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1 or annual crops but even less extensively in perennials.
2 raits that are hard to improve in long-lived perennials.
3 s is known about the control of flowering in perennials.
4 that is associated with bud dormancy in some perennials.
5 positive role of GAs in floral transition in perennials.
6  and demonstrates the evolution of a complex perennial adaptive trait after genome duplication.
7 ents (n = 111) of food allergens, pollen and perennial aeroallergens were analysed using an immunosol
8  background of pre-existing sensitization to perennial aeroallergens, in driving the development of e
9 present a range of life histories (annual vs perennial), age (well-established vs restored) and envir
10 tibodies against pollen (odds ratio=2.2) and perennial airway allergens (odds ratio=5.6), increased F
11         The house dust mite (HDM) is a major perennial allergen source and a significant cause of all
12 quality issues affecting studies of AIT with perennial allergens in patients with AA and AR, includin
13          Increased levels of specific IgE to perennial allergens were associated with an increased as
14 ced risk of SPT reactivity to mite and other perennial allergens, and maternal ascariasis was associa
15 ng IgE antibodies against food allergens and perennial allergens, while bronchial responsiveness was
16 tion defined as a detectable specific IgE to perennial allergens.
17 ated with having IgE antibodies against only perennial allergens.
18 on in SPT reactivity to house dust mites and perennial allergens.
19                                              Perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) represents a global an
20 apy for seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR).
21 th the inferior turbinate surgery for severe perennial allergic rhinitis and intrinsic rhinitis by qu
22 nd improving QOL in the patients with severe perennial allergic rhinitis and intrinsic rhinitis, alth
23 ose-escalation pilot study, 18 subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis and sensitization to HDM wer
24 tive study, patients who were diagnosed with perennial allergic rhinitis were questioned about their
25 in intractable vasomotor rhinitis and severe perennial allergic rhinitis.
26                                              Perennials allocate more resources belowground and less
27 fee (Coffea arabica L.) is a self-compatible perennial allotetraploid species (2n=4x=44), whereas Rob
28 vulnerability to drought-induced embolism in perennial and annual organs and (2) the ability to refil
29 notation of Models Registry provides unique, perennial and location-independent identifiers for data
30 tanding of the unique biology of large woody perennials and provides a powerful tool to accelerate co
31 n the role of miRNAs in the biology of woody perennials and to illustrate their utility in directed g
32 ics nitrogen fixation, life cycle (annual or perennial), and functional group significantly influence
33 ical nondisjunctive definitions of seasonal, perennial, and food sensitization with respect to atopic
34 tly by shifting its lifecycle from annual to perennial, and indirectly by releasing the native from c
35 ain the large belowground allocation of wild perennials, and thus can provide desired regulatory ecos
36 weed species (bloom forming/nonbloom forming/perennial/annual) in the laboratory, in tanks in an indo
37 nmental studies have failed to demonstrate a perennial aquatic reservoir of toxigenic V. cholerae aro
38 ion in patients with seasonal and those with perennial AR.
39 isms underlying growth and dormancy in woody perennials are largely unknown.
40          In surveys, native populations were perennial below 25.8 degrees N but only annual populatio
41 s yield in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), a perennial bioenergy crop, because later flowering allows
42 contrast, replacement of annual with diverse perennial bioenergy crops (e.g., mixed grasses and forbs
43 lt from hypothetical conversion of annual to perennial bioenergy crops across the central United Stat
44                            Here we show that perennial bioenergy crops provide an alternative to annu
45  the benefits of a biofuel industry based on perennial bioenergy crops, rather than corn ethanol and
46 terial, focusing on biomass derived from the perennial bioenergy grass Miscanthus.
47                                              Perennial biomass from grasslands managed for conservati
48  strategies have been extensively studied in perennials, but few have addressed them and their geneti
49       Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial C4 grass with the potential to become a major
50 adapted) and lowland (mesic) ecotypes of the perennial C4 grass,Panicum hallii, in natural field cond
51  nonrandom loss of initially dominant native perennial C4 grasses.
