ライフサイエンスコーパス: phasic

1 ividual cell mismatch responses are strongly phasic.

2 ress-resilience is associated with increased phasic 2-AG-mediated synaptic suppression at ventral hip

3 We first confirmed that detected cues evoke phasic acetylcholine release.

4 recording from hundreds of neurons emitting phasic action potentials have produced the challenge of

5 etter understand the relationship between LC phasic activation and sensory, motor, and decision proce

6 Therefore, LC+ phasic activation encodes sensory and motor events relat

7 em nucleus locus ceruleus (LC) often exhibit phasic activation in the context of simple sensory-motor

8 By tapping into the phasic activation of arterial baroreceptors, known to be

9 Finally, we found that phasic activation of dopamine neurons also induces great

10 Here, we show that phasic activation of nigrostriatal afferents in a mouse

11 Functional changes associated with tonic and phasic activation of the LHb are often attributed to a c

12 are time locked to the delivery of rewards, phasic activation of these projections does not necessar

13 These data establish causation between phasic activation of VTA dopamine neurons and global fMR

14 Phasic activation of VTA dopamine neurons increased BOLD

15 ly studies focused on the relationship of LC phasic activation to salient sensory events, whereas mor

16 In contrast, in adult mice, the effect of phasic activity diminishes.

17 of the mesofrontal circuit are modifiable by phasic activity in dopaminergic neurons during adolescen

18 ons of the pupil are tightly associated with phasic activity in noradrenergic axons, whereas longer-l

19 Substantial evidence suggests that the phasic activity of dopamine neurons represents reinforce

20 uscle where Ca(2+) entry via CavL results in phasic activity that sums to produce tone.

21 ring rate (tonic activity) and burst firing (phasic activity) of identified midbrain DA neurons are i

22 Exogenously increasing tonic, but not phasic, activity of LC-NE neurons is alone sufficient fo

23 f the auditory system by showing an auditory-phasic alerting effect in visual attention.

24 the cerebrocerebellum receive sensory-evoked phasic and spillover inhibition prior to mossy fiber exc

25 outon membrane sufficiently to modulate both phasic and spontaneous release.

26 cell synapses are capable of providing both phasic and sustained inhibitory input to their postsynap

27 It is widely thought that phasic and sustained responses to threat reflect dissoci

28 ver, across a wide variety of contexts, both phasic and tonic aspects of dopamine are likely to exert

29 Thus, the LEC formed phasic and tonic codes for event-environment association

30 HS38 also significantly attenuated both phasic and tonic contractile responses elicited by pheny

31 ists that effectively treat TS decrease both phasic and tonic DA, thereby also reducing the propensit

32 e suggest that TS involves increases in both phasic and tonic DA, which produce increased propensitie

33 els have characterized the specific roles of phasic and tonic dopamine (DA) in action learning and se

34 the importance of a relative balance between phasic and tonic dopaminergic activity subserved by D1-

35 Toggling between phasic and tonic firing in thalamocortical neurons launc

36 Finally, we show that both phasic and tonic forms of glycinergic inhibition are med

37 The shared stoichiometry for phasic and tonic glycine receptors suggests pharmacology

38 Together these data suggest both phasic and tonic glycinergic inhibition regulate the out

39 thus preserving the capacity to enhance both phasic and tonic inhibition, mediated by synaptic and ex

40 d at synaptic or nonsynaptic sites mediating phasic and tonic inhibition, respectively.

41 t synaptic and non-synaptic sites to mediate phasic and tonic inhibition, respectively.

42 different receptor stoichiometries underlie phasic and tonic inhibition.

43 lly mediated via their ability to potentiate phasic and tonic inhibitory neurotransmission mediated b

44 nificance statement: The brain requires both phasic and tonic regulation of its blood supply to servi

45 active oxygen and nitrogen species, modulate phasic and tonic responses mediated by neuronal GABAA re

46 ed in the second antennal segment and detect phasic and tonic rotations of the third antennal segment

47 ed a cell type-specific upregulation of both phasic and tonic signaling with CIE, the latter of which

48 e loaded microspheres is their respective bi-phasic and tri-phasic release profiles with varying burs

49 We draw attention to studies indicating that phasic arousal increases interference effects in tasks n

50 We conclude that phasic arousal suppresses decision bias on a trial-by-tr

51 We tracked pupil responses (a proxy of phasic arousal) during sensory-motor decisions in humans

52 regulators that are present in both neurons: phasic ASH release is strongly dependent on UNC-13, wher

53 e drug release profile from PLGA NMP was tri-phasic, being sustained over 5days.

