ライフサイエンスコーパス: petroleum

1 cost of producing virgin polycarbonates from petroleum.

2 bon advanced cellulosic biofuels in place of petroleum.

3 they are common in organic media, including petroleum.

4 crofluidic systems for sample preparation of petroleum.

5 during combustion when compared to coal and petroleum.

6 erved in modern and ancient sediments and in petroleum.

7 ed by the chemical industry are derived from petroleum.

8 r of components in complex mixtures, such as petroleum.

9 missions from the consumption of coal (49%), petroleum (25%), natural gas (17%), and biomass (9%).

10 ymers to lubricants are largely derived from petroleum, a non-renewable resource.

11 cades, due to the extreme complexity of many petroleum acid mixtures.

12 Identification of individual petroleum acids ("naphthenic" acids, NA) has proved chal

13 o U.S. refineries and cover the largest four Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD) reg

14 Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) re

15 sites may respond more promptly in degrading petroleum after accidental oil spills.

16 of sulfur and d-limonene, by-products of the petroleum and citrus industries, respectively.

17 Petroleum and dispersant ICE models were statistically s

18 n estimation (ICE) models were developed for petroleum and dispersant products to facilitate the pred

19 pproach to estimating toxicity to a range of petroleum and dispersant products with applicability to

20 tion data sets to accurately forecast future petroleum and GHG emissions savings from hybridization o

21 iso-Alkanes are major components of petroleum and have been considered recalcitrant to biode

22 al estimates are 3 to 7 times higher for the petroleum and natural gas production sectors but similar

23 fficiency of conversion of hydrocarbons from petroleum and natural gas to higher-value materials.

24 erm global climate change, caused by burning petroleum and other fossil fuels, has motivated an urgen

25 Measurement of water in petroleum and petroleum-based products is of industrial

26 s with two study sediments contaminated with petroleum and polychlorinated biphenyls, respectively, a

27 tal, economic, and political advantages over petroleum as a source of energy for the transportation s

28 While Themis has been demonstrated with petroleum as an example of a complex mixture, its basic

29 During the first hours after release of petroleum at sea, crude oil hydrocarbons partition rapid

30 o-oil ratio of 1,600 standard cubic feet per petroleum barrel.

31 dity plastics and materials are derived from petroleum-based chemicals, illustrating the strong depen

32 Biodegradation of organic matter, including petroleum-based fuels and biofuels, can create undesired

33 (WTW) life cycle greenhouse gas analysis of petroleum-based fuels consumed in the U.S. in 2005, know

34 When compared to the petroleum-based fuels currently used in these vehicles,

35 (0-6% and 19%, respectively, compared to the petroleum-based fuels), while other natural gas pathways

36 ters, have emerged as viable alternatives to petroleum-based fuels.

37 inly derived from the catalytic reforming of petroleum-based long chain hydrocarbons.

38 (rms) mass measurement error of <100 ppb on petroleum-based mixtures that contain tens of thousands

39 providing a viable and green alternative to petroleum-based packaging barriers.

40 The replacement of current petroleum-based plastics with sustainable alternatives i

41 mentally friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics.

42 developing more sustainable replacements for petroleum-based plastics.

43 ttention due to environmental concerns about petroleum-based production of these compounds.

44 ntial to provide sustainable substitutes for petroleum-based products and new chemical building block

45 Measurement of water in petroleum and petroleum-based products is of industrial and economic i

46 iorenewable alternatives to the conventional petroleum-based products.

47 uring chemicals, enabling the replacement of petroleum-based raw materials with renewable biobased fe

48 he capability to be a "green" alternative to petroleum-based solvents in CCC applications.

49 ion of key chemical building blocks from non-petroleum-based sources such as natural gas, coal, or bi

50 cals from synthesis gas originating from non-petroleum-based sources.

51 ls have emerged as promising alternatives to petroleum-based transportation fuels.

52 in the U.S. in 2005, known as the NETL 2005 Petroleum Baseline.

53 for understanding the complicated process of petroleum biodegradation in marine environments.

