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1 cost of producing virgin polycarbonates from petroleum.
2 bon advanced cellulosic biofuels in place of petroleum.
3 they are common in organic media, including petroleum.
4 crofluidic systems for sample preparation of petroleum.
5 during combustion when compared to coal and petroleum.
6 erved in modern and ancient sediments and in petroleum.
7 ed by the chemical industry are derived from petroleum.
8 r of components in complex mixtures, such as petroleum.
9 missions from the consumption of coal (49%), petroleum (25%), natural gas (17%), and biomass (9%).
13 o U.S. refineries and cover the largest four Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD) reg
18 n estimation (ICE) models were developed for petroleum and dispersant products to facilitate the pred
19 pproach to estimating toxicity to a range of petroleum and dispersant products with applicability to
20 tion data sets to accurately forecast future petroleum and GHG emissions savings from hybridization o
22 al estimates are 3 to 7 times higher for the petroleum and natural gas production sectors but similar
23 fficiency of conversion of hydrocarbons from petroleum and natural gas to higher-value materials.
24 erm global climate change, caused by burning petroleum and other fossil fuels, has motivated an urgen
26 s with two study sediments contaminated with petroleum and polychlorinated biphenyls, respectively, a
27 tal, economic, and political advantages over petroleum as a source of energy for the transportation s
31 dity plastics and materials are derived from petroleum-based chemicals, illustrating the strong depen
32 Biodegradation of organic matter, including petroleum-based fuels and biofuels, can create undesired
33 (WTW) life cycle greenhouse gas analysis of petroleum-based fuels consumed in the U.S. in 2005, know
35 (0-6% and 19%, respectively, compared to the petroleum-based fuels), while other natural gas pathways
38 (rms) mass measurement error of <100 ppb on petroleum-based mixtures that contain tens of thousands
44 ntial to provide sustainable substitutes for petroleum-based products and new chemical building block
47 uring chemicals, enabling the replacement of petroleum-based raw materials with renewable biobased fe
49 ion of key chemical building blocks from non-petroleum-based sources such as natural gas, coal, or bi
55 he oil spill is based on a trace analysis of petroleum biomarkers (steranes, diasteranes, and pentacy
58 idence for extensive degradation of numerous petroleum biomarkers, notably including the native inter
59 ic low-molecular weight aromatic fraction of petroleum, but the extent of adsorption was insufficient
60 al present in systems otherwise dominated by petroleum carbon has important implications for remediat
61 ubility in solvents that are rarely used for petroleum characterization providing better coverage of
63 source samples were also analyzed, including petroleum coke (petcoke, from both delayed and fluid cok
74 useful for the speciation of the most acidic petroleum components that are implicated in oil producti
75 dels are needed to simulate the behaviors of petroleum compounds released in deep (>100 m) waters.
77 that nano-DESI analysis efficiently ionizes petroleum constituents soluble in a particular solvent.
78 ng that the microbial communities growing on petroleum constituents were dominated by aerobic heterot
79 G) Emission standards are designed to reduce petroleum consumption and GHG emissions from light-duty
80 ize, 4.4 x 10(6)) against hapten markers for petroleum contamination (phenanthrene and methylphenanth
84 eaviest, most polar and aromatic fraction of petroleum crucial to the formation of highly-stable wate
91 rams or 4.1 to 4.6 million barrels of fossil petroleum derived carbon (petrocarbon) as oil into the G
93 s pointed to an increasingly larger input of petroleum-derived (i.e., petrogenic) PAHs over the past
94 atic hydrocarbons such as fatty alcohols and petroleum-derived alkanes have numerous applications in
95 ion (ethanol and isobutanol) or hydration of petroleum-derived alkenes (heavier alcohols), but their
97 phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) reveals that petroleum-derived carbon was a primary carbon source for
100 t of the Continental Divide, are enriched in petroleum-derived compounds, including polycyclic aromat
104 d compounds were degraded first, followed by petroleum-derived exogenous pollutants, and finally by h
105 n the United States (U.S.) rely primarily on petroleum-derived fuels and contribute the majority of U
111 that are capable of replacing conventional, petroleum-derived gasoline and diesel continue to be scr
114 prise a significant fraction of the total in petroleum-derived PAHs and in some pyrogenic PAH mixture
115 ch is a potential large-scale substitute for petroleum-derived polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
121 the world's largest-produced alternative to petroleum-derived transportation fuels due to its compat
122 h combustion pathway have lower impacts than petroleum diesel in all environmental categories examine
