow symmetric divisions can work to stabilize paw epidermis lineage, which experiences high level of m

98 expresses firefly luciferase (luc2p) in the paw epidermis--the region of murine epidermis that most

99 lifetime of individual cells in the ear and paw epidermis.

100 Paw flexing duration was decreased in both sexes during

101 ar capsaicin produced dose- and time-related paw flinch responses in ICR and CB(1)WT mice and induced

102 obust formalin-evoked edema, as well as hind paw flinching, was observed in striated muscle control-t

103 rupt withdrawal signs (ie, platform jumping, paw flutters, head shakes, diarrhea, and total body weig

104 Relative to hind paws, forepaws performed ~4 times more steps, they were

105 put needed for a complex, goal-directed fore-paw function and re-establishes synaptic transmission to

106 At pressure <6 GPa, the PAW-GGA can be described by a Birch-Murnaghan equation o

107 the brachial artery (BAO) induces increased paw-guarding behaviors, mechanical hypersensitivity, and

108 omotion was unsteady and high lifting of the paws had reversed to a tendency to drag the dorsum of th

109 ing the projector augmented wave method (DFT-PAW), has advantages in greater speed and compatibility

110 d hyperkeratosis on the volar surface of the paws (i.e., palmoplantar keratoderma), increased keratin

111 assigned to five groups; each had both hind paws immersed in water at different temperatures (no hea

112 nd time-to-remove the adhesive tape from the paw in a severity-dependent manner, indicating that our

113 AP increased rostrally, at L3 segment, after paw incision (day 4) and only Iba1 increased following L

114 Following paw incision and at spinal L5 segment GFAP expression wa

115 horn on day 4 and dissipated on day 7 after paw incision in parallel with the allodynia.

116 Rats that experience hind-paw incision injury at 3 days of age, display an increas

117 d wild-type and MKP-3 knock-out (KO) mice, a paw incision model of acute postoperative pain, and beha

118 Hind paw incision was used in separate groups of animals to m

119 Rats underwent paw incision, L5 nerve exposure or L5 nerve transection

120 ults showed that (1) the mean BP of the left paw increased significantly following formalin injection

121 e injection of carrageenin into the rat hind paw induced a decrease in the mechanical nociceptive thr

122 locked fractalkine (i.gl.)- and carrageenin (paw)-induced hypernociception.

123 t anti-DCC, antibodies significantly reduced paw inflammation (clinical score: 9.8 +/- 0.8, 10.4 +/-

124 croMT(-/-) mice (B-cell deficient) developed paw inflammation at a similar rate and severity as WT mi

125 and thermal-pain hypersensitivity after hind-paw inflammation compared with wild-type littermates.

126 model of low back pain) and by a peripheral paw inflammation model.

127 and display significant inhibition in mouse paw inflammation models when delivered by lentivirus or

128 o in RAW264.7 cells and in vivo in mice with paw inflammation that is induced by lipopolysaccharide (

129 Paw inflammation was maximal 2 wk after injection.

130 g with CXCR4 function in three mouse models: paw inflammation, Matrigel plug angiogenesis, and uveal

131 n antinociceptive effect in rats with a hind paw inflammation, without exhibiting characteristic CB1

132 t ganglion cytokine levels without affecting paw inflammation.

133 sed behavioral responses and paw swelling to paw injection of complete Freund's adjuvant, a model of

134 of CD68/ED-1+, CD3+, and RANKL+ cells in the paws; interleukin-6 (transcript and protein) levels were

135 Sensitivity was lost in the hind paw ipsilateral to spinal nerve ligation, but maintained

136 Pes helps determine what fraction of Paw is applied to overcome lung and chest wall elastance

137 Electrical stimulation of the rat paw is commonly used to study the hemodynamic, metabolic

138 stration reduced joint leukocytes as well as paw joint eicosanoids, clinical scores, and edema.

139 regulated endogenous RvD3 levels in inflamed paw joints and its potent actions in reducing murine art

140 decreased proinflammatory cytokines in their paw joints, there were significant functional and histol

141 ntrol and healing of the degeneration of the paws' joints, concomitantly with the systemic activation

142 ed albino mice by 80% from capsaicin-induced paw licking and recovered it by 60% from carrageenan-ind

143 ytic lesions to the MT would have attenuated paw licking behavior during the second phase of the form

144 evious research demonstrating attenuation of paw licking behavior in the second phase of the formalin

145 lesions were found to have slightly elevated paw licking behavior, but only across two time points.