52 munities to ecosystem functioning has been a perennial challenge in ecology.
53  receives almost no direct sunlight and is a perennial cold trap, making Shackleton a promising candi
54 ey shift from small annual colonies to large perennial colonies.
55 gates around micro-PS led to substantial and perennial colonization featuring monospecific biofilms a
56                             Sensitization to perennial compared with seasonal allergens was more stro
57 .) is one of the most economically important perennial, cool-season forage species grown and pastured
58                                              Perennial cover crops and vegetated filter strips were m
59 and environment-related benefits - make this perennial crop attractive also for human consumption.
60 hoenix dactylifera) are the most significant perennial crop in arid regions of the Middle East and No
61                                          The perennial crop oil palm is the most productive oil crop.
62 nifera ssp. vinifera), a clonally propagated perennial crop, to address three ongoing mysteries about
63 ing cropping systems than from nonleguminous perennial cropping systems and were low across unmanaged
64  or biologically based/organic inputs; three perennial crops (alfalfa, poplar, and conifers); and fou
65 perennial grasses - if this goal can be met, perennial crops can provide a more sustainable alternati
66                         The domestication of perennial crops differs from that of annuals in several
67               Hence, shifting from annual to perennial crops has been advocated towards a more sustai
68                                         Many perennial crops including hop (Humulus lupulus) are rout
69                         GWAS in out-crossing perennial crops is typically limited by insufficient mar
70                                     Selected perennial crops maintain the large belowground allocatio
71     This approach is particularly useful for perennial crops such as oil palm, which have long breedi
72 also indicate that widespread conversions to perennial crops that may be used for biofuel production
73 ter uptake patterns in root systems of woody perennial crops, we detailed the developmental anatomy a
74  of Danish arable land cultivated with three perennial crops: ryegrass (Lolium perenne), willow (Sali
75 assessment and management that sidesteps the perennial difficulty of ascribing a discrete clinical ph
76 fee (C. canephora L.) is a self-incompatible perennial diploid species (2n=2x=22).
77 evidence for their efficacy in patients with perennial disease has been less convincing.
78                                       Native perennials dominated relatively cool and moist sites 11
79 thin individual hosts (i.e., coinfection) in perennial-dominated plots.
80 te at a faster rate in annuals compared with perennials, due in part to chromosomal rearrangements.
81 tus: annual vs perennial life history races, perennial ecotypes across an elevational range, and popu
82 an elevational range, and populations within perennial elevational ecotypes.
83 aulic and Psi recovery following rain allows perennial ferns to survive severe drought, but prolonged
84 edwood forests of California's coast harbors perennial ferns, including Polystichum munitum and Dryop
85 tionally versatile natural compound from the perennial flowering plant Rhodiola rosea L.
86                                Sainfoin is a perennial forage legume with beneficial properties for a
87                               Communities of perennial forb and C4 grass species were grown for 5 yea
88 iology in Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae), a perennial forb native to the Rocky Mountains.
89 , the Australian O. rufipogan-type rice is a perennial form of O. meridionalis.
90 ediated ocular allergy in seasonal, acute or perennial forms of allergic conjunctivitis, especially w
91 y different set of uses for viral vectors in perennial fruit and nut crops, which can be productive f
92        Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a perennial fruit crop grown since ancient times that has
93  strategies in this agriculturally important perennial fruit crop.
94                                              Perennial fruit-trees such as plum (Prunus salicina L.)
95  distance from each household to the nearest perennial, functional, protected water source was calcul
96 seed yield of annuals, biomass production of perennial grains must be increased to amounts attained b
97 erus virginiana), grown with the dominant C4 perennial grass (Schizachyrium scoparium) in southern oa
98 from 20 y of vegetation monitoring, we found perennial grass cover in grasslands declined with increa
99 st viral species increased consistently with perennial grass cover, leading to a 60% increase in the
100 er model to explain temporal fluctuations in perennial grass cover, quantify where and the degree to
101 non juveniles was negatively associated with perennial grass cover.
