ライフサイエンスコーパス: petal

1 olet (UV) angle-resolved spectroscopy of the petal.

2 ity increasing towards the distal end of the petal.

3 tes in a white lily (Lilium candidum) flower petal.

4 gh high expression values were also found in petals.

5 to the regulation of eugenol biosynthesis in petals.

6 cifically in stem epidermal cells and flower petals.

7 esis is prioritized over lignin formation in petals.

8 sis, mainly in upper anther filaments and in petals.

9 elay of petal development, leading to folded petals.

10 ly and negatively regulated by AP3 and PI in petals.

11 and Trp levels were decreased in transgenic petals.

12 ic accumulation of flavonoids in flowers and petals.

13 dermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted petals.

14 te senescence-associated genes in leaves and petals.

15 causing homeotic conversion of anthers into petals.

16 RILE APETALA (SAP) protein in the developing petals.

17 ade to illustrate their locations across the petals.

18 eugenol content in both fruit receptacle and petals.

19 expression with higher expression in adaxial petals.

20 In other species, petals abscise while still turgid.

21 the selfing species suggests that the small-petal allele was captured from standing genetic variatio

22 hydrophobic concentrating effect of the rose petals allows us to concentrate metal nanoparticle (NP)

23 In petunia petals, AN11 and the bHLH protein AN1 activate, together

24 reside in the epicuticular wax layer of the petal and only one-third in the intracuticular wax.

25 and affects elongation or differentiation of petal and sepal cells.

26 sperm species, exhibit numerous instances of petal and sepal loss, transference of petal function bet

27 CP4 is present in a miR319a(129) background, petal and stamen development is severely disrupted, sugg

28 To identify novel genes in petal and stamen development, a genetic screen was carri

29 miR319a(129) mutants exhibit defects in petal and stamen development; petals are narrow and shor

30 B-class MADS box genes specify petal and stamen identities in several core eudicot spec

31 sults in extreme homeotic transformations of petal and stamen identities.

32 providing robustness in the specification of petal and stamen identities.

33 ole for B class MADS-box genes in specifying petal and stamen identities.

34 (Arabidopsis thaliana), the specification of petal and stamen identity depends on the action of two M

35 LA3 (AP3) MADS-box gene is required for both petal and stamen identity specification.

36 cts of B class floral homeotic genes specify petal and stamen identity, and loss of B function result

37 gene silencing indicates that in addition to petal and stamen identity, this locus is essential to st

38 organ size, it is interesting that adjacent petal and stamen whorls are most strongly affected.

39 ssed during the development of sepal-derived petals and are not implicated in petal identity in stame

40 Rose petals and calendula infusions gave the highest content

41 by analysing the development of Arabidopsis petals and comparing the results to models of leaf devel

42 s expressed at high levels in the developing petals and demonstrate that the expression of petal-asso

43 acre and bone-inspired structural materials, petals and gecko foot-inspired adhesive films, lotus and

44 ifferential growth of the inner layer of the petals and in the midrib by providing a qualitatively di

45 In the present work, the edible petals and infusions of dahlia, rose, calendula and cent

46 ucose and sucrose were identified in all the petals and infusions.

47 ing the aerial parts of all plants including petals and leaves, can present a wide range of patterns

48 erning was regulated by PeMYBs in the sepals/petals and lip.

49 stamen specification, suggesting homology of petals and lodicules and conservation of B class gene ac

50 eduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development

51 f OBO1 causes an abnormal number and size of petals and petal-stamen fusions.

52 xpression of ADT1 was the highest in petunia petals and positively correlated with endogenous Phe lev

53 abidopsis thaliana that displays twisting in petals and roots, at the organ and cell level, has been

54 ow that NPR3 expression was strongest in the petals and sepals of developing flowers and declined aft

55 P or SAUR63:GUS fusions had long hypocotyls, petals and stamen filaments, suggesting that these prote

56 Second, expression of wild-type TCP4 in petals and stamens (i.e., AP3:TCP4) has no effect on flo

57 resistant version of TCP4, when expressed in petals and stamens (i.e., pAP3:mTCP4) causes these organ

58 a late elaboration of the region between the petals and stamens associated with epigyny and the hypan

59 TILLATA (PI), which control the formation of petals and stamens during Arabidopsis flower development

60 tially colocalized within epidermal cells of petals and temporally overlap in partially open flowers.