146 Swiss Albino mice through capsaicin induced paw lickings and dextran induced inflammation showed tha

147 Interestingly, a Cd(S-Au-S)3 "paw-like" surface motif is observed for the first time i

148 ributed, potential evolutionary intermediate PawS-Like1 (PawL1), which is matured into storage albumi

149 ly postsurgical edema and significantly less paw lymphedema compared with vehicle-treated animals at

150 d a greater preference for using their right paw; males were significantly more inclined to adopt the

151 versible, dose-dependent attenuation of hind paw mechanical allodynia for up to 1h after administrati

152 ard deviation, 0.52 +/- 0.16) versus control paws (median lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, 0.27; mean lacta

153 e in the amount of (13)C-lactate in inflamed paws (median lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, 0.50; mean lacta

154 ation of a D1 antagonist seems to facilitate paw-mediated increases in evoked firing.

155 e and Fuselloviridae, while none of the Bear Paw metagenome is predicted to belong to archaeal viruse

156 s are combined, each of the Octopus and Bear Paw metagenomic contigs are predicted to belong to virus

157 exhibited a more severe phenotype than claw paw mice and had gliogenic defects in sensory, sympathet

158 w steps were classified as exploratory, hind paw movement as locomotive.

159 f cortical sites, a specific pattern of limb-paw movement combination did exist.

160 ned on the wrist and middle digits (limb and paw movement, respectively).

161 29-36 Hz rhythm in the STN was modulated by paw movement.

162 , retraction, elevation) and four classes of paw movements (opening, closure, opening/closure sequenc

163 Four categories of limb-paw movements resembling behavioral repertoire were iden

164 , MPCs fail to migrate distally, and ventral paw muscles fail to form.

165 e mutated gene in spontaneously arising claw paw mutant mice), but Lgi4 is not known to play any role

166 ory activities of EDP were assessed in mouse paw oedema induced by lambda-carrageenan (Carr).

167 implanted subcutaneously on the dorsal hind paw of C57 mice while the tumor-free contralateral leg s

168 mal hyperalgesia when injected into the hind paw of mice.

169 e when injected subcutaneously into the hind paw of mice.

170 Arthritis was induced in the right hind paw of six rats; the left hind paw served as an internal

171 d to image arthritic lesions in the inflamed paws of 29 mice using (99m)Tc-NbV4m119 Nanobody.

172 ional significant MMR signal in nonarthritic paws of affected mice (i.e., mice displaying symptoms of

173 selectin-targeted signal was observed in the paws of animals immunized with collagen that did not dis

174 ovial cells and extended this finding to the paws of arthritic mice.

175 is was performed using RNA isolated from the paws of male and female Pgia8-congenic mice with collage

176 mplete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paws of rats.

177 neage afferents in the epidermis of the hind paws of the reporter mice showed that EGTA and MDL28170

178 strong pinch delivered to the rat posterior paw on spontaneous and current-evoked activity of PFC ne

179 the mechanical stimulus is presented to the paw on the side where the priming inducer was administer

180 omotion of intact cats required to place the paws on the rungs of a moving ladder treadmill (LTM); (2

181 challenging the skin of the calf of the hind paw or the cheek of previously sensitized mice with the

182 efficacy of icilin applied topically to the paws or intrathecally was tested in rats after spinal ne

183 eased in inflamed paws compared with control paws (P < .03).

184 cells, hemidesmosome proteins arrange in cat paw patterns, more typical of confluent, stationary cell

185 artially blocked the effects elicited by the paw pinch on cortical excitability, whereas systemic adm

186 ase in current-evoked firing elicited by the paw pinch was inversely correlated with the baseline fir

187 Following the paw pinch, pyramidal cells exhibited a significant decre

188 equiring enhanced muscle activity or skilled paw placement correlated with substantial adjustment in

189 n showed substantial improvements in skilled paw placement while walking over a horizontal ladder.

190 ring skilled movements that require accurate paw placements and trajectories like those seen during p

191 reduced pain-related behavior following hind paw plantar formalin injection in rats.

192 ments in use of the forelimb, as assessed by paw preference, paw withdrawal to tactile stimuli and th

193 gnificant positive correlation between cats' paw preferences at 6 months and at 1 year.

194 Findings indicate that cats develop paw preferences by 1 year and hint at a relative stabili

195 For the first time, the development of paw preferences in the domestic cat, Felis silvestris ca

196 t difference in the direction or strength of paw preferences of cats tested longitudinally or cross-s

197 e same cats at different ages, the subjects' paw preferences were compared with those of cats tested

198 t effect of age on the distribution of cats' paw preferences.