102 ith higher soil available water capacity and perennial grass cover.
103  analyses focused on long-term (20-56 years) perennial grass dynamics across the Colorado Plateau, So
104 RP land to continuous corn, corn-soybean, or perennial grass for biofuel production.
105      Streptomyces strains were isolated from perennial grass habitats sampled across a spatial scale
106 xotic annual grasses and the dominant native perennial grass in the community.
107 so found significantly higher total N in the perennial grass soils than in maize.
108 um virgatum L. (switchgrass) is a polyploid, perennial grass species that is native to North America,
109 ormancy and germination of Stipa bungeana, a perennial grass used for revegetation of degraded grassl
110 -4 years that maximised population size of a perennial grass.
111 -functional types showed opposite responses: perennial-grass productivity decreased by 81%, whereas s
112 ust be increased to amounts attained by some perennial grasses - if this goal can be met, perennial c
113 nd each year doubled their biomass, as other perennial grasses do.
114 ontrol of senescence and N use efficiency in perennial grasses such as switchgrass, which limits our
115 he nifH gene was significantly higher in the perennial grasses than in maize, and we also found signi
116 nmental performance, due to more reliance on perennial grasses than the centralized biorefinery.
117 icate that conditions that currently support perennial grasses will be less common in the future, and
118  Thus, we conclude that cultivation of these perennial grasses, instead of maize, as bioenergy feedst
119 ir geographic distribution, most notably for perennial grasses.
120 ch site were found between maize and the two perennial grasses.
121 land as compared to native grassland and CRP perennial grasses.
122  a wider range of plants, such as poplar and perennial grasses.
123 d transportation fuels via fast pyrolysis of perennial grasses: switchgrass and miscanthus.
124 sin of the United States including cropland, perennial grassland enrolled in conservation programs (e
125 servation of grassland birds, were higher in perennial grasslands.
126 this mechanism controls flowering within the perennial growth cycle in F. vesca and demonstrate that
127 herbaceous perennial weed that maintains its perennial growth habit through generation of underground
128 suggests that they act in concert to control perennial growth in Norway spruce.
129  and extended juvenility, with conversion to perennial growth pattern in short days.
130                   This diminutive herbaceous perennial has a small genome (240 Mb), is amenable to ge
131 rk model of life-history traits based on the perennial herb Arabidopsis lyrata, evaluate phenotypic,
132 gulare (Jacq.) Willd is an erect, succulent, perennial herb belonging to the family Portulacaceae.
133 tschyi Boiss. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic and perennial herb endemic to Iran with interesting pharmaco
134 floral display dimorphism in the short-lived perennial herb Primula farinosa.
135 troph Monotropa hypopitys is a widely spread perennial herb used to study symbiotic interactions and
136 on of Phyteuma orbiculare (Campanulaceae), a perennial herb whose leaves have been eaten as salad by
137                         Jatropha curcas is a perennial herb, belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, f
138 spanica commonly known as black salsify is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae f
139                                              Perennial herbaceous plants such as switchgrass (Panicum
140 dividuals living in regions with intense and perennial (holoendemic) malaria transmission harbored mo
141 sect (Sitobion calvulum, Aphididae), a woody perennial host plant (Salix polaris) and a selective ver
142 ucing membracids and leaf-chewing beetles on perennial host plants in field experiments in Colorado t
143                   Studies using viruses from perennial hosts suggest that these objectives could be a
144                   Recovery, in particular in perennial hosts, may trigger tolerance or virus accommod
145 xed plant communities composed of annual and perennial hosts.
146 ing the study of these hair-like filaments a perennial hot topic for research.
147 many different fields, where unambiguous and perennial identification of data entities are necessary.
148 versely, we found strong FA of low-elevation perennials in a montane environment.
