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1 ause a phenotype resembling HCM (genocopy or phenocopy).
2 ated by pharmacological rescue and molecular phenocopy.
3 r DSB repair pathway genes produce molecular phenocopies.
7 One way to design a drug is to attempt to phenocopy a genetic variant that is known to have the de
13 f the secreted neurotrophin Spatzle 3 (Spz3) phenocopied alphaSNAP phenotypes, which included loss of
14 iation, enhanced mesenchymal transition, and phenocopying alterations that occur with high D-2HG leve
16 n functional experiments, LDH overexpression phenocopied AMPKalpha1(-/-) phenotype, that is shifted M
18 rent clusters, high-risk BRCA1 mutations and phenocopies and low-risk, fully sequenced controls and v
20 ns to discriminate FTD more effectively from phenocopies and to identify factors that determine progr
22 Zac1 loss- and gain-of-function presented as phenocopies, and overexpression of Pac1 rescued the Zac1
23 onverts dextral snail embryos to a sinistral phenocopy, and in frogs, drug inhibition or overexpressi
24 110alpha, beta, and delta, yet APDS2 largely phenocopies APDS1 without dramatic effects outside the i
26 5%) from the PSEN1 A79V family are potential phenocopies as they also developed AD dementia (median a
27 test human craniocardiac candidate genes for phenocopy as a critical first step towards understanding
28 isease and severe ocular surface damage that phenocopied aspects of human pseudohypoaldosteronism-1 M
29 asing SA promoted growth in some hybrids and phenocopied aspects of hybrid vigor in parental lines.
31 involving ABL1, ABL2, CSF1R, and PDGFRB that phenocopy BCR-ABL1 and alterations of CRLF2, JAK2, and E
32 helial- and lymphatic-specific Hk2 knockouts phenocopy blood and/or lymphatic vascular defects seen i
33 pproximately 363, miR-106b approximately 25) phenocopied both increased TGF-betaRII expression and si
35 suppression of individual or multiple Hdacs phenocopied broad-acting HDACis in 3 genetically distinc
36 uced phagocytosis capability and this can be phenocopied by adding monomeric alphaS to the cell cultu
38 me fusion in these cells, and this defect is phenocopied by depletion of the Ca(2+) pump SERCA, a sec
41 The suppression of mRNA encoding BiP was phenocopied by ectopic overexpression of BiP protein, an
42 tially redundant Cdk1 inhibitory kinase) and phenocopied by expression of a Cdk1F mutant defective fo
44 nic defects caused by pericyte depletion are phenocopied by intraocular injection of VEGF-A or pericy
45 ucers were rescued by inhibition of ROCK and phenocopied by JAM-A, JACOP, or p114RhoGEF down-regulati
46 y low appetite and extreme leanness; this is phenocopied by mice carrying similar mutations and can b
49 ease or Glu receptor expression and could be phenocopied by mutations that disrupt the function of pl
50 n single-SF mechanics may be correspondingly phenocopied by overexpression of mono- and diphosphomime
53 ges, which depend on RhoA activation and are phenocopied by Rap1 inhibition, permit subsequent entosi
59 Furthermore, rover foraging scores can be phenocopied by transgenically reducing pr4 expression in
60 Finally, effects of PTK6 downregulation were phenocopied by treatment with a recently developed PTK6
61 l and molecular synaptogenic defects are all phenocopied by Wg overexpression, suggesting that Notum
63 ysiology of T. gondii tachyzoites appears to phenocopy cancer cells, which holds promise for developi
64 ces endocannabinoid levels in the offspring, phenocopies CB1R(-/-) islet microstructure and improves
65 irst, although CCBE1DeltaCollagen mice fully phenocopy CCBE1 knock-out mice, CCBE1DeltaEGF knock-in e
66 integrin alpha6beta1-binding defective CCN1 phenocopied Ccn1(DeltaHep) mice, indicating that CCN1 ac
70 ordingly, the promoter activity, which could phenocopy changes in Habp2 mRNA in response to TGF-beta,
74 is sufficient to impair locomotor activity, phenocopying DA depletion models of Parkinson's disease,
75 Opitz syndrome, a human genetic disease that phenocopies deficient Hedgehog signaling and is caused b
77 the actin cortex, as actin depolymerization phenocopies dynein depletion, and direct recruitment of
79 Depletion of MEF2B, EBF1, or IL6R partially phenocopies EBNA1 depletion by decreasing the cell growt
80 re, c-Myc knockdown in prostate cancer cells phenocopied effects of JMJD1A knockdown, and c-Myc re-ex
81 RNA-mediated knockdown of Card10 expression phenocopied effects of miR-181b on NF-kappaB signaling a
83 rtion, and transgenic overexpression of GDF6 phenocopies evolutionary changes in armor-plate size.