199 ificantly more likely to be ambilateral than paw preferent at 12 weeks and at 6 months but more likel

200 such compounds was assessed by means of the paw-pressure and incapacitance tests using an in vivo RA

201 an inducer of priming is administered in the paw, priming can be detected in spinal cord (as prolonge

202 ate the "enlarged representation" of plantar paw regions in the CNS.

203 FSTL-1 was injected into mouse paws, resulting in severe paw swelling associated with u

204 ct (CST) restore function in a directed fore-paw retrieval task and induce regeneration of severed CS

205 he mucosal cells also restored directed fore-paw retrieval.

206 Dissection of the paws revealed an additional significant MMR signal in no

207 Periorbital and hind paw sensory thresholds were measured to detect cutaneous

208 Multiple novel features pertaining to paw sequence, step lengths and exploratory touches were

209 he right hind paw of six rats; the left hind paw served as an internal control.

210 fect in the PGE2-induced hyperalgesia in the paw, showing specific involvement of NMDARs in this modu

211 n noted-higher in thickened epidermis of the paw skin as compared to ear and tail skin.

212 Paw skin blood flow, angiographic score, and capillary d

213 ted, CGRP-positive neurons projecting to the paw skin displayed elevated mechanical currents in respo

214 in the level of anandamide (AEA) in plantar paw skin ipsilateral to tumors.

215 We found that mouse plantar paw skin is also innervated by a low density of Mrgprd(+

216 sed in all tissues tested, including spleen, paw skin, lumbar dorsal root ganglia, and lumbar spinal

217 al other stratified epithelia, including the paw skin, tongue and esophagus.

218 by a decrease in the level of AEA in plantar paw skin.

219 beam unassisted, showing a reduced number of paw slips and misses.

220 phic responses to graded suprathreshold hind-paw stimuli in the 4 weeks following adult incision.

221 glia (DRG) L3-L5 ipsilateral to the affected paw suggests DRG neurons contribute to the increased FAA

222 ce, as determined by 2 independent measures, paw swelling (P < 0.01) and clinical disease score (P <

223 significantly less severe clinically evident paw swelling and deformity, less synovial and periarticu

224 ity in the affected tissues (as indicated by paw swelling and histochemical staining).

225 -17 partially inhibited the significant hind paw swelling and histopathological changes observed in B

226 In animal models, SNX-4414 fully inhibited paw swelling and improved body weight.

227 imbs, which showed robust daily variation in paw swelling and inflammatory cytokine expression.

228 changes were correlated with lower levels of paw swelling and joint damage in the rh-FcgammaRIA-treat

229 observed between serum FSTL1 levels and both paw swelling and the arthritis index.

230 Paw swelling and thickness were assessed and following e

231 Arthritis was assessed by measuring paw swelling and using a qualitative arthritis index.

232 njected into mouse paws, resulting in severe paw swelling associated with up-regulation of IFN-gamma

233 ease severity by histological evaluation and paw swelling compared with GFP gene transfer controls.

234 ntification of a lead compound which reduced paw swelling in a dose- and exposure-dependent fashion i

235 ne 1 resulted in dose-dependent reduction of paw swelling in a mouse model of arthritis.1,2 However,

236 ice deficient in IFN-gamma failed to exhibit paw swelling in response to injection of FSTL-1.

237 tion, oral administration of META060 reduced paw swelling similar to the effect of aspirin.

238 HFD also increased behavioral responses and paw swelling to paw injection of complete Freund's adjuv

239 llowing therapeutic administration of SSRIs, paw swelling was assessed and clinical scores were deter

240 Paw swelling was scored daily from induction to end poin

241 Paw swelling, bone and cartilage degradation, and levels

242 ignificant reductions in clinical scores and paw swelling.

243 otype associated with growth retardation and paw swelling.

244 geenan (2%) into genital or nongenital (hind paw, tail, cheek) regions.

245 In paws taken from the collagen-induced arthritis study, th

246 Disease score and paw thickness were measured daily.

247 atory arthritis including arthritis indices, paw thickness, cartilage damage and neutrophil infiltrat

248 Outcome measures included paw thickness, lymphatic drainage, and lymphatic vessel

249 of hyperalgesia and the release of PGE(2) in paw tissue exudates.