149 onal load, could explain FA of low-elevation perennials in a montane environment.
150 nalization) in 46 populations of annuals and perennials in the Mimulus guttatus species complex.
151 nd abandoned agricultural lands planted with perennials incur little or no carbon debt and can offer
152 mples include chronic asthma and exposure to perennial indoor allergens and asthma related to fungal
153 y inflammation and airway dysfunction was of perennial interest to investigators, as were phenotypes
154 m vegetative to reproductive growth in woody perennials involves pathways controlling flowering timin
155                         The domestication of perennials is expected to follow different processes tha
156            The evolution of eusociality is a perennial issue in evolutionary biology, and genomic adv
157 ngs are not a function of sampling biases; a perennial issue in studies of this kind.
158  the environment more deeply and address the perennial issue of what works for whom.
159 axonomically distant Arabidopsis and a woody perennial kiwifruit.
160 inction is the difference between annual and perennial life cycles.
161 al scales within Mimulus guttatus: annual vs perennial life history races, perennial ecotypes across
162 ited a larger genome size (1 C = 0.43 pg), a perennial lifecycle, less chloroplast genetic diversity,
163 orts of mesoendemic seasonal and holoendemic perennial malaria transmission in Senegal followed for t
164 e novo assembly for the 375 Mb genome of the perennial model plant, Arabis alpina.
165 rdunculus var. scolymus) is an out-crossing, perennial, multi-use crop species that is grown worldwid
166 ged 2-18 years) with AR (seasonal, n = 2290; perennial, n = 800), met the study criteria.
167 cine for the past couple of centuries, and a perennial object of trial and error by humans trying to
168 cological genetics in natural populations of perennial or outcrossing plants can also differ substant
169 lysis encompassing c. 3000 congeneric annual/perennial pairs from 28 genera.
170  chambers using F(2) progeny from annual and perennial parents that differed in their requirements fo
171  species that varied in lifespan (annual and perennial), photosynthetic pathway (C3 and C4 ), and cli
172 genetic data and has been applied to several perennial phylogenetic problems.
173      Widely distributed species, such as the perennial plant Arabidopsis lyrata, face a range of envi
174                  Aboveground and belowground perennial plant biomass was harvested in an intact Mojav
175                       We measured changes in perennial plant community characteristics (cover, specie
176 f new individuals explain the lack of strong perennial plant community shifts after a decade of eleva
177 Thus the effects of increased temperature on perennial plant cover and the correlation of declining p
178 hylogeographic pattern of Oxyria sinensis, a perennial plant endemic to the HHM.
179              Here, the key role of roots for perennial plant longevity will be discussed, taking into
180 eight large and eight small populations of a perennial plant on the basis of fitness of progeny produ
181  in reproductively mature populations of two perennial plant species and are consistent with an evolu
182  these species is negatively correlated with perennial plant species richness.
183 ncy induction and release in buds of several perennial plant species.
184 eatments and control plots in two coexisting perennial plant study species (Festuca ovina and Plantag
185                     Momordica charantia is a perennial plant with reported health benefits.
186 ues (n=16), and 36% of the grasses and other perennial plants (n=14).
187                                    Nonclonal perennial plants (those plants exclusively using sexual
188                                              Perennial plants allocate more resources belowground, th
189                                              Perennial plants have evolved an adaptive mechanism invo
190 of conservation between herbaceous and woody perennial plants in shoot system regulation by overexpre
191 a critical developmental process that allows perennial plants to survive extreme seasonal variations
192 perenniality and understanding adaptation of perennial plants to their habitats.
193 plants, motivations to study these issues in perennial plants, and new approaches that may lead to fu
194                  Particularities of roots in perennial plants, such as meristem indeterminacy, modula
195             In contrast to annual plants, in perennial plants, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) can un
196 ic root processes in ecosystems dominated by perennial plants.
197 ng approaches to optimize disease control in perennial plants.