54 tal sources, as well as polar metabolites of petroleum biodegradation.

55 he oil spill is based on a trace analysis of petroleum biomarkers (steranes, diasteranes, and pentacy

56 Analysis of hopanoid petroleum biomarkers isolated from the floc provides str

57 Petroleum biomarkers such as hopanoids, steranes, and tr

58 idence for extensive degradation of numerous petroleum biomarkers, notably including the native inter

59 ic low-molecular weight aromatic fraction of petroleum, but the extent of adsorption was insufficient

60 al present in systems otherwise dominated by petroleum carbon has important implications for remediat

61 ubility in solvents that are rarely used for petroleum characterization providing better coverage of

62 mixtures) are generally not compatible with petroleum characterization using mass spectrometry.

63 source samples were also analyzed, including petroleum coke (petcoke, from both delayed and fluid cok

64 were therefore performed on oil sands fluid petroleum coke deposits in Alberta, Canada.

65 Petroleum coke or "petcoke" is a granular carbonaceous m

66 This suggests that petroleum coke particles are a potential source of heter

67 to trace V(V) was also detected within fluid petroleum coke particles.

68 o "char" (a carbonaceous material similar to petroleum coke) and enhanced soil fertility.

69 potential to leach into the environment from petroleum coke, an oil sands byproduct.

70 and air were observed in extracts of delayed petroleum coke, with similar distributions.

71 rom heavy crude oils, tar sands bitumen, and petroleum coke.

72 toxicity of leachates derived from oil sands petroleum coke.

73 contained more than 3 x 10(7) m(3) of fluid petroleum coke.

74 useful for the speciation of the most acidic petroleum components that are implicated in oil producti

75 dels are needed to simulate the behaviors of petroleum compounds released in deep (>100 m) waters.

76 GC/APCI enables soft ionization of petroleum compounds that form abundant molecular ions wi

77 that nano-DESI analysis efficiently ionizes petroleum constituents soluble in a particular solvent.

78 ng that the microbial communities growing on petroleum constituents were dominated by aerobic heterot

79 G) Emission standards are designed to reduce petroleum consumption and GHG emissions from light-duty

80 ize, 4.4 x 10(6)) against hapten markers for petroleum contamination (phenanthrene and methylphenanth

81 dation products in samples influenced by the petroleum contamination and its biodegradation.

82 Increasingly frequent petroleum contamination in water bodies continues to thr

83 Butadiene is a product of petroleum cracking and is produced on an enormous scale

84 eaviest, most polar and aromatic fraction of petroleum crucial to the formation of highly-stable wate

85 olecules (<2000 Da) such as those present in petroleum crude oil and petroleum deposits.

86 Studies of exposure to petroleum (crude oil/fuel) often involve monitoring benz

87 Thus, petroleum deposit geometry impacts local dominant electr

88 as those present in petroleum crude oil and petroleum deposits.

89 Those chemical groups included petroleum derivatives for anencephaly, hydroxybenzonitri

90 urces are: sugarcane burn before harvest and petroleum derivatives.

91 rams or 4.1 to 4.6 million barrels of fossil petroleum derived carbon (petrocarbon) as oil into the G

92 Increasing interest in petroleum derived from unconventional deposits is likely

93 s pointed to an increasingly larger input of petroleum-derived (i.e., petrogenic) PAHs over the past

94 atic hydrocarbons such as fatty alcohols and petroleum-derived alkanes have numerous applications in

95 ion (ethanol and isobutanol) or hydration of petroleum-derived alkenes (heavier alcohols), but their

96 sess properties akin or superior to existing petroleum-derived analogs.

97 phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) reveals that petroleum-derived carbon was a primary carbon source for

98 epresent potential renewable alternatives to petroleum-derived chemicals.

99 Acrylonitrile (ACN) is a petroleum-derived compound used in resins, polymers, acr

100 t of the Continental Divide, are enriched in petroleum-derived compounds, including polycyclic aromat

101 r appeared to have higher GHG emissions than petroleum-derived diesel at the highest GWPbio.

102 tion with biofuel but remained inactive with petroleum-derived diesel fuel.