123 sclosed organic compounds used in HVHF, only petroleum distillates and alcohol polyethoxylates were p
126 noflagellates is a noteworthy route by which petroleum enters marine food webs and a previously overl
127 ts with adenine-induced CKD treated with the petroleum ether (PE)-, ethyl acetate (EA)- and n-butanol
128 Carotenoids were isolated using acetone-petroleum ether extraction followed by spectrophotometri
132 n exposure of the EC sensor film to HCCl3 in petroleum ether, a colored product is produced within th
133 nd to determine the effect of treatment with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of
136 many environments including sewage systems, petroleum extraction platforms, kraft paper mills, and e
137 nt droughts and concerns about water use for petroleum extraction renew the need to inventory water u
138 plex geometries, such as porous media during petroleum extraction, in microfluidic two-phase flows, o
144 d water column measurements, 24% of released petroleum fluid mass became channeled into a stable deep
145 tionally, the simulated densities of emitted petroleum fluids affect previous estimates of the volume
147 el predicts that 27% of the released mass of petroleum fluids dissolved into the sea during ascent fr
153 ent of GHG emissions associated with various petroleum fuels; such assessment is the centerpiece of l
154 rk, we systematically enhanced the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensing performance of chemical bath
157 ases, propane, n-butane, CO(2) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), was investigated towards FOS produc
164 detailed understanding of the role of NA in petroleum generation and oil production processes, refin
167 ronmental analysis and forensic chemistry of petroleum have relied almost exclusively on gas chromato
168 worms at 6 PAH-contaminated locations and 8 petroleum hydrocarbon (oil)-contaminated locations was c
170 bslab vapor mitigation systems at sites with petroleum hydrocarbon and/or methane vapor impact concer
171 rstanding of the DOM with respect to in situ petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation and microbial sulfa
173 subfamily I.2.C catechol 2,3-dioxygenases in petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated hypoxic groundwaters,
178 tention is a viable solution for sustainable petroleum hydrocarbon removal from stormwater, and that
179 odegradation in attenuating the migration of petroleum hydrocarbon vapors into the indoor environment
180 1) soil) additions of sodium persulfate to a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, as well as sand
181 uded notorious groundwater contaminants like petroleum hydrocarbons (solvents), precursors of endocri
185 dardized against known oil volumes and total petroleum hydrocarbons and benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-
188 of oil and gas began 43 days into the spill, petroleum hydrocarbons decreased, the fraction of aromat
189 ed into raw water saturated soils containing petroleum hydrocarbons for enhancing in situ remediation
191 hen enabled us to study the fractionation of petroleum hydrocarbons in discrete water samples collect
193 y used to investigate the source and fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment based on the p
194 ctly predicted the observed fractionation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the oil slick resulting from e
195 veal that molecular-level transformations of petroleum hydrocarbons lead to increasing amounts of, ap
198 e on biodegradation of essentially insoluble petroleum hydrocarbons that are biodegraded primarily at
199 n for 125 aliphatic, aromatic, and biomarker petroleum hydrocarbons that settled to the deep ocean fl
201 polar artifacts, can be quantified as "total petroleum hydrocarbons" using USEPA Methods 3510/8015B,
204 lkylated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum-impacted sediment and factors of 3-10 for poly
205 ential for AC amendment to sequester PAHs in petroleum-impacted sediments and the effect of contact t
206 ent slurry was reduced up to 99% and 98% for petroleum-impacted sediments with oil contents of 1% and
209 y be a factor during rapid biodegradation of petroleum in the laboratory and may not occur to a great
210 selective production of hydrocarbons in the petroleum industry and for selective polymer decompositi
211 t generation of effective green KHIs for the petroleum industry to ensure safe and efficient hydrocar
215 sulfur, and oxygen)-containing compounds of petroleum is of key importance when considering industri
218 ctive method for converting wet biomass into petroleum-like biocrude oil that can be refined to make
219 tion of the 600,000-900,000 tons of released petroleum liquid and natural gas became entrapped below
220 tested against available laboratory data on petroleum liquid densities, gas/liquid volume fractions,
221 ed the median initial diameters of simulated petroleum liquid droplets and gas bubbles by 3.2-fold an
223 compounds ( approximately 23%) and suspended petroleum liquid microdroplets ( approximately 0.8%).