61 TNs also enabled the coverage of rose petals and the detection of different levels of flavonol

62 s required for the development of sepals and petals and to antagonize the C-function in the outer flo

63 sized predominantly via arogenate in petunia petals and uncover a novel posttranscriptional regulatio

64 tive evapotranspirational water loss through petals and water-saturated air from the nectar tube.

65 R PROTEIN2 (AtZFP2), was elevated in stamen, petal, and sepal AZs.

66 organs, including differentiated sepals and petals, and a perianth distinct from stamens and carpels

67 developed narrow leaflet blades, sepals and petals, and abnormally shaped fruit.

68 activated lines failed to shed their sepals, petals, and anthers during pod expansion and maturity, a

69 within one sepal whorl, fusion of sepals and petals, and conversion of sepals into carpel-like struct

70 ntify the different pigments produced in the petals, and qualitative and quantitative RT-PCR to assay

71 bolites of different flower organs (carpels, petals, and sepals) were profiled for the first time at

72 erates many different organs such as leaves, petals, and stamens, each with a particular function and

73 and VvMYBC2-L3 showed a severe reduction in petal anthocyanins and seed proanthocyanidins together w

74 Rose petals are green, natural materials that appear to have

75 in components detected on the surface of the petals are low-molecular-weight organic acids, sugars, a

76 bit defects in petal and stamen development; petals are narrow and short, and stamens exhibit defects

77 described in snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) petals, are known regulators of epidermal cell different

78 ximately 3.8 times larger than the projected petal area.

79 at higher altitudes had larger UV-absorbing petal areas, corresponding with low temperature and high

80 ese results highlight the interest of edible petals "as" and "in" new food products, representing ric

81 tains further morphogenetic potential of the petal, as previously described for KNOX gene function in

82 plicated in petal identity in stamen-derived petals, as their transient expression coincides with ear

83 ants exhibit ectopic growth in filaments and petals, as well as aberrant embryogenesis.

84 etals and demonstrate that the expression of petal-associated KNOX genes is sufficient to induce sac-

85 t the evolution and diversification of fused petals, at least within the megadiverse Asteridae clade

86 With the novel petal-based substrate, the SERS measurements reveal a de

87 different pigments from the remainder of the petal, being composed of cyanidin/peonidin-based, instea

88 Analysis of petal breakstrength reveals that if IAA AZ levels are re

89 d whorl organs develop as sepals rather than petals, but third whorl stamens are normal.

90 re it specifies the identities of sepals and petals by restricting the expression of AGAMOUS (AG) to

91 ere detected in those prepared from hibiscus petals, Ca from aloe leaves and Mg from leaves of ginkgo

92 The iridescence of the petal can be quantitatively characterized by spectrometr

93 ls enclose and protect the flower bud, while petals can be large and showy so as to attract pollinato

94 ng to the homeotic conversion of sepals into petals, carpels, or stamens, depending on the genetic co

95 tion for the prevalence of conical epidermal petal cells in most flowering plants.

96 l proliferation period and reduced number of petal cells.

97 Four petals characterize the flowers of most species in the B

98 allopolyploid Brassica napus, we obtained a petal-closed flower mutation by ethyl methanesulfonate m

99 ty to precisely control the structure of the petal condensates both by carefully modifying the excita

100 pal epidermis, but only a moderate effect on petal cone cell ridges.

101 ysical nature of ambient events, and sensory-petal connections, which infer the nature of the stimulu

102 rrounded by a sterile perianth of sepals and petals constitute the basic floral structure.