54 characteristic differences (bi-phasic vs tri-phasic) between microspheres can affect the development

55 activator and inhibitor underlies the multi-phasic bi-directional turning response of the growth con

56 hile many mechanisms have been described for phasic blood flow regulation, how the brain accomplishes

57 The approach, termed Phasic Burst Stimulation (PhaBS), applies a burst of sti

58 tion, nor interspike interval variability of phasic bursting activity was affected.

59 nitiation, sustention, or termination of the phasic bursting generated in an intrinsic manner without

60 ask, putative noncholinergic BF neurons with phasic bursting responses to the go signal were nearly c

61 erate two forms of output: tonic spiking and phasic bursting.

62 atterns, characterized by tonic activity and phasic bursts that were temporally associated with disti

63 S408/9A homozygotes exhibited increased phasic, but decreased tonic, inhibition, events that cor

64 on imaging in adolescent mice, we found that phasic, but not tonic, dopamine neuron activity induces

65 ollowed by conduction to adjacent SMCs where phasic calcium entry through CavL sums to produce tone.

66 electrophysiological index of outcome-evoked phasic catecholamine release in the cortex-predicted lea

67 ells preceded the activity surge in CA3-CA1 (phasic cells).

68 Correlative studies have strongly linked phasic changes in dopamine activity with reward predicti

69 SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Phasic changes in the activity of midbrain dopamine cell

70 blood flow is controlled regionally through phasic changes in the activity of neurons and astrocytes

71 mice, GE was accelerated and gastric ICC and phasic cholinergic responses were increased.

72 pting class 2 excitability and 46% displayed phasic class 3 excitability.

73 % of superior cervical ganglion neurons show phasic class 3 firing.

74 low-frequency IHCs allow them to follow the phasic component of sound (frequency-following), which i

75 This network includes phasic components, centered on primary somatosensory cor

76 Phasic contractions and tone in the IAS were nearly abol

77 d CavL have a central role in SW generation, phasic contractions and tone, independent of stretch.

78 ntary feedback loops, and that the resulting phasic contractions drive lymph flow.

79 The amplitude of tone and the frequency of phasic contractions was greater in the IAS than in rectu

80 ) and Botzinger (BotC) complexes involved in phasic control of respiratory pump and airway muscles.

81 monstrate neuroadaptive changes in tonic and phasic CRF with repeated stress, that CRF release during

82 release, the molecular mechanism regulating phasic CRH release remains poorly understood.

83 mputational model has been proposed in which phasic currents from pyramidal cells could drive synchro

84 ver, AP-activated synaptic receptor-mediated phasic currents were not affected by Zn(2+) Finally, int

85 Independently, phasic DA activated a slow depolarizing conductance and

86 c components of the mEP that corresponded to phasic DA and non-DA responses to salient stimuli.

87 Often, a phasic DA change occurs concomitantly with a dip in stri

88 ons and that activation of VTA AmyRs reduces phasic DA in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC).

89 and avoidance learning by detecting both the phasic DA increases and decreases during appetitive and

90 required only for approach learning because phasic DA increases during positive PEs are NMDA depende

91 These data demonstrate that phasic DA is released during cued approach and avoidance

92 fast control of striatal cholinergic tone by phasic DA provides a novel dynamic link of two transmitt

93 articular, in CINs without an initial burst, phasic DA release evoked a pause through D2-type DA rece

94 ombined approach-avoidance task, we measured phasic DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats

95 of single-unit firing and in measurements of phasic DA release in ventral striatum (VS).

96 In the core, phasic DA release was greatest following initial SL pres

97 tor habits reinforced by aberrant, increased phasic DA responses.

