ライフサイエンスコーパス: phytochrome

1 ctive unless it heterodimerizes with another phytochrome.

2 ed ratio of the light, which is perceived by phytochrome.

3 ochromobilin, a cofactor of photoconvertible phytochromes.

4 l NIR FPs and NIR luciferases from bacterial phytochromes.

5 atio provides a competition signal sensed by phytochromes.

6 n the red/far-red light sensed by land plant phytochromes.

7 t for the photochromicity of all multidomain phytochromes.

8 he light induction of PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD1) by phytochromes.

9 ar to those seen in other streptophyte algal phytochromes.

10 functional characterization of Avena sativa phytochrome A (AsphyA) as a potential protein kinase.

11 Here, we show that light-activated phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome B (phyB) interact w

12 Phytochrome A (phyA) is crucial to initiate the early st

13 that CKI1 expression is under the control of phytochrome A (phyA), functioning as a dual (both positi

14 The photoreceptor phytochrome A acts as a light-dependent molecular switch

15 light signaling by photoreceptors other than phytochrome A and additively increases ABA insensitivity

16 Phytochrome A and cryptochrome photoreceptors stabilize

17 ght-dependent manner, with the photoreceptor phytochrome A playing a major role.

18 the positive clones encodes a member of the Phytochrome A Signal Transduction1 subfamily of GRAS (fo

19 TYL IN FAR RED1/SLENDER IN CANOPY SHADE1 and phytochrome A, which function largely independently to n

20 Y PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) and SUPPRESSOR OF PHYTOCHROME A-105 (SPA)1 in vitro.

21 As in the canonical phytochromes, a unique motif of the second GAF domain, t

22 Surprisingly, phytochromes also mediate light activation of BIC transc

23 Phytochromes also regulate adult plant growth; however,

24 Prasinophyte phytochromes also retain light-regulated histidine kinas

25 Analysis of genetic interactions with phytochrome and abi mutants indicates that ZFP3 enhances

26 ic measurements reveal diurnal regulation of phytochrome and bilin chromophore biosynthetic genes in

27 light being most effective, indicating that phytochrome and blue light signaling control AR system a

28 oreceptor--neochrome--that fuses red-sensing phytochrome and blue-sensing phototropin modules into a

29 phosphorylation may also participate in the phytochrome and cryptochrome coaction.

30 r control of photomorphogenic development by phytochrome and cryptochrome.

31 We found that loss-of-function mutations in PHYTOCHROME AND FLOWERING TIME1 (PFT1)/MED25 increase pr

32 was shown to be under strict control of both phytochrome and hormonal signals.

33 that genetic linkage map regions containing phytochrome and HY5-specific markers were associated wit

34 far red light was regulated by SIG5 through phytochrome and photosynthetic signals; and the circadia

35 lgal and land plant neochromes, a chimera of phytochrome and phototropin, appear to share a common or

36 Here, we show that the phytochrome and retrograde signalling (RS) pathways conv

37 cluster that includes a knotless red/far-red phytochrome and two response regulators.

38 ion of direct protein-protein interaction of phytochromes and cryptochromes and common signaling mole

39 dian system via both photoreceptors, such as phytochromes and cryptochromes, and sugar production by

40 y multiple sensory photoreceptors, including phytochromes and cryptochromes, which absorb different w

41 overview of optogenetic tools developed from phytochromes and describe their use in light-controlled

42 cs of the resting and intermediate states of phytochromes and other photoreceptor proteins.

43 programs to rapidly introgress G. barbadense phytochromes and/or HY5 gene (s) into G. hirsutum cotton

44 in rhodopsins, photoactive yellow proteins, phytochromes, and some other photoresponsive proteins wh

45 ng1 mutants confirms that ein2 enhances both phytochrome- and cryptochrome-dependent responses in a L