103 erity in anthocyanin suppression observed in petals could be associated with the expression level of

104 , the structure-function relationship of the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was

105 x1 and GA3ox3 functions displayed stamen and petal defects, indicating that these two genes are impor

106 Petals, defined as the showy laminar floral organs in th

107 fluids by sheets of moderate thickness with petals designed to curl into closed shapes, capillarity

108 t others differ between senescing leaves and petals, despite these organs sharing a common evolutiona

109 developmental defects, including defects in petal development and root growth.

110 on in poppy, with one gene copy required for petal development and the other responsible for stamen d

111 We show that petal development involves a divergent polarity field wi

112 also show that the role of RBE in sepal and petal development is mediated in part through the concom

113 We therefore provide evidence for petal development that is independent of B-class genes a

114 a1 insertion lines showed a strong defect in petal development, and transient alteration of pollen in

115 ype, where defects are observed in sepal and petal development, but leaf blades are apparently normal

116 This results in an inhibition or a delay of petal development, leading to folded petals.

117 Here, we demonstrate that, early in petal development, RBE represses the transcription of a

118 ranscriptional repressor and is required for petal development.

119 da and AtMYB16 from Arabidopsis thaliana, in petal development.

120 nd GRCD5, were found to be indispensable for petal development.

121 genetic pathway previously involved in free petal development.

122 ation on the similarities and differences in petal developmental programs across angiosperms.

123 Clarkia gracilis petals each have a single red-purple spot that contrasts

124 erties in terms of superhydrophobilicity and petal effect.

125 al petal elongation in Senecio versus dorsal petal elongation in Antirrhinum In S vulgaris, diversifi

126 sion domains are divergent, allowing ventral petal elongation in Senecio versus dorsal petal elongati

127 Petunia flower petals emit large amounts of isoeugenol, which has been

128 isogenic Antirrhinum lines differing only in petal epidermal cell shape.

129 cause dramatic left-handed helical growth of petal epidermal cells, leading to left-handed twisted pe

130 cts in organ growth and in the morphology of petal epidermal cells, showing that the interaction betw

131 eir environment and by the morphology of the petal epidermal cells.

132 in the control of cell morphogenesis in the petal epidermis.

133 unction between floral whorls, and recurrent petal evolution.

134 egulator of flower maturation, synchronizing petal expansion and volatile emission.

135 ctionations were conducted with polar flower petal extracts from P. x hortorum cv. Nittany Lion Red,

136 cyanidins together with a higher pH of crude petal extracts.

137 on between the central dimer and surrounding petals favors a chiral arrangement.

138 and a slower morphological change, the upper petal folding downwards over the reproductive parts.

139 ormal ethylene burst in the stigma/style and petals following pollination was also suppressed by heat

140 ecofriendly substrates, based on common rose petals, for ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scatte

141 vity of MIXTA-like genes also contributes to petal form, another important factor influencing pollina

142 lants, including Arabidopsis, the sepals and petals form distinctive nanoridges in their cuticles.

143 ces of petal and sepal loss, transference of petal function between floral whorls, and recurrent peta

144 all angiosperm species produce flowers with petals fused into a corolla tube.

145 nd intra-specific variation in the degree of petal fusion is controlled by various inputs from genes

146 Arabidopsis petals grow via basipetal waves of cell division, follow

147 d SvDIV1B appear to have a conserved role in petal growth in both Senecio and Antirrhinum, the regula

148 Petal growth was partially restored by the active gibber

149 wed that RAY3 promotes and SvDIV1B represses petal growth, confirming their roles in floral zygomorph

150 ich perianth differentiation into sepals and petals has evolved multiple times.

151 class gene APETALA2 (AP2) promotes sepal and petal identities in whorls 1 and 2 and restricts the exp

152 tity but function independently in sepal and petal identity (AP1) and in proper fruit development and

153 established by the interplay between dorsal petal identity genes, CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and RADIALIS (RAD)

154 nd suggest that different genetic control of petal identity has evolved within this lineage of core e

155 pal-derived petals and are not implicated in petal identity in stamen-derived petals, as their transi

156 Our results suggest that petal identity is specified in part through downregulati

157 second floral whorl as opposed to specifying petal identity per se.