103 efining processes that alleviate reliance on petroleum-derived energy and chemicals.

104 d compounds were degraded first, followed by petroleum-derived exogenous pollutants, and finally by h

105 n the United States (U.S.) rely primarily on petroleum-derived fuels and contribute the majority of U

106 icating whether these fuels are preferred to petroleum-derived fuels or not.

107 ne pond systems can be comparable to that of petroleum-derived fuels.

108 less than those of conventionally produced, petroleum-derived fuels.

109 rogen-storage materials as an alternative to petroleum-derived fuels.

110 apable of supplementing or replacing current petroleum-derived fuels.

111 that are capable of replacing conventional, petroleum-derived gasoline and diesel continue to be scr

112 The method is not limited to petroleum-derived materials and could be applied to the

113 alate (PET), is obtained by the oxidation of petroleum-derived p-xylene.

114 prise a significant fraction of the total in petroleum-derived PAHs and in some pyrogenic PAH mixture

115 ch is a potential large-scale substitute for petroleum-derived polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

116 C) for each bioproduct and its corresponding petroleum-derived product.

117 Diphenylamines are widely used to protect petroleum-derived products from autoxidation.

118 ustrial additives, finding widespread use in petroleum-derived products.

119 comprehensive molecular characterization for petroleum-derived releases.

120 ing attention as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-derived surfactants.

121 the world's largest-produced alternative to petroleum-derived transportation fuels due to its compat

122 h combustion pathway have lower impacts than petroleum diesel in all environmental categories examine

123 sclosed organic compounds used in HVHF, only petroleum distillates and alcohol polyethoxylates were p

124 s resulting from a rapidly evolving domestic petroleum energy landscape.

125 OPGEE uses petroleum engineering fundamentals to model emissions fr

126 noflagellates is a noteworthy route by which petroleum enters marine food webs and a previously overl

127 ts with adenine-induced CKD treated with the petroleum ether (PE)-, ethyl acetate (EA)- and n-butanol

128 Carotenoids were isolated using acetone-petroleum ether extraction followed by spectrophotometri

129 ract>methanol extract>chloroform extract>and petroleum ether extracts.

130 Soxhlet extraction of the RSP (petroleum ether followed by 95% ethanol) gave a solid ex

131 % methanol, 50% acetone, 0.01% pectinase, or petroleum ether were also evaluated.

132 n exposure of the EC sensor film to HCCl3 in petroleum ether, a colored product is produced within th

133 nd to determine the effect of treatment with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of

134 ca, or zeolite seed), and many oils (decane, petroleum ether, or ethyl acetate).

135 d to react with BF3 freshly preformulated in petroleum ether/tetrahydrofuran (50:1).

136 many environments including sewage systems, petroleum extraction platforms, kraft paper mills, and e

137 nt droughts and concerns about water use for petroleum extraction renew the need to inventory water u

138 plex geometries, such as porous media during petroleum extraction, in microfluidic two-phase flows, o

139 With the expansion of offshore petroleum extraction, validated models are needed to sim

140 The syntheses of carboxylates from petroleum feedstock require a series of oxidation reacti

141 The replacement of petroleum feedstocks with biomass to produce platform ch

142 In light of diminishing petroleum feedstocks, there is significant interest in d

143 mination of the life-cycle emissions of U.S. petroleum feedstocks.

144 d water column measurements, 24% of released petroleum fluid mass became channeled into a stable deep

145 tionally, the simulated densities of emitted petroleum fluids affect previous estimates of the volume

146 ly, which increased dissolution of ascending petroleum fluids by 25%.

147 el predicts that 27% of the released mass of petroleum fluids dissolved into the sea during ascent fr

148 The photooxidation of compounds in petroleum, following exposure to sunlight, is expected t

149 As with natural petroleum formation, the water in contact with the produ

150 s byproduct of processing the unconventional petroleum found in northern Alberta, Canada.

151 of the regulatory requirements for sulfur in petroleum fractions.

152 transit buses (31% reduction compared to the petroleum-fueled vehicles).