84 Two separate exoc5 mutant zebrafish lines phenocopied exoc5 morphants and, strikingly, exhibited a
85 f SpGAI expression in females to male levels phenocopied exogenous GA application with respect to flo
86 ry incisors in K5-Ikkbeta mice were found to phenocopy extra incisors in mice with mutations of Wnt i
90 mission block show that elevated PN activity phenocopies FMRP-null defects, whereas PN silencing caus
91 ummary, AgRP neuron-specific Gpr17 knockouts phenocopy FOXO1 knockouts in the same cell type, thus su
92 o FVA assays distinguish BRCA1 mutations and phenocopies from benign variants and categorize most VUS
93 s, but it is unknown whether these mutations phenocopy gain-of-function mutations in the CTNNB1 gene
94 ated macrophages from CSL/RBP-Jkappa KO mice phenocopied gamma-secretase inhibitor treatment for redu
95 ly reduces adipose tissue in wild-type mice, phenocopying genetic haploinsufficiency for the Fsh rece
98 of JH4 to LmnaG609G/G609G-mutant mice, which phenocopy human HGPS, resulted in a marked improvement o
99 ntaneous mutations in the murine Eda (Tabby) phenocopy human X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplas
100 -treated RDEB mice developed invasive tumors phenocopying human RDEB-cSCC, whereas wild-type mice for
102 f WT recipients of Id cDKO bone marrow cells phenocopied Id cDKO cardiac fibrosis 4 months post-trans
103 ed clinical and genetic exploration of 28 HD phenocopies identified the underlying cause in 35.7% (10
109 cement at the virus entry step, a phenomenon phenocopied in HIV-1 infections of IFN-alpha-treated pri
112 e-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, phenocopies inhibition or knockdown of the enzyme deoxyh
114 ived cells rescued all placental defects but phenocopied intraembryonic defects observed in global Gr
117 e further show that genetic UbcH7 deficiency phenocopies ITCH phosphorylation in regulating RIPK2 ubi
118 l knockout of both Hif-1alpha and Hif-2alpha phenocopied key aspects of these HSC phenotypes, demonst
124 vation results in developmental defects that phenocopy loss of miRISC cofactors and enhances the loss
127 repression of these three targets completely phenocopies major dysfunctions produced by miR-101 block
129 that the SCN5A(E558X/+) pig model accurately phenocopies many aspects of human cardiac sodium channel
130 drug-inducible mouse model is sufficient to phenocopy many of the morphological and molecular conseq
131 rgic neurons, predominantly in the striatum, phenocopied Mecp2-null mice in dopamine deregulation and
132 ered to express only SPPL3 D271A in NK cells phenocopy mice deleted for SPPL3, indicating a requireme
133 arin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) phenocopied miR-132 overexpression in keratinocytes.
137 ession of constitutively active STAT3(S727E) phenocopied muscle cells from strictured intestine.