46 Phytochromes are a family of photoreceptors that control

47 Phytochromes are a major family of red-light-sensing kin

48 It has been suggested that plant phytochromes are autophosphorylating serine/threonine ki

49 Bacterial phytochromes are dimeric light-regulated histidine kinas

50 Phytochromes are dimeric photoreceptor proteins that sen

51 Phytochromes are dimeric proteins that function as red a

52 Phytochromes are multidomain photoswitches that drive li

53 We demonstrate that algal phytochromes are not limited to red and far-red response

54 Phytochromes are photoreceptors using a bilin tetrapyrro

55 Plant phytochromes are photoswitchable red/far-red photorecept

56 Phytochromes are red/far-red photoreceptors that are wid

57 Phytochromes are red/far-red photoreceptors that play es

58 Plant phytochromes are thought to transduce light signals by m

59 th the red and far-red light photoreceptors, phytochromes, are called PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS

60 FP670 and iRFP720, engineered from bacterial phytochromes, as photoacoustic contrast agents.

61 ght-oxygen-voltage-sensing (LOV) domains and phytochromes, as well as their properties and applicatio

62 nding domains of the Deinococcus radiodurans phytochrome at 2.1 A resolution.

63 ent proteins (FPs) engineered from bacterial phytochromes attract attention as probes for in vivo ima

64 ion of linear tetrapyrrole chromophores make phytochromes attractive molecular templates for the deve

65 is inhibited in sorghum genotypes that lack phytochrome B (58M, phyB-1) until after floral initiatio

66 ed and validated signaling-active alleles of phytochrome B (eYHB) as plant-derived selection marker g

67 RACK/BROAD (LRB) E3 ubiquitin ligases target phytochrome B (phyB) and PIF3 primarily under high-light

68 In addition, co-occurrence of phytochrome B (phyB) at multiple sites where the EC is b

69 We found that phytochrome B (phyB) directly associates with the promot

70 Phytochrome B (phyB) enables plants to modify shoot bran

71 Plants deficient in phytochrome B (phyB) exhibit a constitutive shade avoida

72 In contrast, phytochrome B (phyB) facilitates degradation of CO in th

73 tors [3-5], with the red-light photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) having a dominant role in white lig

74 PCH1 peaks at dusk, binds phytochrome B (phyB) in a red light-dependent manner, an

75 hat light-activated phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome B (phyB) interact with SPA1 and other SPA pr

76 Our results show that phytochrome B (phyB) is able to regulate flowering time,

77 ow that the C-terminal module of Arabidopsis phytochrome B (PHYB) is sufficient to mediate the degrad

78 Arabidopsis phytochrome B (phyB) is the major photoreceptor that sen

79 Phytochrome B (phyB) is the primary red light photorecep

80 s interaction triggers feedback reduction of phytochrome B (phyB) levels.

81 Here, we demonstrate that the phytochrome B (phyB) photoreceptor participates in tempe

82 nal red (R) and far-red (FR) light receptor, phytochrome B (phyB), caused this phenotype.

83 tion of low red to far-red ratios (R:FRs) by phytochrome B (phyB), which leads to the direct activati

84 cal interactions with the red-light receptor phytochrome B (phyB).

85 ch directly interacts with the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB).

86 ht and temperature by dual receptors such as phytochrome B and phototropin leads to immediate signall

87 de is largely dependent on the photoreceptor phytochrome B and the phytohormone auxin.

88 s N-terminal half and PIFs' conserved active-phytochrome B binding motif.

89 Consistently, phytochrome B inactivation by monochromatic FR light or

90 et al. (2016a) show that red-light-activated phytochrome B interacts with transcriptional regulators

91 the red light sensing network that modulates phytochrome B signaling input into the circadian system.

92 response is controlled by the photoreceptor, phytochrome B, through the deactivation and proteolytic

93 easing these bHLH transcription factors from phytochrome B-mediated inhibition.

94 introduce a constitutively active version of phytochrome B-Y276H (YHB) into both wild-type and phytoc

95 he red/far red light absorbing photoreceptor phytochrome-B (phyB) cycles between the biologically ina

96 (BR) signaling converges with SUPPRESSOR OF PHYTOCHROME B4-#3 (SOB3) to influence both the transcrip

97 amed Katushka2S, and near-infrared bacterial phytochrome-based markers.