153 ent of GHG emissions associated with various petroleum fuels; such assessment is the centerpiece of l

154 rk, we systematically enhanced the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensing performance of chemical bath

155 methyl ether, is a diesel fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) substitute.

156 Clean stoves (liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), biogas, and electric) are heralded

157 ases, propane, n-butane, CO(2) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), was investigated towards FOS produc

158 (RFO), and 90.8% (88.0%-94.3%) for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).

159 DS), and we combusted propane as a liquified petroleum gas control fuel.

160 Higher use of liquefied petroleum gas for cooking was associated with lower 5q0

161 lar exhaust, gasoline evaporation, liquefied petroleum gas, and air conditioners.

162 Propane, the bulk component of liquid petroleum gas, is an appealing target as it already has

163 A comparison of three energy sectors (petroleum, gas, and electricity) reveals that freshwater

164 detailed understanding of the role of NA in petroleum generation and oil production processes, refin

165 opic picture of the heterogeneous process of petroleum generation.

166 ion in the chemical composition of OM during petroleum generation.

167 ronmental analysis and forensic chemistry of petroleum have relied almost exclusively on gas chromato

168 worms at 6 PAH-contaminated locations and 8 petroleum hydrocarbon (oil)-contaminated locations was c

169 Results show that total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal rate almost doubled

170 bslab vapor mitigation systems at sites with petroleum hydrocarbon and/or methane vapor impact concer

171 rstanding of the DOM with respect to in situ petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation and microbial sulfa

172 e degree of toxicity was correlated to total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration.

173 subfamily I.2.C catechol 2,3-dioxygenases in petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated hypoxic groundwaters,

174 Application to assessment of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil samples from Mac

175 g., cy17:0 and cy19:0) often associated with petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria.

176 ay dolphins are uncommon but consistent with petroleum hydrocarbon exposure and toxicity.

177 elation to groundwater geochemistry across a petroleum hydrocarbon plume cross-section.

178 tention is a viable solution for sustainable petroleum hydrocarbon removal from stormwater, and that

179 odegradation in attenuating the migration of petroleum hydrocarbon vapors into the indoor environment

180 1) soil) additions of sodium persulfate to a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, as well as sand

181 uded notorious groundwater contaminants like petroleum hydrocarbons (solvents), precursors of endocri

182 We selected petroleum hydrocarbons (toluene and ethylbenzene, in 1:2

183 Pyrolytic treatment reduced total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) to below regulatory standar

184 Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were 18 +/- 0.6 g/kg soil,

185 dardized against known oil volumes and total petroleum hydrocarbons and benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-

186 The microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons at low temperatures was investiga

187 es may play a key role in BES enhancement of petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation in soils.

188 of oil and gas began 43 days into the spill, petroleum hydrocarbons decreased, the fraction of aromat

189 ed into raw water saturated soils containing petroleum hydrocarbons for enhancing in situ remediation

190 contribute to the sinking and flux of toxic petroleum hydrocarbons in coastal waters.

191 hen enabled us to study the fractionation of petroleum hydrocarbons in discrete water samples collect

192 ted how gas-phase O3 interacts with residual petroleum hydrocarbons in soil.

193 y used to investigate the source and fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment based on the p

194 ctly predicted the observed fractionation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the oil slick resulting from e

195 veal that molecular-level transformations of petroleum hydrocarbons lead to increasing amounts of, ap

196 reported from environments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons or plastics debris.

197 imarily driven by the availability of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons rather than natural gases.

198 e on biodegradation of essentially insoluble petroleum hydrocarbons that are biodegraded primarily at

199 n for 125 aliphatic, aromatic, and biomarker petroleum hydrocarbons that settled to the deep ocean fl

200 Although petroleum hydrocarbons were detectable, Macondo oil coul

201 polar artifacts, can be quantified as "total petroleum hydrocarbons" using USEPA Methods 3510/8015B,

202 er (DOM) is quantitatively complemented with petroleum hydrocarbons.

203 usceptible to methanogenic biodegradation in petroleum-impacted anaerobic environments.