139 ine degradation pathway and revealed that it phenocopied mutants in the elongator subunit ELO3, essen
141 ter and Drosophila simulans are sterile, and phenocopy mutations in the PIWI interacting RNA (piRNA)
142 -4 contribute to polarized root hair growth, phenocopying myosins, whereas MadA1-4 are redundant for
143 n of actin cytoskeleton in wild-type embryos phenocopied MZdchs1b mutant defects in cytoplasmic segre
144 ic ablation of RelA, c-Rel, and RelB did not phenocopy NEMO deficiency, but constitutively active IKK
145 o mice bearing experimental liver metastases phenocopied neutrophil depletion by reducing liver metas
146 beta prior to oHSV therapy was sufficient to phenocopy NK-cell depletion and suppress tumor growth an
151 iscussion to genetic syndromes that are rare phenocopies of common diagnoses such as autism spectrum
152 model for hyperdopaminergia that resembles a phenocopy of alcohol-dependent rats during protracted ab
153 Because severe G6PD deficiency can be a phenocopy of chronic granulomatous disease with regard t
156 exing single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) allowed for phenocopy of known mutants across many phenotypes in emb
157 rgan integration of hormonal signalling as a phenocopy of menstrual cycle and pregnancy-like endocrin
161 ll mutations of TMEM219 or IL-13Ralpha2 also phenocopied one another as regards the ability of Chi3l1
162 CIZ1 or deletion of Repeat E in female cells phenocopies one another in causing Xist RNA to delocaliz
163 ith AZD6482, a selective PI3Kbeta inhibitor, phenocopies p110beta deletion in mouse platelets, which
164 Importantly, alpha-synuclein inactivation phenocopies parkin overexpression and suppresses stress-
172 rmally more broadly distributed in the cell, phenocopies PSEN2 and shifts its localization to late en
175 find that the YHB mutation is sufficient to phenocopy red light input into the circadian mechanism a
178 rom either ooDSGCs or interneurons partially phenocopies Satb1 mutants, demonstrating that Satb1-depe
182 ronia (fer) receptor kinase mutant partially phenocopied shv3svl1 and exhibited a similar Suc-conditi
183 nd craniofacial mesenchyme ( Prx1-cKO) would phenocopy skeletal and dental manifestations of late-ons
187 nt in the striatum, and Wnt5a knock-out mice phenocopy striatal anterior-posterior defects observed i
189 s gleaned from treatment development in rare phenocopy syndromes may also teach us how to test treatm
190 ific tau phosphorylation is neuroprotective, phenocopying tau ablation, thus highlighting the complex
191 ivity during the 8-cell to morula transition phenocopied TFAP2C knockdown, triggering a loss of posit
193 -18R signaling in T cells, but not of IL-1R, phenocopied the absence of the MyD88 pathway, indicating
195 ng site in the NLRP3 3' untranslated region, phenocopied the characteristics of miR-223(-/y) mice.
197 TCR stimulation in the presence of monensin phenocopied the defects in Napa(hyh/hyh) signaling and T
201 d silencing of PI3Kalpha, PI3Kbeta, and mTOR phenocopied the effect of VS-5584, exhibiting the strong
202 Disruption of E2F8's DNA binding activity phenocopied the effects of an E2f8 null allele and led t
204 ac1 with an Epac specific inhibitor, ESI-09, phenocopied the effects of Epac1 null by suppressing neo
205 utic administration of an anti-CCR7 antibody phenocopied the effects of genetic Ccr7 deficiency in mi
206 xpression in prostate cancer cells inversely phenocopied the effects of miR-23b/-27b overexpression o
207 Notably, SRC depletion in TNBC cell lines phenocopied the effects of miR-34a reintroduction, where
208 encing of both SERINC3 and SERINC5 precisely phenocopied the effects of Nef and glycoGag on HIV-1 inf
210 collapse of the haematopoietic system, which phenocopied the highly penetrant bone marrow failure see
212 of Mincle protected against oncogenesis and phenocopied the immunogenic reprogramming of the tumour
213 Mouse livers from drug-induced porphyria phenocopied the in vitro findings, and mass spectrometry
214 overexpression of K38R-Rab7 in HEK293 cells phenocopied the increased secretion of exosomes observed
216 sing an LBD29-SRDX transcriptional repressor phenocopied the lax3 mutant, resulting in delayed latera
221 on of PCM1, and knockdown of endogenous PCM1 phenocopied the observed effects of miR-128 overexpressi
222 y, antiserum raised against Chi3l1 or Sema7a phenocopied the reduction produced by genetic deletions.
223 dental mesenchymal-specific deletion of Evc2 phenocopied the tooth abnormalities in Evc2 mutants.
224 doderm displayed head defects that partially phenocopied the truncation defects of Lhx1-null mutants.
