ライフサイエンスコーパス: photoreceptor

1 have separate and distinct functions in the photoreceptor.

2 s indicate a contribution from inner retinal photoreceptors.

3 es to selected membrane sites in retinal rod photoreceptors.

4 risation and mislocalisation of rhodopsin in photoreceptors.

5 rogenitor cells to terminally differentiated photoreceptors.

6 otably a block in the differentiation of rod photoreceptors.

7 cells are bona fide, albeit unconventional, photoreceptors.

8 mplement activation and slow degeneration of photoreceptors.

9 PRPH2), and disruption of actin filaments in photoreceptors.

10 d promoted clearing of mutant rhodopsin from photoreceptors.

11 ily to the non-cell autonomous death of cone photoreceptors.

12 rs in real time in single isolated mouse rod photoreceptors.

13 d their most closely related cell type, cone photoreceptors.

14 t stem cells (iPSCs) derived from murine rod photoreceptors.

15 ins called opsins has stirred up our view of photoreceptors.

16 act locally at the level of individual cone photoreceptors.

17 tubulin (tdEOS-tubulin) specifically in cone photoreceptors.

18 ha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) in Vldlr(-/-) photoreceptors.

19 C photosensitivity are characteristic of fly photoreceptors.

20 onfiguration in both rod and cone vertebrate photoreceptors.

21 lion cells, bipolar cells, Muller cells, and photoreceptors.

22 manner almost identical to other vertebrate photoreceptors.

23 is not required for USH2 complex assembly in photoreceptors.

24 segment, cell body, and synaptic terminal of photoreceptors.

25 ng of terminal differentiation in developing photoreceptors.

26 elix in stable cell lines and Xenopus laevis photoreceptors.

27 accurate input pathways from surviving cone photoreceptors.

28 ial for the survival and function of retinal photoreceptors.

29 atypical of polychaete eyes, such as ciliary photoreceptors [3,4] that hyperpolarize in response to i

30 erommatidial angle Deltaphi = 0.28 degrees , photoreceptor acceptance angle Deltarho = 0.27 degrees )

31 en ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and photoreceptor alterations in eyes with intermediate age-

32 enesis, light signals are sensed by multiple photoreceptors, among which the red/far-red light-sensin

33 pigment epithelium cells were in the centre, photoreceptors and bipolar cells were next most central

34 and this facilitates their transport between photoreceptors and cells in the retina.

35 ayer somas, including projection of GCs onto photoreceptors and identification of the primary GC subt

36 its Nesprin1alpha at the ciliary rootlets of photoreceptors and identify asymmetric NE aggregates of

37 lex that provides essential nutrients to the photoreceptors and in turn helps patients maintain bette

38 n was incorporated into model cyanobacterial photoreceptors and into phytochrome from the early-diver

39 s is the exchange of metabolites between the photoreceptors and RPE because photoreceptor cells have

40 ested that the IZ (i.e., the contact between photoreceptors and RPE) is the primary site of inflammat

41 have evolved an intricate network of sensory photoreceptors and signaling components to regulate thei

42 RIM1beta are highly likely absent from mouse photoreceptors and that RIM2alpha is the major large RIM

43 complex of which possesses 12 types of color photoreceptors and the ability to detect both linearly a

44 to underlying amacrine, bipolar, horizontal, photoreceptor, and retinal pigment epithelium cells, thu

45 Studies with photosystem II, the phytochrome photoreceptor, and ribonucleotide reductase R2 illustrat

46 catch, either optically, with large pupils, photoreceptors, and ever larger eyes [2], or neurally, w

47 rchitecture of the visual system inputs-cone photoreceptors-and visual perception and have implicatio

48 neration model, tamoxifen prevented onset of photoreceptor apoptosis and atrophy and maintained near-

49 he MIF inhibitor ISO-1 significantly blocked photoreceptor apoptosis, outer nuclear layer (ONL) thinn

50 d retinal microglia responses to induced rod photoreceptor apoptosis.

51 Vertebrate photoreceptors are among the most metabolically active c

52 he physiological functions of the 18 sensory photoreceptors are of particular interest with respect t

53 ciated with routing of transport vesicles in photoreceptors are poorly understood.