204 lkylated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum-impacted sediment and factors of 3-10 for poly

205 ential for AC amendment to sequester PAHs in petroleum-impacted sediments and the effect of contact t

206 ent slurry was reduced up to 99% and 98% for petroleum-impacted sediments with oil contents of 1% and

207 rocarbons (PAHs) including alkylated-PAHs in petroleum-impacted sediments.

208 -PAHs, which predominate over parent-PAHs in petroleum-impacted sediments.

209 y be a factor during rapid biodegradation of petroleum in the laboratory and may not occur to a great

210 selective production of hydrocarbons in the petroleum industry and for selective polymer decompositi

211 t generation of effective green KHIs for the petroleum industry to ensure safe and efficient hydrocar

212 e most important conversion processes in the petroleum industry.

213 ental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry.

214 The majority of global petroleum is in the form of highly viscous heavy oil.

215 sulfur, and oxygen)-containing compounds of petroleum is of key importance when considering industri

216 Petroleum is one of the most precious and complex molecu

217 2)-(80.8 +/- 8.1) muM/day] or its blend with petroleum-JP5 (76.7 +/- 2.4 muM/day).

218 ctive method for converting wet biomass into petroleum-like biocrude oil that can be refined to make

219 tion of the 600,000-900,000 tons of released petroleum liquid and natural gas became entrapped below

220 tested against available laboratory data on petroleum liquid densities, gas/liquid volume fractions,

221 ed the median initial diameters of simulated petroleum liquid droplets and gas bubbles by 3.2-fold an

222 We modeled the buoyant jet of petroleum liquid droplets, gas bubbles, and entrained se

223 compounds ( approximately 23%) and suspended petroleum liquid microdroplets ( approximately 0.8%).

224 We are able to identify a suite of polar petroleum markers that are environmentally persistent, e

225 degradation was contributing to the observed petroleum mass loss.

226 n the synthesis of molecules relevant to the petroleum, materials, agricultural and pharmaceutical in

227 argeted GCxGC-TOFMS approach to characterize petroleum metabolites in environmental samples gathered

228 We find that the emitted petroleum mixture was approximately 29-44% gas and appro

229 sities, and gas-liquid-water partitioning of petroleum mixtures with varying pressure, temperature, a

230 istributions in organic reactions, including petroleum modification.

231 NCS treated different forms of petroleum oil (raw and distillate form) with considerabl

232 Starting with coal, followed by petroleum oil and natural gas, the utilization of fossil

233 ecreasing per capita rates of consumption of petroleum, phosphate, agricultural land, fresh water, fi

234 6 times larger than Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) estimates for natural gas wel

235 eeps, when the source contains more than one petroleum product or when extensive weathering has occur

236 available activity data for 2010 California petroleum production and natural gas production, process

237 Results show that upstream emissions from petroleum production operations can vary from 3 gCO2/MJ

238 l gas seeps as well as those associated with petroleum production, both of which are poorly known, wi

239 Measurement of water in 12 petroleum products along with 3 National Institute of St

240 al materials (UVCBs), including many refined petroleum products, present a major challenge in regulat

241 ike biocrude oil that can be refined to make petroleum products.

242 electrification (40% of miles traveled) the petroleum-reduction benchmark could be satisfied, even w

243 ven scenarios were benchmarked against a 50% petroleum-reduction target and an 80% GHG-reduction targ

244 ites play numerous important roles in modern petroleum refineries and have the potential to advance t

245 os, and La-Ce-Sm ternary diagrams pointed to petroleum refineries as being largely responsible for en

246 ssions arising from nonroutine operations of petroleum refinery fluidized-bed catalytic cracking unit

247 A petroleum refinery model, Petroleum Refinery Life-cycle Inventory Model (PRELIM),

248 A petroleum refinery model, Petroleum Refinery Life-cycle Inventory Model (PRELIM),

249 A petroleum refinery model, Petroleum Refinery Life-cycle

250 A petroleum refinery model, Petroleum Refinery Life-cycle

251 ship-breaking, petrochemical plants and the petroleum refinery.