228 eurotransmission from retinal ganglion cells phenocopies the changes observed after monocular depriva
229 not of other channels affects viability and phenocopies the complex changes in platelets from hemost
230 ming, as their ectopic overexpression partly phenocopies the dedifferentiation phenotype of PRC2 muta
232 ABC transporter) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae phenocopies the DeltaF508-CFTR folding and trafficking d
234 s BubR1.Bub3 complexes in human cancer cells phenocopies the effects observed in gene targeting exper
235 e report a dibenzothiazepinone compound that phenocopies the effects of a Bdf1 BD-inactivating mutati
236 Over-expression of the Bre1 ubiquitin ligase phenocopies the effects of mutating either the invadolys
237 iated in vivo depletion of any TCP-1 subunit phenocopies the effects of mutations in mst or the Prefo
240 tability and aggressive prostate cancer that phenocopies the human disease at the histologic and geno
241 mutation of Erk2 in neural crest derivatives phenocopies the human Pierre Robin sequence and highligh
242 n (KI) mice expressing an Itgb3 variant that phenocopies the human Pro33 variant to elucidate the con
244 ein NEURL4, and knockdown of HERC2 or NEURL4 phenocopies the inhibition of RNF8/UBC13 signaling on sy
245 her demonstrate that knockdown of keratin 18 phenocopies the loss of Krtap5-5, suggesting that Krtap5
248 Forced-expression of MICU1 in normal cells phenocopies the metabolic aberrations of malignant cells
249 Spectinomycin-treatment of wild-type plants phenocopies the molecular phenotype of plastid proteome
250 ments, resulting in erythroid dysplasia that phenocopies the red blood cell (RBC) defects seen in sam
251 vely active Akt (Akt-CA) in retinal explants phenocopies the reduction in amacrine cell production ob
252 Inhibition of miR-139-5p in vivo partially phenocopies the retinal vascular defects of APLN/APLNR d
253 of TRF2, which eliminates RTEL1 binding and phenocopies the RTEL1(R1264H) mutation, giving rise to a
254 e with terpenoid or LLO synthesis inhibitors phenocopies the stressed UPR seen intrappc11mutants and
255 omain-containing protein that binds H4K12ac, phenocopies the Tip60 depletion with respect to heteroch
257 g to identify non-toxic small molecules that phenocopy the ATF6-mediated reprogramming of the ER prot
258 11a enhancer-deleted mice, Bcl11a(Deltaenh), phenocopy the BCL11A-null state with respect to alterati
259 ignaling and overexpression of miR-17-92 can phenocopy the defects observed in Hdac3 null lungs.
260 and sphingolipid biosynthetic inhibitors can phenocopy the defects of the rpl4d mutant, including an
261 neered a novel porcine model of AT to better phenocopy the disease and bridge the gap between human a
269 d induction of EMT by ZEB1 was sufficient to phenocopy the increase in fluvastatin sensitivity; knock
272 increases glycolytic rate, was sufficient to phenocopy the mitochondrial and proliferative deficienci
274 ually conserve the tumour heterogeneity, and phenocopy the tumour microenvironment using tumour expla
276 -induced human platelet aggregation, thereby phenocopying the effect of DUSP3 deficiency in murine ce
277 auses delayed onset of cell differentiation, phenocopying the effects of IYO knockdown at the transcr
278 omoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, phenocopying the reduced regeneration of older Sod2-defi
279 ant protein that fails to interact with Cdh1 phenocopies, the Cdh1 knockout phenotype of impaired mGl
281 integrin-alpha subunits inhibition of which phenocopied these effects, suggesting that a specific re
285 n in MYC, mutations in this region precisely phenocopy those in MbI in terms of stability, in vitro t
288 DRP1(S616) phosphorylation is sufficient to phenocopy transformation-induced mitochondrial dysfuncti
289 sed proliferation and branching, but did not phenocopy transgenic expression of activated smoothened
291 atic overexpression of C/EBPalpha in WT mice phenocopied Trib1_LSKO livers, and hepatic knockout of C
294 independent endocytosis in proximal tubules, phenocopying what has been reported for Dent disease cau
296 When cultivated under high-CO2 conditions, 4 phenocopies wild-type metabolic and transcriptomic accli
298 on of midstage CD301b-expressing macrophages phenocopied wound healing defects observed in mice where
299 growth of P falciparum parasites in the EPP phenocopy, X-linked dominant protoporphyria, which has e
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