54 y thought that visual pigments in vertebrate photoreceptors are regenerated exclusively through enzym

55 of cone photoreceptors, respectively; these photoreceptors are structurally distinct from each other

56 ate the disruption of avascular privilege in photoreceptors are unknown.

57 Retinal rod and cone photoreceptors arguably represent the best-understood ex

58 Recognizing that photoreceptor atrophy can occur without retinal pigment

59 nsightful constructionist viewpoint of a fly photoreceptor being an 'imperfect' photon counting machi

60 driven signals as they flow through retinal photoreceptor, bipolar, and ganglion cells.

61 oles in mammalian retinal neurons, including photoreceptors, bipolar cells, amacrine cells and gangli

62 nostained with antibodies specific for cones photoreceptors, bipolar cells, mitochondria, Muller cell

63 as light must pass through them to reach the photoreceptors, but it has prevented them from being dir

64 results in blindness due to degeneration of photoreceptors, but spares other retinal cells, leading

65 These findings suggested that the photoreceptor c-Fos controls blood vessel growth into th

66 ing the adenosylcobalamin (AdoB12)-dependent photoreceptor C-terminal adenosylcobalamin binding domai

67 ovessels growing into the normally avascular photoreceptors cause vision loss in many eye diseases, s

68 led that chrysophanol attenuated MNU-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis and inhibited the expressio

69 PE atrophy, choroidal neovascularisation and photoreceptor cell death associated with severe visual l

70 h pathways will be more effective at slowing photoreceptor cell death caused by elevated cGMP.

71 e to mutant rhodopsin that ultimately limits photoreceptor cell death.

72 several developmental genes involved in the photoreceptor cell differentiation suggest that a role o

73 atic RPE cell signaling that aims to sustain photoreceptor cell integrity and reveal potential therap

74 A photoreceptor cell line, 661W, derived from a mouse reti

75 ession of retinoic acid-responsive genes and photoreceptor cell loss, overall leading to a reduction

76 for ocular retinoid production required for photoreceptor cell maintenance and visual function.

77 tion of guanylate cyclase (GC) signaling and photoreceptor cell survival.

78 unappreciated role of IRBP in protecting the photoreceptor cells against the cytotoxic effects of acc

79 te of elongase ELOVL4, which is expressed in photoreceptor cells and generates very long chain (>/=C2

80 tumor that expresses several markers of cone photoreceptor cells has been described earlier.

81 s between the photoreceptors and RPE because photoreceptor cells have very high energy demands, large

82 , organization and function of brain and eye photoreceptor cells in bilaterian animals.

83 antial fraction of the visual pigment in our photoreceptor cells is bleached.

84 Formation of membrane discs in photoreceptor cells requires evagination of its ciliary

85 osis (LCA) is a neurodegenerative disease of photoreceptor cells that causes blindness within the fir

86 itical component of the viability of RPE and photoreceptor cells.

87 dness caused by the dysfunction and death of photoreceptor cells.

88 p of Mendelian disorders primarily affecting photoreceptor cells.

89 t with the association of Nesprin1alpha with photoreceptor ciliary rootlets and the functional intera

90 d mice and that the exocyst is necessary for photoreceptor ciliogenesis and retinal development, most

91 We demonstrate that the photoreceptor cilium has an innate ability to release ma

92 ion of BIC transcription, suggesting a novel photoreceptor co-action mechanism to sustain blue light

93 ent findings and their possible roles in the photoreceptor coaction.

94 The mechanistic explanations of photoreceptor coactions are not fully understood.

95 ake a comprehensive review of the studies of photoreceptor coactions, attempts to highlight those rec

96 ing indicated relatively long surviving cone photoreceptors compared to rods.

97 abnormalities in actin polymerisation in the photoreceptor connecting cilia cause rhodopsin mislocali

98 RPGR localises to the photoreceptor connecting cilium where its function remai

99 uminance adaptation can begin at the retinal photoreceptors, contrast adaptation has been shown to st

100 visual acuity, the fovea should only contain photoreceptors contributing to high-resolution vision.

101 tinal pigment epithelium to the retina where photoreceptors convert it to lactate.

102 In Drosophila, the blue-light photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) synchronizes these feed

103 Ectopic clocks also require the blue light photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME (CRY), which is required for

104 visual chromophore recycling, and ultimately photoreceptor dark adaptation.