252 blocks similar to alkenes and aromatics in a petroleum refining complex.

253 erated annually from hydrodesulfurization in petroleum refining processes; however, it has a limited

254 (>94%) can be attributed to the food, paper, petroleum refining, and chemicals industries.

255 lications ranging from water purification to petroleum refining, chemicals production, and carbon cap

256 educes tailpipe emissions and emissions from petroleum refining, transport, and storage, but increase

257 kanes with 18-30 carbon atoms encountered in petroleum refining.

258 primary IVOCs was observed, suggesting that petroleum-related sources other than on-road diesel vehi

259 ution factor, methane is a natural choice as petroleum replacement in cars and other mobile applicati

260 robially derived aliphatic hydrocarbons, the petroleum-replica fuels, have emerged as promising alter

261 Here we report on production of such petroleum-replica hydrocarbons in Escherichia coli.

262 o vulgaris Hildenborough, cause "souring" of petroleum reservoirs through produced sulfide and precip

263 cterial lineage found in geothermal systems, petroleum reservoirs, anaerobic digesters and wastewater

264 ation and improvement of floodwater sweep in petroleum reservoirs.

265 hich ozone gas interacted with the weathered petroleum residuals in soil to generate soluble and biod

266 66% fossil carbon indicating the presence of petroleum residues that have been transformed into more

267 r nations that have their own unconventional petroleum resources and are beginning to move forward wi

268 is paper will help future development of the petroleum resources and kinematics study in the Tarim Ba

269 lic aromatic hydrocarbons as well as complex petroleum samples revealed predominantly molecular ions

270 ty on the one hand misses bulk components of petroleum samples such as alkanes and does not deliver a

271 alibration method, which enables analysis of petroleum samples with Orbitrap FTMS.

272 emonstrated by the analysis of proteomic and petroleum samples, where the integration of IMS and high

273 es a foundation to understand all aspects of petroleum science from colloidal structure and interfaci

274 hina have similar demand associated with the petroleum sector, international freshwater consumption i

275 es both in modeling platform and in the U.S. petroleum sector.

276 nce material SCo-1 (sample matrix similar to petroleum source rock) and the widely used Liquid Os Sta

277 Despite an obvious link to a petroleum source, speculation exists that biogenic sourc

278 antly (>90%) fossil-derived and hence have a petroleum source.

279 hnology currently using ILs synthesized from petroleum sources.

280 olar fractions, are principally derived from petroleum sources.

281 ives to chemical dispersants for large-scale petroleum spills.

282 is especially important in the aftermath of petroleum spills.

283 We used petroleum substances from four petroleum substance manufacturing streams and evaluated

284 We used petroleum substances from four petroleum substance manuf

285 ion revealed group-specific similarities for petroleum substances.

286 billion years) is widely used to investigate petroleum system processes.

287 uctural fragments present in unrefined heavy petroleum, tethered together by short saturated alkyl ch

288 uels and products are presently derived from petroleum, there is much interest in the development of

289 al structure and interfacial interactions to petroleum thermodynamics, enabling a first-principles ap

290 nsive molecular library of the unadulterated petroleum to compare to a tar ball collected on the beac

291 implications of fuel switching from coal or petroleum to natural gas.

292 nd environmentally preferable alternative to petroleum transportation fuels without considerable impr

293 thanol or vehicle electrification can reduce petroleum use, while bioelectricity may displace nonpetr

294 would potentially reduce raw materials from petroleum, use 84% less energy, reduce emission by 1-6 t

295 oil sands industry, an alternative source of petroleum, uses large quantities of water during process

296 economically viable alternatives to displace petroleum using existing infrastructure.

297 omatic hydrocarbons from refinery pollution, petroleum waste sites, and mobile sources (automobile ex

298 ale gas, conventional natural gas, coal, and petroleum, we estimated up-to-date life-cycle greenhouse

299 This finding contrasts with petroleum, which exhibits a varying ratio of territorial

300 mulsion breaking and solvent deasphalting of petroleum, yielding high recovery values (98%) without c