98 supports the idea that TS involves increased phasic DA responses; we also review the evidence that ti

99 sing fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to monitor phasic DA signaling in the nucleus accumbens core of coc

100 Although phasic DA signals in the shell were essentially abolishe

101 ing positive PEs are NMDA dependent, whereas phasic decreases during negative PEs are not.

102 show that 5-HT hyperpolarizes and abolishes phasic discharge in rat neuroendocrine tuberoinfundibula

103 within the NAc, less is known about whether phasic dopamine (DA) signaling in the NAc is altered in

104 ave questioned the classical hypothesis that phasic dopamine activity corresponds to a reward predict

105 ion equally well, only in sign-trackers does phasic dopamine activity show classical reward predictio

106 ion, we hypothesized that the suppression of phasic dopamine by LiCl is GLP-1R dependent.

107 Surprisingly, we found that phasic dopamine decreased in both regions as the rate of

108 Phasic dopamine is involved in the value assignment to s

109 Phasic dopamine is predicted to tag inputs that occur in

110 Only presentation of 50 kHz USVs induced phasic dopamine release and elicited approach behavior t

111 did not, however, affect the suppression of phasic dopamine release by the kappa-opioid receptor ago

112 Increased spontaneous phasic dopamine release helps to explain positive sympto

113 n dopamine neuron activity and thereby shape phasic dopamine release in target regions, particularly

114 We demonstrate that speech-induced phasic dopamine release into the dorsal striatum and spe

115 results in a potentiation of stimulus-evoked phasic dopamine release that may drive risky choice beha

116 odor-like bursts and optogenetically evoked phasic dopamine release were paired within a time window

117 orcement learning models, are represented by phasic dopamine release, and are known to affect momenta

118 n altered neural activity patterns, enhanced phasic dopamine release, behavioral hyperactivity, assoc

119 r relevant stimuli and increased spontaneous phasic dopamine release.

120 cue-motivated behavior through modulation of phasic dopamine release.

121 ophrenia involves a combination of decreased phasic dopamine responses for relevant stimuli and incre

122 text is compatible with the reward nature of phasic dopamine responses.

123 In contrast, phasic dopamine reward signals were strongly altered by

124 he synaptic potentiation persisted after the phasic dopamine signal had ceased, but gradually reverse

125 Indeed, we find that increased phasic dopamine signaling after adolescent alcohol use i

126 This pattern of phasic dopamine signaling and the associated bias in lea

127 a hypertonic sodium solution while measuring phasic dopamine signaling in rat nucleus accumbens.

128 Phasic dopamine signaling participates in associative le

129 iatal D2-receptors can encode both tonic and phasic dopamine signals.

130 general, whether they modulate food-evoked, phasic dopamine specifically is unknown.

131 has not been established between endogenous phasic dopamine transmission and measures of motivation,

132 ing behavior that positively correlates with phasic dopamine transmission in response to risky option

133 Phasic dopamine transmission is posited to act as a crit

134 ohol consumption potentiates stimulus-evoked phasic dopamine transmission, measured in vivo by fast-s

135 Much evidence suggests that this occurs when phasic dopamine, acting as a reinforcement prediction er

136 refore examined the features and dynamics of phasic dopamine-induced synaptic plasticity and how this

137 Thus, phasic dopamine-induced synaptic plasticity can change i

138 Existing theories propose that fast (phasic) dopamine fluctuations support learning, whereas

139 In addition, our data suggest that phasic dopaminergic activity may directly participate in

140 ts with fixed/tonic dystonia compared with a phasic/dynamic dystonia phenotype (p<0.001).

141 24.8 +/- 7.0% in patients with predominantly phasic dystonia.

142 These phasic effects have led to the hypothesis that conscious

143 Short-lived phasic electrical stimulation of the region of the nucle

144 der contractions were 252% larger and evoked phasic EUS activation 2.6 times as often as responses be

145 ental decrease in the duration of inhibitory phasic events results predominantly from a precisely tim

146 ion of reoccurring waveforms, referred to as phasic events, which are often associated with neural pr

147 ows that lengthening the time window between phasic excitation and inhibition by increasing dIN synap

148 During synchrony, the time window between phasic excitation and inhibition is 7.9 +/- 1 ms, shorte

149 Consistent with an important role for phasic excitation in driving spiking, we found that the

150 regulation of levels of tonic inhibition and phasic excitation.