98 s 2-fold and 1.4-fold smaller than bacterial phytochrome-based NIR FPs and GFP-like proteins, respect

99 le as chromophore, which switch in canonical phytochromes between red (Pr) and far red (Pfr) light-ab

100 ural analysis of the Deinococcus radiodurans phytochrome BphP assembled with biliverdin (BV).

101 light-induced binding between the bacterial phytochrome BphP1 and its natural partner PpsR2 from Rho

102 proteins (NIR FPs) engineered from bacterial phytochromes (BphPs) are of great interest for in vivo i

103 A subclass of bacterial phytochromes (BphPs) utilizes heme-derived biliverdin te

104 FPs) were recently engineered from bacterial phytochromes but were not systematically compared in neu

105 tochrome families found in flowering plants, phytochrome C (PHYC) is the least understood.

106 he temperate grass, Brachypodium distachyon, PHYTOCHROME C (PHYC), is necessary for photoperiodic flo

107 B. distachyon colocalize with VERNALIZATION1/PHYTOCHROME C and VERNALIZATION2, loci identified as flo

108 We also demonstrate a role for phytochrome C as part of the red light sensing network t

109 Instead, different algal phytochromes can sense orange, green, and even blue ligh

110 Our results reveal novel phytochrome clades and establish the basis for understan

111 Members of the phytochrome class of light receptors are known to play a

112 aging microscopy analyses show that SPAs and phytochromes colocalize and interact in nuclear bodies.

113 chanism is a blueprint for understanding how phytochromes connect to the cellular signalling network.

114 Bacterial phytochromes consist of a photosensory core and a carbox

115 It also identified differential phytochrome control of plant immunity genes and confirme

116 This study demonstrates that phytochrome controls carbon allocation and biomass produ

117 iption factors PIFs, would partially explain phytochrome-cryptochrome coactions.

118 e of red light-grown seedlings of the tomato phytochrome-deficient aurea mutant upon NO fumigation.

119 effects of ethylene overproduction in mature phytochrome-deficient plants.

120 eristic of the D-ring photoflip in canonical phytochromes, denaturation experiments showed conclusive

121 anscriptional changes typically triggered by phytochrome-dependent light perception.

122 Supporting this notion, phytochrome depletion alters the proportion of day:night

123 molecular oxygen for chromophore maturation, phytochrome-derived IFPs incorporate biliverdin (BV) as

124 In nature, this strategy may be activated in phytochrome-disabling, vegetation-dense habitats to enha

125 Despite their functional significance, phytochrome diversity and evolution across photosyntheti

126 druple mutant in the dark and increased in a phytochrome double mutant in the light, indicating that

127 the Deinococcus radiodurans proteobacterial phytochrome (DrBphP) is hypersensitive to X-ray photons

128 4 and a comparison non-fluorescent monomeric phytochrome DrCBDmon.

129 ne dinucleotide) domains, cryptochromes, and phytochromes, enabling control of versatile cellular pro

130 Of the three major phytochrome families found in flowering plants, phytochr

131 s, ferns and seed plants, leading to diverse phytochrome families in these clades.

132 Light signals perceived by the phytochrome family of photoreceptors induce rapid degrad

133 mote photomorphogenesis, light activates the phytochrome family of sensory photoreceptors, which inhi

134 otoisomerization, and photochromicity in the phytochrome family.

135 versibly switchable nonfluorescent bacterial phytochrome for use in multiscale photoacoustic imaging,

136 ng, and genes for ultraviolet protection and phytochromes for far-red sensing.

137 were studied with droplets of the bacterial phytochrome from Deinococcus radiodurans (DrBphP), which

138 se/adenylyl cyclase/FhlA) domain fragment of phytochrome from Synechococcus OS-B'.

139 dentify multiple structural transitions in a phytochrome from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (Cph1) by mea

140 model cyanobacterial photoreceptors and into phytochrome from the early-diverging streptophyte alga M

141 xamined the photosensory properties of seven phytochromes from diverse algae: four prasinophyte (gree

142 Phytochromes from streptophyte algae, sister species to

143 Phytochromes function as red/far-red photoreceptors in p

144 es and establish the basis for understanding phytochrome functional evolution in land plants and thei

145 logenetic reconstructions of phototropin and phytochrome gene families.