105 Photoreceptor death is the root cause of vision loss in

106 cones and rods in these zebrafish and cause photoreceptor death.

107 tant cellular events that ultimately lead to photoreceptor death.

108 The Reep6-/- mice exhibited progressive photoreceptor degeneration from P20 onwards.

109 degenerative disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Photoreceptor degeneration is a cause of irreversible bl

110 In general, RPE abnormalities paralleled photoreceptor degeneration, although there were regions

111 0 mum in diameter, (3) evidence of overlying photoreceptor degeneration, and (4) absence of scrolled

112 Prior to the onset of photoreceptor degeneration, Mertk (-/-) mice had less ac

113 fails to enhance RPE phagocytosis or prevent photoreceptor degeneration.

114 r segments and RPE cells, and no evidence of photoreceptor degeneration.

115 hting the role of inflammatory mechanisms in photoreceptor degeneration.

116 d to exert marked protective effects against photoreceptor degeneration.

117 drug suitable for being repurposed to treat photoreceptor degenerative disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMEN

118 The photoreceptor densities in the diurnal Propithecus verre

119 bird species contain a depression with high photoreceptor density known as the fovea.

120 ipper protein, a rod fate determinant during photoreceptor development.

121 On the other hand, the rescued photoreceptors did exhibit long-term defects in their ou

122 eripherin-2/rds) diverts membrane traffic to photoreceptor disc formation by inhibiting ectosome rele

123 everal features of HAA patterning, including photoreceptor distribution, ganglion cell density, and o

124 Electroretinograms revealed photoreceptor dysfunction preceded degeneration, suggest

125 mal recessive disorder characterized by cone photoreceptor dysfunction.

126 In response to photoreceptor-EGF, glia produce insulin-like peptides, w

127 response to light activation of phytochrome photoreceptors, EIN3-BINDING F BOX PROTEINs (EBFs) 1 and

128 conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDrosophila photoreceptors exhibit high temporal resolution as manif

129 cells are able to differentiate into mature photoreceptors expressing various opsins and can functio

130 , such sampling innately determines also why photoreceptors extract more information, and more econom

131 e cofactor, has expanded the number of known photoreceptor families and unveiled a new biological rol

132 specific levels of dve expression and stable photoreceptor fate.

133 This change in photoreceptor fates shifts the innate color preference o

134 ht in mammalian cells, using the Arabidopsis photoreceptor Flavin Kelch-repeat F-box 1 (FKF1) and its

135 In the mammalian retina, rod photoreceptors form selective contacts with rod ON-bipol

136 d by a knockdown approach, leads to impaired photoreceptor function and abnormally shaped photorecept

137 identify a critical role of miR-211 in cone photoreceptor function and survival.

138 and dose-dependent declines in rod and cone photoreceptor functions as early as 120 days of age.

139 , Photoregulin3 (PR3) that also inhibits rod photoreceptor gene expression, potentially though Nr2e3

140 he transcriptional specificity of individual photoreceptor genes because each gene's distinct spatiot

141 Using this technique, we disrupted the photoreceptor genes COP1/2, COP3 (encoding channelrhodop

142 In the retina, delay in up-regulation of key photoreceptor genes underlies delayed outer segment elon

143 Gbetagamma liberated from other photoreceptor GPCRs is also likely to regulate synaptic

144 A fly photoreceptor has achieved such a large dynamic range; i

145 The light responses of rod and cone photoreceptors have been studied electrophysiologically

146 Photoreceptors have high metabolic demand and are suscep

147 ight into the development and maintenance of photoreceptor identity, and highlight rods as an attract

148 hytochrome B (phyB) is the primary red light photoreceptor in plants, and regulates both growth and d

149 emoves all-trans-retinol from individual rod photoreceptors in a concentration-dependent manner.