151 -latency, sustained inhibition with delayed, phasic excitation; active membrane properties appeared t

152 Ribbon synapses convey sustained and phasic excitatory drive within retinal microcircuits.

153 hat fast-spiking interneurons receive large, phasic excitatory synaptic inputs immediately before spi

154 easable pool (RRP); that is, they encode the phasic exocytotic component.

155 n attenuate experimentally induced states of phasic fear and/or sustained anxiety.

156 Phasic fear is the response to a well defined threat and

157 nregulation of sustained anxiety rather than phasic fear.

158 naffected, while glutamate cotransmission at phasic firing frequencies was reduced, enabling a select

159 ive thalamocortical neurons into or out of a phasic firing mode in two freely behaving genetic rodent

160 CIN responses coincide with phasic firing of DAergic neurons in vivo.

161 iny projection neurons (iSPNs) and to excess phasic firing of tonically active interneurons (TANs).

162 ls was increased in p75(-/-) mice during the phasic firing period due to a longer firing period and a

163 Thus, a synchronous thalamocortical phasic firing state is required for absence seizures, an

164 both in terms of their firing rate and their phasic firing with the oscillation cycle.

165 model suggests that blocking thalamocortical phasic firing would treat absence seizures.

166 odel in which rhythmic synchronized spiking (phasic firing) in a population of relay neurons leads to

167 Higher levels of DA release, simulating phasic firing, increased SC responses through a D1 recep

168 The spike resonance of these phasic-firing (type III excitable) MSO neurons and of th

169 We assessed coronary wave intensity and phasic flow velocity patterns to unravel changes in card

170 ence values for left atrial (LA) volumes and phasic function indices by 3-dimensional echocardiograph

171 These data identify potentiation of phasic GABA signalling as a novel therapeutic strategy,

172 We observed an increase in postsynaptic phasic GABA signalling in mice within the peri-infarct c

173 cessity to distinguish the role of tonic and phasic GABA signalling in stroke recovery.

174 Furthermore, we demonstrate that enhancing phasic GABA signalling using zolpidem, a Food and Drug A

175 er, when nRT cells fired in burst mode, slow phasic GABA-AR-mediated events persisted, indicating a d

176 By regulating both tonic and phasic GABAergic inputs to dentate granule cells, APP ma

177 . 75% [50-92] wakefulness; P = 0.01) but not phasic genioglossus activity was higher with desipramine

178 nces toward rewards, amygdala neurons showed phasic, gradually increasing responses over successive c

179 ristem formation phase as proposed in the bi-phasic growth model.

180 ts exhibited abnormal negative task-related (phasic) habenula responses during primary aversive condi

181 st cancer xenograft model was guided by a bi-phasic host cytokine response that peaked at early timep

182 hat dopaminergic VTA-PFC projections exhibit phasic increases in activity that are time locked to the

183 Phasic increases in brain dopamine are required for cue-

184 Phasic increases in dopamine (DA) are involved in the de

185 Unconditioned rewarding stimuli evoke phasic increases in dopamine concentration in the nucleu

186 used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure phasic increases in NAc dopamine resulting from electric

187 The cortical cholinergic input system, via phasic increases in prefrontal acetylcholine release, pl

188 ted rewards or reward-predicting cues elicit phasic increases in the activity of dopaminergic VTA-PFC

189 sing on the source of threat and concomitant phasic increases of autonomic arousal, whereas in sustai

190 Phasic increases of DA neuron firing during positive PEs

191 al alpha-band (8-13 Hz) oscillations reflect phasic information transfer in thalamocortical neurons p

192 owing CIE, CRF1+ neurons displayed decreased phasic inhibition and a complete loss of tonic inhibitio

193 the granule cells without any change in fast phasic inhibition and showed increased activation in the

194 Reduction of fast phasic inhibition in the dentate gyrus through granule c

195 the difference in potency between tonic and phasic inhibition increased with the length of the resid

196 , synaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) mediate phasic inhibition of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and inf

197 or in vivo and to a substantial decrease in phasic inhibition onto cells that express GFE3.

198 inergic transmission is the dominant form of phasic inhibition to PV+ INs.