198 or semelparous annual plants and iteroparous perennial plants.
199 n herbaceous annual plants relative to woody perennial plants.
200  is the terminal stage in the development of perennial plants.
201 little is known about D14 genes in the woody perennial plants.
202 ition is crucial for understanding growth in perennial plants.
203 ctone pathway and its functions in the woody perennial plants.
204                Simultaneous sensitization to perennial, pollen, and food allergens involves the highe
205            Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), a perennial, polyploid, C4 warm-season grass is among the
206  vegetative and reproductive growth in woody perennial poplar (Populus spp.).
207 a novel type of vernalization requirement in perennial populations that is contingent on plants exper
208 orter day lengths to initiate flowering than perennial populations.
209 nscriptional responses to shade in the woody perennial Populus.
210 tates because it is a native, high-yielding, perennial prairie grass with a broad cultivation range a
211                                            A perennial problem in the analysis of environmental seque
212 view covers recent books and articles on the perennial problem of how mind and brain work together to
213 of advanced delivery systems in situ and the perennial problem of identifying truly specific and usef
214                                            A perennial question is whether this change in brain elect
215                                   Within the perennial race, recent climate conditions or nonselectiv
216 d as home-site advantage, between annual and perennial races and a trend towards LA among populations
217  of sequence from Glycine tomentella, a wild perennial relative of soybean, uncovered 23 intact retro
218 : a nonsmoking woman with severe, persistent perennial rhinitis frequently associated with conjunctiv
219 s with LAR had moderate-to-severe persistent-perennial rhinitis; conjunctivitis and asthma were the m
220 resent in annual rye grass (Lolium rigidum), perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne) and meadow fescue (
221 ere are x-ray crystallographic structures of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) COMT (Lp OMT1) in op
222              Here, we present a model of the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) genome on the basis
223                                              Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is the grass species
224                                              Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plants, grown with l
225 relatively high digestibility monoculture of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), (b) a medium digest
226  Here we report the draft genome sequence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), an economically imp
227 were observed for radish (Raphanus sativus), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and annual ryegrass
228 ragments in Magnaporthe isolates that infect perennial ryegrass (prg) are hotspots for genomic rearra
229 mmunotherapy containing the hydrolysate from perennial ryegrass allergens for the optimum dose in ter
230 , and we utilized macro-co-linearity between perennial ryegrass and barley, and synteny within the gr
231 ing map-based cloning and genome assembly in perennial ryegrass and closely related Poaceae species.
232 ts a milestone in describing synteny between perennial ryegrass and fully sequenced model grass genom
233  was then utilized to anchor a collection of perennial ryegrass genes in silico to their predicted ge
234                                          The perennial ryegrass GenomeZipper is an ordered, informati
235                                              Perennial ryegrass sequences were the most similar (5.02
236 A transcriptome-based genetic linkage map of perennial ryegrass served as a scaffold to establish the
237  of utilising molecular assisted breeding in perennial ryegrass to modulate a range of biochemical qu
238 me-wide sequence divergence analysis between perennial ryegrass, barley, Brachypodium, rice, and sorg
239 the accumulation of Cd and other elements by perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne (L.).
240 plants, including rice, radish, pumpkin, and perennial ryegrass.
241 rs of vegetative growth at early ages, woody perennial shoot meristems begin repeated transitions bet
242 C1 homolog (Fragaria vesca [Fv] SOC1) in the perennial short-day plant woodland strawberry (Fragaria
243        Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, an ancient perennial shrub of South America, produces diterpene gly
244 l communities associated with the widespread perennial shrub, Rhazya stricta in Arabian desert soils.
245 re categorized into annual herbs, herbaceous perennials, shrubs, and trees.
246            Here we use measurements in firn (perennial snowpack) air from Greenland and Antarctica to
247  architecture underlying polygenic traits in perennial species can inform molecular marker-assisted b
248                           Nevertheless, wild perennial species have lower seed production than select
249                In particular, growing native perennial species on marginal lands not currently farmed
250 elevated pCO2 the most, whereas longer-lived perennial species show a smaller increase or a decrease.