150 ter inflammatory regulator, was increased in photoreceptors in a model of pathological blood vessels

151 use photocoagulation to selectively destroy photoreceptors in adult rabbits while preserving the inn

152 eration is critical for the function of cone photoreceptors in bright and rapidly-changing light cond

153 therefore be possible to infer properties of photoreceptors in early vertebrate progenitors by compar

154 Here, we show that rod photoreceptors in mice rely on glycolysis for their oute

155 cones in lamprey respond to light much like photoreceptors in other vertebrates and have a similar s

156 sed the arrangements of retinal cone and rod photoreceptors in six nocturnal, three cathemeral and tw

157 Upon degeneration of photoreceptors in the adult retina, interneurons, includ

158 e observed spectral tuning of simple ocellar photoreceptors in the honey bee allows for the necessary

159 The discovery of a third type of photoreceptors in the mammalian retina, intrinsically ph

160 : early dysfunction and loss of rod and cone photoreceptors in the outer retina and, progressively, d

161 Nature has evolved photoreceptors in which the reactivity of a chromophore

162 respond to light signals by multiple sensory photoreceptors, including phytochromes and cryptochromes

163 ls play critical roles in the maintenance of photoreceptors, including the recycling of visual chromo

164 Different types of bipolar cell split the photoreceptor input into parallel channels and provide t

165 evealing selectivity for RGCs that have lost photoreceptor input.

166 ear translocation, phytochrome (phy) sensory photoreceptors interact with, and induce rapid phosphory

167 spatial scale and spectral pattern of these photoreceptor interactions were consistent with lateral

168 dent regulation of all-trans-ROL uptake from photoreceptors into RPE cells through an as yet undefine

169 el Kir2.1, closely associated with SAP102 in photoreceptor invaginations.

170 Loss of photoreceptors is a common endpoint in degenerative reti

171 development, ribbon synapse assembly in the photoreceptors is a crucial step involving numerous mole

172 Incomplete maturation of photoreceptors is followed shortly afterward by early-on

173 n chromophore in blue-light-using FAD (BLUF) photoreceptors is surrounded by a hydrogen bond network

174 mediated CRISPR/Cas9 delivery to postmitotic photoreceptors is used to target the Nrl gene, encoding

175 the long- and mid- wavelength sensitive cone photoreceptors (L- and M-cones) from adapting.

176 , we find that the open chromatin profile of photoreceptors lacking the rod master regulator Nrl is n

177 6 and I6 sectors, P = .007 and P = .009) and photoreceptor layer (N6 sector, P = .038).

178 show that the same technique applied to the photoreceptor layer can resolve ambiguity about cone sur

179 od vessel growth into the normally avascular photoreceptor layer through the inflammatory signal-indu

180 form of RPE-defect with overlying preserved photoreceptor layers are found in AMD.

181 rent GA on funduscopy and FAF, but preserved photoreceptor layers on optical coherence tomography (OC

182 y (GA) or RPE-tears with overlying preserved photoreceptor layers.

183 ve disease, in which the death of mutant rod photoreceptors leads secondarily to the non-cell autonom

184 that microglia control MG responsiveness to photoreceptor loss and support the development of immune

185 tomography imaging demonstrated significant photoreceptor loss except in patients with late-onset di

186 r nuclear layer thinning, and less prominent photoreceptor loss.

187 s found in a patient with acute zonal occult photoreceptor loss.

188 and a few have been found to play a role in photoreceptor maintenance and function.

189 a blue light stimulus was compared with the photoreceptor-mediated pupillary constriction phase resp

190 ined if treatment with HDACi can rescue cone photoreceptor-mediated visual function.

191 Photoreceptor membranes synthesize 11cRAL chromophore fa

192 rough a retinyl-phospholipid intermediate in photoreceptor membranes.

193 A computational fly photoreceptor model, which mimics the real phototransduc

194 LO) enables direct visualization of the cone photoreceptor mosaic in the living human retina.

195 al information from signals originating in a photoreceptor mosaic with trichromatic constituents that

196 hr2, and mat3 mutants confirmed the value of photoreceptor mutants for physiological studies.

197 Photoreceptors need quick temporal dynamics to cope with

198 Computation of visual features depends on photoreceptor neuron types (PR) present, organization of

199 loss causes neurodegeneration in Drosophila photoreceptor neurons.

200 egment-like structures and synaptic ribbons, photoreceptor neurotransmitter expression, and membrane

201 examined, a significant decline occurred in photoreceptor nuclei at 240 days of age ( approximately

202 reatment altered Na/K-ATPase localization in photoreceptors of Rs1h(-/Y) retinae.