146 detailed the genome mapping of three cotton phytochrome genes with newly developed CAPS and dCAPS ma

147 Cph2 from Synechocystis sp., a noncanonical phytochrome, harbors besides a cyanobacteriochrome domai

148 monstrates that extensive spectral tuning of phytochromes has evolved in phylogenetically distinct li

149 s, among which the red/far-red light-sensing phytochromes have been extensively studied.

150 Together with phytochromes identified from other prasinophyte lineages

151 , prasinophyte, cryptophyte, and glaucophyte phytochromes implying an origin in the eukaryotic ancest

152 balance between synthesis and photoactivated-phytochrome-imposed degradation, with maximum levels acc

153 ass, our data point to an important role for phytochrome in regulating these fundamental components o

154 nstructions robustly support the presence of phytochrome in the common progenitor of green algae and

155 Phytochromes in charophyte algae are structurally divers

156 xpression of up to ~20-fold in the remaining phytochromes in somatically regenerated PHYA1 RNAi cotto

157 racting factors (PIFs) are phosphorylated by phytochromes in vitro.

158 shijima et al. (2017) demonstrate a role for phytochromes in widespread regulation of alternative pro

159 Phytochromes inhibit the COP1/SPA complex, leading to th

160 ng that PIFs elevate GA in the dark and that phytochrome inhibition of PIFs could lower GA in the lig

161 ds on auxin and transcription factors of the phytochrome interacting factor (PIF) class.

162 transduction to the circadian clock are the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) family of transcrip

163 In hypocotyls, GA levels were reduced in a phytochrome interacting factor (pif) quadruple mutant in

164 n large part by controlling the abundance of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) transcription facto

165 anscriptome and the auxin levels of cop1 and phytochrome interacting factor 1 (pif1) pif3 pif4 pif5 (

166 twork analysis revealed the co-expression of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (PIF1) with those genes

167 Several transcription factors including a PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3-like gene (PIF3) were i

168 The transcription factor PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) has emerged as a

169 omorphogenic and thermomorphogenic regulator Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4 (PIF4) on hypocotyl elo

170 s the transcriptional activation activity of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), a key transcrip

171 Here we show that PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4)-mediated thermos

172 ers degradation of the transcription factors PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 and PHYTOCHROME INTERAC

173 nd repressing the expression of GIGANTEA and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 as well as several of t

174 and these changes have detectable effects on phytochrome interacting factor 4 expression and growth.

175 Manipulating PCH1 alters PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 levels and regulates li

176 factors PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 5 and stabilizes growth-r

177 iii) SUMOylation of phyB inhibits binding of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 5 to phyB Pfr.

178 of downstream regulatory proteins, including PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR transcription factors, an

179 PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR(PIF) mutants form stomata

180 he phyA-regulated transcription factors (TF) PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 and CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSO

181 , the combination of circadian expression of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) and PIF5 and thei

182 rve mutants are due to the misregulation of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) and PIF5 expressi

183 Shade enhances the activity of Phytochrome Interacting Factors (PIFs) by releasing thes

184 op-helix (bHLH) transcription factors of the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) family.

185 The PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) PIF3, PIF4, and P

186 Moreover, PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) transcription fac

187 The phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs), a small group of

188 elix-loop-helix transcription factors called phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs).

189 irect activation of auxin synthesis genes by PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs).

190 ght photoreceptors, phytochromes, are called PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs).

191 ate downstream signaling components, such as phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs).

192 gene transcription is directly repressed by PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)-class bHLH transcri

193 eased expression of the transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF4) may contribute to

194 Among them is PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3), a key transcrip

195 ix-loop-helix transcription factors, such as PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3), to regulate gen

196 s, mediated by the bHLH transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) [6-8], and enhan

197 CKRC2/YUC8 can be induced by CK and that the phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (PIF4) is required for

198 stream of the BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1)-PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4)-DELLA module.

199 namic repression-activation module formed by PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR1 (PIF1) and LONG HYPOCOTY

200 ibits RGA binding to four of its interactors-PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR3 (PIF3), PIF4, JASMONATE-

201 OGENIC1 (COP1), EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3), and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) and PIF5.