158 ADS-box homologs for evidence of a conserved petal identity program between sepal-derived and stamen-

159 nth evolution, the concept of a core eudicot petal identity program has not been tested.

160 We therefore examined the petal identity program in the Caryophyllales, a core eud

161 se findings, it is commonly assumed that the petal identity program regulated by B-class MADS-box gen

162 on patterns consistent with the core eudicot petal identity program.

163 le of APETALA1 as an "A-function" (sepal and petal identity) gene is thought to be Brassicaceae speci

164 these genes also control flowering time and petal identity, suggesting that AP1/FUL homologs might h

165 for the role of AP1 in Arabidopsis sepal and petal identity, the canonical A function of the ABC mode

166 ) heterodimerize and are required to specify petal identity, yet many details of how this regulatory

167 s might have been independently recruited in petal identity.

168 sufficient to induce sac-like outgrowths on petals in a heterologous host.

169 eals that in-plane dipolar repulsion between petals in the cluster favors the achiral configuration,

170 nical epidermal cells, a defining feature of petals in the majority of insect-pollinated flowers, has

171 ated in the control of auxin dynamics during petal initiation, is directly repressed by JAG.

172 During the early phase of petal initiation, RBE regulates a microRNA164-dependent

173 rsepal regions with more space available for petal initiation.

174 function results in homeotic conversions of petals into sepals and stamens into carpels.

175 The Arabidopsis petal is a simple laminar organ whose development is lar

176 ct analysis of the molecules from the flower petal is enabled by interfacing intense (10(13) W/cm(2))

177 e ridged portion on the upper surface of the petal is enriched in long-chain fatty acids, which are c

178 Conversion of anthers into petals is a visual marker that can be useful for mitocho

179 , callus formation in roots, cotyledons, and petals is blocked in mutant plants incapable of lateral

180 he surface of the distal white region of the petals is smooth and noniridescent, a selective chemical

181 This presents a puzzle: if the function of petals is to attract pollinators, then flowers might be

182 The effects of rbe mutations on petal lamina growth suggest that RBE is also required to

183 made of printing inks, plant parts (such as petals, leaves, and slices of rhizomes), and fungal grow

184 ging of these assemblies revealed microscale petal-like and intertwined fiber morphologies, each with

185 These states exhibit a petal-like intensity distribution arising due to the int

186 ound but also leads to the transformation of petal-like organs into stamen-like organs in flowers of

187 Carbon dots inducing petal-like rutile TiO2 wrapped by ultrathin graphene-ric

188 N, controlling anthocyanin production in the petal lobe and nectar guide, respectively.

189 Here we show that the parallel evolution of petal lobe anthocyanin (PLA) pigmentation in M. cupreus

190 ains, leading to spot formation in different petal locations.

191 the broad distal organiser of polarity, and PETAL LOSS (PTL), which has been implicated in the contr

192 have a broader distribution along the distal petal margin, consistent with the broad distal organiser

193 post-mitotic cell expansion and concomitant petal maturation.

194 Here we explore the role of petal microstructure in influencing floral light capture

195 temperature caused the strongest increase in petal number and lengthened the time interval over which

196 A variable petal number distinguishes the flowers of Cardamine hirs

197 n of floral buds is associated with variable petal number in C. hirsuta and responds to seasonal chan

198 hotoperiod, and vernalization, all increased petal number in C. hirsuta Cool temperature caused the s

199 o address this question, we assessed whether petal number responds to a suite of environmental and en

200 e flowering time in C. hirsuta We found that petal number showed seasonal variation in C. hirsuta, su

201 However, it is less clear whether C. hirsuta petal number varies in response to seasonal changes in e

202 We explored the optical properties of the petal of Hibiscus trionum by macro-imaging, scanning and

203 nse to the binding of Ca(2+), opens like the petals of a flower.