203 The photoreceptor outer segment (OS) is a unique modificatio

204 marginal zone (CMZ) cell death and decreased photoreceptor outer segment (OS) length, as well as gros

205 es; and horizontal extent of the ONL and the photoreceptor outer segment (POS) interdigitation zone (

206 Photoreceptor outer segment degeneration was evident, wi

207 Loss in the photoreceptor outer segment detected by SD-OCT co-locali

208 ciliary ectosomes in building the elaborate photoreceptor outer segment filled with hundreds of tigh

209 a dome-shaped hyper-reflective lesion at the photoreceptor outer segment layer disrupting the ellipso

210 5 photoreceptor-specific knock-out mice, the photoreceptor outer segment structure was severely impai

211 ipid and protein in the form of phagocytized photoreceptor outer segments (OS).

212 - animals showed progressive degeneration of photoreceptor outer segments (OSs) and increased apoptos

213 ed epithelium (RPE) is the clearance of shed photoreceptor outer segments (POS) through a multistep p

214 Phagocytosis of daily shed photoreceptor outer segments is an important function of

215 n the retina, Rbpr2 loss resulted in shorter photoreceptor outer segments, mislocalization and decrea

216 marked functional defects in phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments.

217 ons in the gene for the ABCA4 transporter in photoreceptor outer segments.

218 photoreceptor function and abnormally shaped photoreceptor outer segments.

219 um, thus facilitating rhodopsin transport to photoreceptor outer segments.

220 tion on baseline functioning and survival of photoreceptors over time by utilizing a photoreceptor-sp

221 Telodendria are fine processes that connect photoreceptor pedicles.

222 ng (SFPS), which directly interacts with the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB).

223 Across the plant kingdom, phytochrome (PHY) photoreceptors play an important role during adaptive an

224 Retinoblastomas can arise from cone photoreceptor precursors in response to the loss of pRB

225 We show that mouse photoreceptors predominantly express RIM2 variants that

226 ng outputs from two types of color-sensitive photoreceptors, R7 and R8.

227 l loss had been initiated led to accelerated photoreceptor regeneration kinetics, possibly by promoti

228 Phytochrome photoreceptors regulate plant responses to the environme

229 inomotor movements, morphological changes in photoreceptors regulated by light and circadian rhythms.

230 nt stem cells provide a potential source for photoreceptor replacement, but, even in mouse models, th

231 ble in a Tolypothrix mutant lacking the RcaE photoreceptor required for complementary chromatic accli

232 showed significant structural and functional photoreceptor rescue compared with vehicle-treated litte

233 e initiated in rod and several types of cone photoreceptors, respectively; these photoreceptors are s

234 Drosophila photoreceptors respond to oscillating light of high freq

235 QBs then sum the macroscopic photoreceptor responses, governed by four quantal sampli

236 e native Rh1 photopigment of Drosophila R1-6 photoreceptors, resulting in deformed rhabdomeric struct

237 roscopic access to individual cells, such as photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and bl

238 tnatal day 10 (P10) central (ret)Arl13b(-/-) photoreceptors revealed docking of basal bodies to cell

239 The vertebrate visual photoreceptor rhodopsin (Rho) is a unique G protein-coup

240 trongly argue for a priming mechanism at the photoreceptor ribbon synapse that is independent of the

241 vidence for a fundamental difference between photoreceptor ribbon synapses and conventional chemical

242 represents a fundamental difference between photoreceptor ribbon synapses and conventional chemical

243 2 mutant mice, we show here that the sensory photoreceptor ribbon synapses most likely lack RIM1 and

244 We reported previously that, at mouse photoreceptor ribbon synapses, vesicle priming is Munc13

245 ot essential for synaptic vesicle priming at photoreceptor ribbon synapses, which represents a fundam

246 ution, and function at male and female mouse photoreceptor ribbon synapses.

247 ha is the major large RIM isoform present at photoreceptor ribbon synapses.

248 ifically investigate the development of cone photoreceptor ribbon synapses.