251                      The tropical herbaceous perennial species Talinum triangulare is capable of tran
252                                              Perennial species with the C(4) pathway hold promise for
253       As it is a self-incompatible polyploid perennial species, breeding elite and stable switchgrass
254 cause F. labordi is closely related to other perennial species, this chameleon group may prove also t
255                  Growth rate maintains other perennial species.
256 inimalist model of long-term productivity in perennial species.
257 ation provides significant protection of the perennial stem.
258 south arm (Gilbert Bay) previously drove the perennial stratification of the south arm and the existe
259 ects, and most mitigation was implemented on perennial streams while most impacts were to ephemeral a
260 ely ephemeral and one watershed dominated by perennial streams.
261 the adoption of a fishery based on inherited perennial structures.
262 ation in the construction and maintenance of perennial structures.
263       Allergens involved include seasonal or perennial such as house dusts mites, pollens, animal epi
264 ons of such plasticity in a long-lived woody perennial, such as grapevine (Vitis spp.), with respect
265                    Even extremely long-lived perennials sustain a high degree of meristem integrity.
266 getative to floral development, and in woody perennials SVP-like genes are also proposed to be involv
267                Annual cumulative fluxes from perennial systems were best explained by soil NO3- pools
268 ion of Cirsium spinosissimum (Asteraceae), a perennial thistle.
269 tum) converted it from a lanky photoperiodic perennial to a day-neutral annual row-crop.
270 ive soil pool associated with the shift from perennial to annual grasses, equivalent to 29.4 +/- 1.47
271 perature and plant life history changed from perennial to annual.
272  ongoing regime shift of Arctic sea ice from perennial to seasonal ice is associated with more dynami
273                                     Residual perennial traits, however, complicate irrigation and cro
274 mic resource for this economically important perennial tree crop.
275 1 (no SOC loss) for conversion of forests to perennial tree crops, because of scarcity of SOC data.
276  been very few studies of bHLH proteins from perennial tree species.
277                            Virus diseases of perennial trees and vines have characteristics not amena
278 e been developed in over 25 crop species and perennial trees.
279  economic advantages are often offset by the perennial urban curses of crime, congestion and contagio
280 easurements reveal lower fluxes in nonlegume perennial vegetation and, for conservatively fertilized
281 ind erosion model and found that declines in perennial vegetation cover coupled with disturbance to b
282 A) Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) plants perennial vegetation cover on cultivated lands including
283 imate change will likely cause reductions in perennial vegetation cover, which leaves soil surfaces e
284 opment, vein patterning, the controls of the perennial versus annual habit, and genome organization.
285 ently 150 million people live in cities with perennial water shortage, defined as having less than 10
286 eral watershed and high co-occurrence in the perennial watershed.
287 ge is critical for survival of this invasive perennial weed after episodes of severe abiotic stress.
288 erized several MADS box genes from the model perennial weed leafy spurge.
289 spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is an herbaceous perennial weed that maintains its perennial growth habit
290 fy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is an herbaceous perennial weed that produces vegetatively from an abunda
291 provides insights on the ability of invasive perennial weeds to adapt and survive under harsh environ
292 round adventitious buds (UABs) of herbaceous perennial weeds, which is a primary factor facilitating
293 extended into a range of wetlands, including perennial wetlands, which should have been less responsi
294                            However, existing perennial wheat and rice could achieve yields similar to
295  roots of Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae), a perennial wild mustard.
296                                       In the perennial wild strawberry, Fragaria vesca (Rosaceae), sh
297  tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) is an equatorial perennial with a high basal thermotolerance.
298 f monopodial and sympodial growth in a woody perennial with complex growth habit.
299 pitting is a common virus-induced disease of perennial woody plants induced by a range of different v
300 cies and may be a defining characteristic of perennial woody plants.

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