250 thritis (RA) synovial membrane tissue and in paw tissue from arthritic mice.

251 s, and immunohistochemistry; plasma and hind paw tissue levels of cytokines and chemokines (including

252 ollagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and reduced paw tissue levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha.

253 and protein) levels were rapidly reduced in paw tissue within 4 hours of the first dose, whereas it

254 centrations of morphine in the brain, blood, paw tissue, and in vitro confirmed the selective release

255 ivated the transcription factor NF-kappaB in paw tissues, enhancing expression of the inducible but n

256 Exposure of the hind paw to 1,500 J m(-2) UVB radiation caused an increased s

257 The use of the ipsilateral fore-paw to retrieve food pellets was studied in 55 rats with

258 GFR-3 neutralization on lymph transport from paws to draining popliteal LNs.

259 s and popliteal LNs, lymphatic drainage from paws to popliteal LNs, and the number of VEGF-C-expressi

260 challenge requiring them to use one of their paws to retrieve food.

261 development of neuropathic pain in the hind paw upon injury to the sciatic nerve, but the abnormal p

262 but more likely to display a lateral bias in paw use at 1 year.

263 nd hint at a relative stability in preferred paw use over time.

264 ters of inflammation such as ankle swelling, paw volume, cartilage damage, bone resorption, and body

265 topography of spatial locations to which the paw was directed.

266 rol groups; however, licking of the injected paw was markedly increased by the same treatment at othe

267 NKG2D expression in arthritic paws was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry.

268 , neurons with receptive fields on the wrist/paw were located more ventrally, often discharged sleep-

269 nctions of the lumbrical muscles of the hind-paw were vulnerable in both SMA and ALS, with a loss of

270 and sensory thresholds of the face and hind-paws were characterized.

271 g paths curved to the injected side, and the paws were lifted higher than normal.

272 wing euthanasia 2-4 wk after serum transfer, paws were prepared for micro-computed tomography and his

273 mparison to inflammation, rats with inflamed paws were subjected to (18)F-NaF PET imaging.

274 ro and in vivo in synovial fluid of inflamed paws, whereas expression is relatively low in other tiss

275 nd enrolled in the Peers and Wellness Study (PAWS), which examined the effects of social status on he

276 atotic calluses on Krt16(-/-) front and hind paws, which severely compromise the animals' ability to

277 t glabrous skin blood perfusion in both hind paws, while a simultaneous heart rate (HR) and DRRs were

278 re injected subcutaneously in the right hind paw with (99m)Tc-SPIONs (25-50 MBq, approximately 0.2 mg

279 L5)-DRG induced hyperalgesia in the rat hind paw with a profile similar to that of intraplantar injec

280 the rats before simultaneous imaging of both paws with (13)C MR spectroscopy.

281 am- and sodium-depleted rats were tested for paw withdrawal and lick latencies to brief noxious heat

282 o the contralateral hindpaw did not decrease paw withdrawal frequencies in the tumor-bearing hindpaw.

283 indpaw produced a dose-dependent decrease in paw withdrawal frequencies to suprathreshold von Frey fi

284 elated with recovery of function as shown by paw withdrawal from a noxious heat source.

285 n to evoke nociception, measuring changes in paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs) induced by AGS.

286 To this end, paw withdrawal latencies and serum levels of PGE2 and PG

287 Hyperalgesia, decreased paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a noxious thermal stimul

288 Chronic constriction injury (CCI) reduced paw withdrawal latency, which was maximal at 10 days pos

289 Paw withdrawal threshold and withdrawal latency (to mech

290 No differences in mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds and in escape/avoidance behavi

291 cts of electrolytic MT lesions on mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds in the L5 nerve ligation model

292 -CTX MII) dose- and time-dependently reduced paw withdrawal thresholds to mechanical pressure in norm

293 cord, rats displayed markedly decreased hind paw withdrawal thresholds, indicative of below-level neu

294 not alter the baseline mechanical or thermal paw withdrawal thresholds.

295 lesions of the MT would not alter mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds.

296 There was no significant change in paw withdrawal to noxious thermal stimuli in either geno

297 the forelimb, as assessed by paw preference, paw withdrawal to tactile stimuli and the ability to gra

298 s defined as an increase in the frequency of paw withdrawals to a suprathreshold von Frey filament (3

299 responses to thermal stimulation of the hind paw without alterations in rearing behavior or body weig

300 ceptors to produce analgesia in inflamed rat paws without major side effects such as sedation or cons