249 Birds have six types of photoreceptors: rods, active in dim light, double cones

250 le that RPE may continue to form a preserved photoreceptor-RPE complex that provides essential nutrie

251 with this, short- wavelength sensitive cone photoreceptors (S-cones) did not show the adaptive respo

252 A Drosophila R1-R6 photoreceptor's light sensor, the rhabdomere, has 30,000

253 efficient enrichment of rhodopsin within rod photoreceptor sensory cilia, inhibited enrichment of the

254 Moreover, the photoreceptor signalling pathways underlying the circadi

255 ate subcellular functional specialization in photoreceptors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Ca(2+) homeostasis

256 y reported the identification of a novel rod photoreceptor specific isoform of Receptor Expression En

257 Inhibition of c-Fos using photoreceptor-specific AAV (adeno-associated virus)-hRK

258 AIPL1 functions as a photoreceptor-specific co-chaperone that interacts with

259 In Exoc5 photoreceptor-specific knock-out mice, the photoreceptor

260 Our findings demonstrate that the photoreceptor-specific RIM variants are not essential fo

261 l of photoreceptors over time by utilizing a photoreceptor-specific, PKM2 knockout mouse model.

262 ely with ex vivo approaches that disrupt the photoreceptors' subretinal microenvironment.

263 eye, the random mosaic of color-detecting R7 photoreceptor subtypes is determined by stochastic on/of

264 omes and common signaling molecules of these photoreceptors, such as SPA1/COP1 E3 ubiquitin ligase co

265 s mouse and zebrafish retinas mostly through photoreceptors support a conceptually new model for reti

266 Rod and cone photoreceptors support vision across large light intensi

267 Prominent JN expression was found in the photoreceptor-supporting retinal pigment epithelium (RPE

268 ated with reduced ERG function and decreased photoreceptor survival at both high and low doses of PER

269 helium (RPE), a cell monolayer essential for photoreceptor survival, and is the leading cause of visi

270 ed for neuroprotective modalities to improve photoreceptor survival.

271 a2 gene (Lamb2) exhibit retinal disruptions: photoreceptor synapses in the OPL are disorganized and t

272 accomplish their roles in sensory signaling, photoreceptor synapses use specialized presynaptic prote

273 the development and morphology of zebrafish photoreceptor synaptic connectivity toward appreciating

274 release properties consistent with possible photoreceptor synaptic function.

275 c glutamate receptors (mGluRs) regulate cone photoreceptor synaptic transmission, although the mechan

276 2alpha mutant mouse only marginally perturbs photoreceptor synaptic transmission.

277 CRY and opsin-based external photoreceptor systems cooperate for UV light-evoked acut

278 dence for synaptic transmission between cone photoreceptor terminals and ORDs suggests a novel photor

279 All photoreceptors tested incorporate PCB rather than PPhiB,

280 Type I animal cryptochromes are photoreceptors that entrain an organism's clock to its e

281 phagocytosis helps maintain the viability of photoreceptors that otherwise could succumb to the high

282 The discovery of photoreceptors that sense light using 5'-deoxyadenosylco

283 model of pathological blood vessels invading photoreceptors: the very low-density lipoprotein recepto

284 current knowledge about these B12-dependent photoreceptors, their distribution and mode of action, a

285 Instead, foveal cone photoreceptors themselves exhibited slower light respons

286 Photoreceptors then export the lactate as fuel for the r

287 s might be able to synapse with reintroduced photoreceptors, thereby restoring vision in patients bli

288 Specifically, in a fly photoreceptor, this limit is set by the number of its ph

289 h synaptically mediated drive from classical photoreceptors through bipolar-cell input.

290 receptor terminals and ORDs suggests a novel photoreceptor to ganglion cell connection in the mammali

291 tion of signals originating from the ocellar photoreceptors to the information processing regions in

292 opy were utilized to track the expression of photoreceptor transduction proteins and ribbon and synap

293 f the visual pigments located in the various photoreceptor types.

294 ultraviolet-B light (UV-B) perceived by the photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) [11] strongly

295 ipRGCs act as autonomous photoreceptors via the intrinsic melanopsin-based photot

296 studies have implicated TH signaling in cone photoreceptor viability.

297 t-induced current of the Opn4-expressing fly photoreceptors was approximately 40-fold faster than tha

298 ents (OSs), which were less severe when more photoreceptors were treated.

299 e biological sensors known, even better than photoreceptors which can detect a single photon (10(-18)

300 ed in numbers, reconnected to undamaged cone photoreceptors with correct wiring patterns.