202 Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are members of th

203 PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) are members of th

204 We provide evidence that phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are phosphorylate

205 helix-loop-helix transcription factors, the PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs).

206 deactivation and proteolytic destruction of phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs).

207 egative regulators of GA signalling, inhibit phytochrome-interacting factors 3 and 4 (PIF3 and PIF4)

208 ontrast, the negatively acting factors (e.g. phytochrome-interacting factors or PIFs) are degraded in

209 factors, called PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5 (phytochrome-interacting factors).

210 ight signals by mediating the degradation of phytochrome-interacting transcription factors (PIFs) thr

211 A close NO-phytochrome interaction was revealed by the almost compl

212 on we have engineered R. palustris bacterial phytochrome into a single-domain NIR FP of 19.6 kDa, ter

213 s for Katushka2S and near-infrared bacterial phytochrome, iRFP720 were comparable in their optimal ch

214 most sequenced prasinophyte algal genomes, a phytochrome is found in Micromonas pusilla, a widely dis

215 ion, indicating that nuclear localization of phytochrome is necessary for its clock regulatory activi

216 four distinct kinases (PPKs, CK2, BIN2, and phytochrome itself) and four families of ubiquitin ligas

217 ults suggest a positive relationship between phytochrome kinase activity and photoresponses in plants

218 properties and functional roles of putative phytochrome kinase activity in plant light signalling ar

219 hat SynEtr1 also contains a light-responsive phytochrome-like domain.

220 gulator receiver domains in the streptophyte phytochrome lineage.

221 ine kinase activity lost in the streptophyte phytochrome lineage.

222 We show that phytochrome loss impacts core metabolism, leading to ele

223 In addition, phytochrome loss leads to sizeable reductions in overall

224 Phytochromes mediate light-induced transcription of BICs

225 We propose that phytochrome-mediated degradation of PIF1 prevents over-a

226 Phytochrome-mediated detection of far-red light reflecti

227 Since their discovery in phytochrome-mediated light signaling pathways, recent st

228 The phytochrome-mediated regulation of photomorphogenesis un

229 to be involved in chlorophyll metabolism and phytochrome-mediated signaling.

230 However, it is not fully understood how the phytochromes modulate hypocotyl growth.

231 Furthermore, the already growth-retarded phytochrome mutants are less responsive to growth-inhibi

232 Phytochrome mutants have a reduced CO2 uptake, yet overa

233 re mediated by an intricate cross talk among phytochromes, nitric oxide (NO), ethylene, and auxins.

234 chrome B-Y276H (YHB) into both wild-type and phytochrome null backgrounds of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis

235 Phytochrome null plants display a constitutive warm-temp

236 ion of cyanobacterial phytochrome2 (Cph2), a phytochrome of the cyanobacterial model system Synechocy

237 this study, we analyzed the influence of the phytochromes on phototropism in green (de-etiolated) Ara

238 nd genomic data we show that canonical plant phytochromes originated in a common ancestor of streptop

239 Land plant phytochromes perceive red and far-red light to control g

240 Prasinophyte phytochromes perceive wavelengths of light transmitted f

241 me-resolved structural investigations of the phytochrome photocycle with time-resolved SFX.

242 he transcript accumulation of genes encoding phytochromes, photomorphogenesis-repressor factors, and

243 Studies with photosystem II, the phytochrome photoreceptor, and ribonucleotide reductase

244 Phytochrome photoreceptors absorb far-red and near-infra

245 Phytochrome photoreceptors in plants and microorganisms

246 After light-induced nuclear translocation, phytochrome photoreceptors interact with and induce rapi

247 Phytochrome photoreceptors regulate plant responses to t

248 ort that, in response to light activation of phytochrome photoreceptors, EIN3-BINDING F BOX PROTEINs

249 r the red/far-red photocycles of the related phytochrome photoreceptors.

250 Phytochrome photosensors control a vast gene network in

251 output signal converges immediately with the phytochrome photosensory pathway to coregulate directly

252 nvironment is not homogeneous, the uncovered phytochrome-phototropin co-action is important for plant

253 ndings reveal fundamental differences in the phytochrome-phototropism crosstalk in etiolated versus g

254 rylation and light perception, including the phytochrome (Phy) A and phototropin photoreceptors.