199 The percentage of respiratory cycles with phasic inspiratory activity of glottal constrictor muscl

200 pressure rise times tested did not alter the phasic inspiratory activity of glottal constrictor muscl

201 Finally, no alterations in the phasic inspiratory activity of glottal constrictor muscl

202 lood flow measurements are not corrected for phasic inspiratory and expiratory changes in clinical pr

203 We sought to examine the association of phasic LA function with LA enhancement in patients with

204 l fluctuations, and shows how suitably timed phasic LC bursts can lead to enhanced cortical responses

205 neurons and their activation caused tonic or phasic leg movements lacking interlimb coordination.

206 that nonsynaptic GABA-ARs are recruited in a phasic manner specifically during burst firing of nRT ce

207 Phasic measurement of LA function using feature-tracking

208 Our observations are consistent with a bi-phasic mechanism by which UV-A can trigger vasodilatory

209 voked incentive motivation through augmented phasic mesolimbic DA signaling.

210 onger alpha entrainment predicted a stronger phasic modulation of detection performance in the entrai

211 We describe how the phasic modulation of reticulospinal activity from the sp

212 s a model for investigating the role of this phasic modulation of the reticulospinal activity, becaus

213 Here, we posit and test the long-term phasic molding hypothesis that resting-state network dev

214 current study posits and tests the long-term phasic molding hypothesis that resting-state networks ar

215 Consistent with the long-term phasic molding hypothesis, prospective analyses for both

216 ct, has been implicated in the production of phasic motor activity during active sleep in adults.

217 s a dual role for these neurons in eliciting phasic muscle activation and in maintaining basal muscle

218 that detect stimulus priority interact with phasic NE release to preferentially route such informati

219 ar Ca(2+) in a manner that is independent of phasic, neuronal-evoked vasodilation.

220 entrains contraction rate and timing through phasic neurotransmitter release.

221 , we observed that inhibitory suppression of phasic noise generated by out-of-field excitation enhanc

222 Neither phasic nor tonic stimulation of dopaminergic VTA-PFC pro

223 ive explanation: that priority itself evokes phasic noradrenaline release.

224 llar cortex are modulated by atypically high phasic noradrenergic influences originating in the locus

225 Here, we studied the impact of phasic optogenetic activation of 5-HT neurons in mice ov

226 Phasic optogenetic activation of DAergic terminals evoke

227 We report that phasic optogenetic activation of this pathway increases

228 l populations that discharged according to a phasic or a tonic mode in response to locomotion, suppor

229 Bi-phasic or diauxic growth is often observed when microbes

230 equence of peripheral inflammation, but that phasic or evoked release of Sub P in the RVM is increase

231 ing of IHCs ensures accurate encoding of the phasic or sustained components of the cell's in vivo rec

232 ps were found to respond to locomotion, with phasic or tonic patterns of response.

233 ermediate arousal, and depolarization during phasic or tonic periods of hyper-arousal.

234 state functional architecture may arise from phasic patterns of functional connectivity elicited by e

235 same experiments, we did find that tonic or phasic patterns of stimulation caused mice to maintain o

236 DR neurons exhibit inhibitory 'phasic' post-synaptic currents mediated primarily by syn

237 l advantages such as temporal, regional, and phasic potentiation of natural signaling, and that of re

238 and prefrontal cortex and (ii) predicted by phasic, pupil-linked responses of a number of neuromodul

239 There is limited data on phasic RA function (reservoir, conduit, and pump) in ped

240 The results showed a bi-phasic reduction of PrP(Sc) with time in the GI, except

241 slipping with a constant progression in the phasic relationships across cycles.

242 ne-to-one phase-locking with fairly constant phasic relationships and phase slipping with a constant

243 however, the mechanisms that generate other phasic relationships between intrasegmental motor pools

244 KEY POINTS: Phasic release of acetylcholine (ACh) in the neocortex f

245 Phasic release of acetylcholine (ACh) in the neocortex f

246 ity of SK-mediated inhibition in response to phasic release of ACh.