204 Petals of animal-pollinated angiosperms have adapted to

205 he development of conical epidermal cells in petals of Antirrhinum majus.

206 anthocyanin-rich) portion at the base of the petals of Hibiscus trionum.

207 volution of lodicules and second whorl tepal/petals of monocots.

208 example, beetles [2]) and in plants (on the petals of some animal pollinated flowers [5]).

209 A O-methyltransferase (PhCCoAOMT1) from the petals of the fragrant petunia 'Mitchell'.

210 AD were exclusively expressed in the ventral petals of the ray florets.

211 The petals of white flowers revealed interesting bioactive p

212 ibits rapid paralysis after consuming flower petals of zonal geranium, Pelargonium x hortorum.

213 nomers on the upper (adaxial) surface of the petals on both the white/smooth and anthocyanic/ridged r

214 mical characterization of the surface of the petals on different portions (i.e., ridged vs smooth) is

215 also found the effect of the pigment of the petals on the SERS performance.

216 developmental events required for sepal and petal organogenesis.

217 o regulate later developmental events during petal organogenesis.

218 ing is emphasizing the importance of sensory-petal pathways that run in the opposite (outward) direct

219 found that SR45.1-GFP complements the flower petal phenotype, but not the root growth phenotype.

220 in the original flowers when the effects of petal pigment and illumination are taken into account.

221 ption levels of SlCER6 in the anther and the petal, preferentially in sites subject to epidermal fusi

222 flower (GBF) platform with multiple-branched petals, prepared by a liquid-liquid-gas triphase interfa

223 ant showed that epidermal cell shape affects petal presentation, a phenotypic trait also observed fol

224 erconnected and lobed regions of neighboring petal primordia, and between lower and upper portions of

225 mes cleared from boundary subdomains between petal primordia, most likely contributing to formation o

226 hway that controls cell proliferation at the petal primordium boundaries.

227 igests and infusions of Hibiscus sabdariffa (petals), Rosa canina (receptacles), Ginkgo biloba (leave

228 protocol is described for measuring gloss in petal samples collected in the field, using a glossmeter

229 erry exhibiting symptoms of Strawberry Green Petal (SbGP), periwinkle plants with virescence, and bla

230 ripening and abscission, as well as leaf and petal senescence and abscission and, hence, plays a role

231 duction and cellular processes that regulate petal senescence and cell death.

232 dy the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) on petal senescence by transcript profile comparison after

233 pecies, identifying suitable models to study petal senescence has been challenging, and the best cand

234 nscription factors that are activated during petal senescence in several species including Arabidopsi

235 In many species a visible sign of petal senescence is wilting.

236 ntial aspects of redox signaling in leaf and petal senescence, with the aim of linking physiological,

237 pment, including fruit ripening and leaf and petal senescence.

238 atically enhanced leaf expansion and delayed petal senescence.

239 ad meristic alterations, with one additional petal, sepal, stamen, and carpel at each of the four who

240 d the elongation of floral organs, including petals, sepals, and siliques in Arabidopsis.

241 uction in the force necessary to bring about petal separation; however, the effect was not additive i

242 ents and geometric morphometrics to quantify petal shape.

243 ces between waxes on the adaxial and abaxial petal sides and between epicuticular and intracuticular

244 suppression via RNA interference in petunia petals significantly reduced ADT activity, levels of Phe

245 In the sepals/petals, silencing of PeMYB2, PeMYB11, and PeMYB12 result

246 tor contributed to the specific reduction of petal size after the transition to selfing in the genus

247 estimates of Q(ST) and F(ST), we found that petal size was the only floral trait that may have diver

248 ects on filament length and two estimates of petal size.

249 Petal-size variation in the current out-crossing populat

250 -effect mutations have contributed to reduce petal-size.

251 l CoA-ligases from petunia (Petunia hybrida) petal-specific cDNA libraries.