224 We are able to identify a suite of polar petroleum markers that are environmentally persistent, e
226 n the synthesis of molecules relevant to the petroleum, materials, agricultural and pharmaceutical in
227 argeted GCxGC-TOFMS approach to characterize petroleum metabolites in environmental samples gathered
229 sities, and gas-liquid-water partitioning of petroleum mixtures with varying pressure, temperature, a
233 ecreasing per capita rates of consumption of petroleum, phosphate, agricultural land, fresh water, fi
234 6 times larger than Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) estimates for natural gas wel
235 eeps, when the source contains more than one petroleum product or when extensive weathering has occur
236 available activity data for 2010 California petroleum production and natural gas production, process
237 Results show that upstream emissions from petroleum production operations can vary from 3 gCO2/MJ
238 l gas seeps as well as those associated with petroleum production, both of which are poorly known, wi
240 al materials (UVCBs), including many refined petroleum products, present a major challenge in regulat
242 electrification (40% of miles traveled) the petroleum-reduction benchmark could be satisfied, even w
243 ven scenarios were benchmarked against a 50% petroleum-reduction target and an 80% GHG-reduction targ
244 ites play numerous important roles in modern petroleum refineries and have the potential to advance t
245 os, and La-Ce-Sm ternary diagrams pointed to petroleum refineries as being largely responsible for en
246 ssions arising from nonroutine operations of petroleum refinery fluidized-bed catalytic cracking unit
253 erated annually from hydrodesulfurization in petroleum refining processes; however, it has a limited
255 lications ranging from water purification to petroleum refining, chemicals production, and carbon cap
256 educes tailpipe emissions and emissions from petroleum refining, transport, and storage, but increase
258 primary IVOCs was observed, suggesting that petroleum-related sources other than on-road diesel vehi
259 ution factor, methane is a natural choice as petroleum replacement in cars and other mobile applicati
260 robially derived aliphatic hydrocarbons, the petroleum-replica fuels, have emerged as promising alter
262 o vulgaris Hildenborough, cause "souring" of petroleum reservoirs through produced sulfide and precip
263 cterial lineage found in geothermal systems, petroleum reservoirs, anaerobic digesters and wastewater
265 hich ozone gas interacted with the weathered petroleum residuals in soil to generate soluble and biod
266 66% fossil carbon indicating the presence of petroleum residues that have been transformed into more
267 r nations that have their own unconventional petroleum resources and are beginning to move forward wi
268 is paper will help future development of the petroleum resources and kinematics study in the Tarim Ba
269 lic aromatic hydrocarbons as well as complex petroleum samples revealed predominantly molecular ions
270 ty on the one hand misses bulk components of petroleum samples such as alkanes and does not deliver a
272 emonstrated by the analysis of proteomic and petroleum samples, where the integration of IMS and high
273 es a foundation to understand all aspects of petroleum science from colloidal structure and interfaci
274 hina have similar demand associated with the petroleum sector, international freshwater consumption i
276 nce material SCo-1 (sample matrix similar to petroleum source rock) and the widely used Liquid Os Sta
287 uctural fragments present in unrefined heavy petroleum, tethered together by short saturated alkyl ch
288 uels and products are presently derived from petroleum, there is much interest in the development of
289 al structure and interfacial interactions to petroleum thermodynamics, enabling a first-principles ap
290 nsive molecular library of the unadulterated petroleum to compare to a tar ball collected on the beac
292 nd environmentally preferable alternative to petroleum transportation fuels without considerable impr
293 thanol or vehicle electrification can reduce petroleum use, while bioelectricity may displace nonpetr
294 would potentially reduce raw materials from petroleum, use 84% less energy, reduce emission by 1-6 t
295 oil sands industry, an alternative source of petroleum, uses large quantities of water during process
297 omatic hydrocarbons from refinery pollution, petroleum waste sites, and mobile sources (automobile ex
298 ale gas, conventional natural gas, coal, and petroleum, we estimated up-to-date life-cycle greenhouse
300 mulsion breaking and solvent deasphalting of petroleum, yielding high recovery values (98%) without c
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