247 Phasic release of DA itself evoked acute changes in CIN

248 Furthermore, synaptic/phasic release of dopamine may directly enhance signalin

249 The phasic release of neuronal d-serine is important in main

250 pheres is their respective bi-phasic and tri-phasic release profiles with varying burst release and l

251 cage contribution to the tidal volume during phasic REM sleep becomes a critical vulnerability, resul

252 This pattern is present during phasic REM sleep but not during tonic REM sleep, the lat

253 pressed on BotC respiratory neurons and that phasic respiratory activity is a poor predictor of sst2a

254 ks) outgrowth, suggesting Runx2-dependent bi-phasic response and reprogramming of metastatic cells.

255 If so, then phasic response of dopamine neurons to cues in this sett

256 ts the temporal and spatial structure of the phasic response of midbrain neuron populations during co

257 , however, these neurons maintained a strong phasic response to cues formerly predictive of reward op

258 xercise-induced cardiac remodeling follows a phasic response with increases in LV chamber size, early

259 Neurons in control mice exhibited strong phasic responses both during discrimination and reversal

260 Reduced phasic responses for relevant stimuli help to explain ne

261 We hypothesized that phasic responses of brainstem arousal systems are a sign

262 macological manipulations that attenuate the phasic responses of DA neurons.

263 tonic" current with no significant effect on phasic responses to GABA.

264 n between reward magnitudes while shell lost phasic responses to reward receipt altogether.

265 ward association task in rats, we discovered phasic responses to sensory cues, appropriately timed to

266 and symptoms of fear and anxiety; both show phasic responses to short-lived threat; and both show he

267 ecurrent networks, guided solely by delayed, phasic rewards at the end of each trial.

268 Except in REM sleep, phasic RTN stimulation entrained and shortened the breat

269 Phasic RTN stimulation produced active expiration and re

270 generate fictive locomotion-that is, without phasic sensory feedback as monitored by five muscle nerv

271 In contrast, phasic shell DA showed robust release at all task events

272 The reduction of phasic signaling can be partially compensated by upregul

273 opamine (DA) can favor NOW processes through phasic signaling in reward circuits or LATER processes t

274 data revealing notable parallels between the phasic signals emitted by dopaminergic neurons and tempo

275 ressor with highest expression in the purely phasic smooth muscle of anococcygeus (ASM) vs. the truly

276 from reward trials that were accompanied by phasic SN microstimulation compared with reward trials w

277 Brief, high-concentration (phasic) spikes in nucleus accumbens dopamine critically

278 Phasic stimulation also produced active expiration and r

279 Second, delivering phasic stimulation either continuously or after choices

280 endent increases in frequency, we found that phasic stimulation of inhibitory neurons can increase in

281 ted to risk-averse rats with precisely timed phasic stimulation of NAc D2R cells.

282 g the pathological oscillation than a single phasic stimulus pulse.

283 dings are consistent with a role of abnormal phasic striatal dopamine signaling, which is critical fo

284 ven by activation of NMDA receptors, whereas phasic suppression of firing during negative PEs is like

285 of normalization explains the characteristic phasic-sustained pattern of cortical decision activity a

286 es and govern a transition from slow to fast phasic synaptic events.

287 synaptic dynamics associated with tonic and phasic synaptic properties, respectively.

288 fter stroke, less is known about the role of phasic (synaptic) GABA during the repair phase.

289 larval adhesive of barnacle cyprids is a bi-phasic system containing lipids and phosphoproteins, wor

290 Thus, tonic-phasic transitions in DA neuron firing in response to mo

291 In addition to such phasic transmission mediated by the vesicular release of

292 utcome gradually acquired increasingly sharp phasic trial-end responses that paralleled the developme

293 The discovery of phasic, trial-based increases in extracellular choline (

294 idal dose-responses, our model predicted tri-phasic turning response depending on intracellular Ca(2+

295 erging evidence across species suggests that phasic variation in parental presence during the sensiti

296 s anatomically coherent, denervation reduces phasic variations in extracellular DA, but the DA tone i

297 Moreover, anti-phasic VIP release suppresses coherent rhythms by moving

298 ether release characteristic differences (bi-phasic vs tri-phasic) between microspheres can affect th

299 e, we studied these projections and observed phasic VTA-PFC fiber photometry signals after the delive

300 Furthermore, substituting phasic VTA-PFC stimulation for food rewards was not suff