252 roles of several candidate MADS-box genes in petal specification in poppy.

253 Petal spots are widespread in angiosperms and are often

254 changes underlying shifts in the position of petal spots in Clarkia.

255 Here, we tested the role of KNOX genes in petal-spur development by isolating orthologs of the A.

256 ants with ectopic petal spurs suggested that petal-spur development is dependent on the expression of

257 l in which KNOX gene expression during early petal-spur development promotes and maintains further mo

258 These data indicate that petal spurs could have evolved by changes in regulatory

259 on of Antirrhinum majus mutants with ectopic petal spurs suggested that petal-spur development is dep

260 ers from A. majus in possessing long, narrow petal spurs.

261 could contribute to the greater strength of petal-stamen correlations relative to other floral-lengt

262 es an abnormal number and size of petals and petal-stamen fusions.

263 organized into concentric whorls of sepals, petals, stamens and carpels, with each of these floral o

264 aplotypes were associated with the length of petals, stamens, and to a lesser extent style-stigma len

265 as been separately referred to as a modified petal stipule, stamen and tepal.

266 Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical ce

267 undant in the kiwifruit flower, particularly petal, suggesting a role in floral organ identity.

268 lay higher proportions of flowers with extra petals, suggesting PGX1's involvement in floral organ pa

269 overy of the reduced Phe level in transgenic petals, suggesting that the phenylpyruvate route can als

270 ffect of the Wenzal state of the hydrophobic petal surface further concentrate the analytes and enhan

271 The abaxial petal surface is relatively flat, whereas the adaxial si

272 cted on the white/smooth region of the upper petal surface or on the smooth lower surface.

273 ween flower, pollinator and gravity, and how petal surface structure can influence that interaction.

274 stigated the extent to which a difference in petal surface structure influences pollinator behavior t

275 sponses, we used both biomimetic replicas of petal surfaces and isogenic Antirrhinum lines differing

276 Petal surfaces of C. bipinnatus thus impose relatively w

277 hance the colour intensity and brightness of petal surfaces.

278 tributing to formation of congenitally fused petals (sympetally) and modulation of growth at sinuses.

279 nt is the congenital or postgenital union of petals (sympetaly) which has enabled dramatic specializa

280 re similarity between senescing siliques and petals than between senescing siliques and leaves.

281 that spring flowering plants developed more petals than those flowering in summer.

282 more transcriptional features in common with petals than with leaves.

283 ield, (ii) long narrow gaps between adjacent petals that induce a strong plasmonic coupling effect, a

284 gh levels of dihydroconiferyl acetate in the petals, the main scent-synthesizing and scent-emitting o

285 cific organs with a morphology distinct from petals, thus their true homology to eudicot and nongrass

286 etermine the physiological behaviours of the petal tissue were measured.

287 ith those from senescing Arabidopsis leaf or petal tissues using microarray datasets and metabolic pa

288 and/or flower receptacles are transported to petals to promote their growth.

289 direct surface analysis of Hibiscus trionum petals using liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) c

290 The petal wax was found to contain unusually high concentrat

291 provides a detailed characterization of the petal waxes, using Cosmos bipinnatus as a model, and com

292 nt, purple/white segmented Phalaenopsis spp. petals were first analyzed using standard liquid chromat

293 if it is derived from aerial organs such as petals, which clearly shows that callus formation is not

294 Rafflesia, the diaphragm is derived from the petal whorl.

295 t of straightness - a root will grow down, a petal will grow flat.

296 features of the GBFs: (i) multiple-branched petals with an enhanced local electromagnetic field, (ii

297 abscission, and produced leaves, sepals and petals with diminished blades, indicating a requirement

298 ptical effects produced by epoxy replicas of petals with folded cuticles persist and induce iridescen

299 rying null mutations in either gene produced petals with no nanoridges and no cuticle could be observ

300 Our observations show that the edges of the petals wrinkle as the flower opens, suggesting that diff