255 ant photomorphogenesis are controlled by the phytochrome (Phy) family of bilin-containing photorecept

256 Across the plant kingdom, phytochrome (PHY) photoreceptors play an important role

257 The superfamily of phytochrome (Phy) photoreceptors regulates a wide array

258 pecifically with the active Pfr conformer of phytochrome (phy) photoreceptors.

259 Upon light-induced nuclear translocation, phytochrome (phy) sensory photoreceptors interact with,

260 A subfamily of four Phytochrome (phy)-Interacting bHLH transcription Factors

261 s enhanced by the red/far-red (R/FR)-sensing phytochromes (phy) with a predominant function of phyA.

262 The Pr state of plant phytochrome phyA is converted to the Pfr state after for

263 s mediated by the red/far-red photoreceptors phytochromes (PHYs) and is inhibited by repressors of PH

264 Phytochromes (phys) are red and far-red photoreceptors t

265 Phytochromes (Phys) encompass a diverse collection of bi

266 In the last two decades, the phytochrome-PIF signaling module has been shown to be co

267 Phytochromes play an important role in light signaling a

268 Surprisingly, the phytochrome portions of algal and land plant neochromes,

269 that light-mediated nuclear translocation of phytochrome predates the emergence of land plants and li

270 In particular, PHYTOCHROME-RAPIDLY REGULATED1, a transcriptional cofact

271 describe a major thermosensory role for the phytochromes (red light receptors) during the night.

272 of these genes precedes both light-mediated phytochrome redistribution from the cytoplasm to the nuc

273 Nevertheless, phytochrome-related proteins are found in recently seque

274 ion factors in darkness, but light-activated phytochrome reverses this activity, thereby inducing exp

275 establish that prasinophyte and streptophyte phytochromes share core light-input and signaling-output

276 substrates, including those involved in the phytochrome signal transduction pathway.

277 factor 45 (SPF45) named splicing factor for phytochrome signaling (SFPS), which directly interacts w

278 Phytochrome signaling allows plants to sense and respond

279 Our findings indicate that phytochrome signaling in the nucleus plays a critical ro

280 cent discoveries with a focus on the central phytochrome signaling mechanisms that have a profound im

281 nucleus as a transcriptional coactivator in phytochrome signaling to regulate a distinct set of ligh

282 ys-58, retains its biochemical properties in phytochrome signaling.

283 hodiesterase/adenylyl cyclase/FhlA (GAF) and phytochrome-specific (PHY) domains.

284 Here we analyze phytochrome structure and photochemistry to describe the

285 non-canonical forms, whereas in land plants, phytochrome structure is highly conserved.

286 Cyanobacteriochromes are members of the phytochrome superfamily of photoreceptors and are of cen

287 The phytochrome superfamily of photoreceptors exploits rever

288 cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs), members of the phytochrome superfamily of photoreceptors that exhibit a

289 ld be relevant to others within the extended phytochrome superfamily.

290 Light-induced heterodimerization using the phytochrome system has previously been used as a powerfu

291 We demonstrate the utility of the phytochrome system to rapidly and reversibly recruit pro

292 e factors are also known to be controlled by phytochromes, the red/far-red photoreceptors; however, t

293 nderlying the co-action of cryptochromes and phytochromes to coordinate plant growth and development

294 rtional to temperature in the dark, enabling phytochromes to function as thermal timers that integrat

295 that the same occurs in Synechococcus OS-B' phytochrome upon photoconversion.

296 f near-infrared (NIR) FPs based on bacterial phytochromes was developed.

297 onal analyses of the Deinococcus radiodurans phytochrome, we demonstrate that two dimerization interf

298 and Selaginella apparently possess a single phytochrome, whereas independent gene duplications occur

299 Ps, termed miRFPs, engineered from bacterial phytochrome, which can be used as easily as GFP-like FPs

300 module of Deinococcus radiodurans bacterial phytochrome with the effector module of Homo sapiens pho