ライフサイエンスコーパス: plastid

1 rs have retained a genome in their colorless plastid.

2 al for proper biogenesis and function of the plastid.

3 ingle large and spherical starch granule per plastid.

4 to determinants of translation efficiency in plastids.

5 , on editing in Arabidopsis mitochondria and plastids.

6 noflagellates are metabolically dependent on plastids.

7 eroxisomal targeting motif also might target plastids.

8 red as a redox sensor of protein import into plastids.

9 green tissues and is furthermore limited to plastids.

10 anellar genome stability in mitochondria and plastids.

11 ic acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) to plastids.

12 endosymbiotic evolution of the TOC system in plastids.

13 fully differentiated and functionally mature plastids.

14 fied protein turnover rates in heterotrophic plastids.

15 hyll cells, which lack oil bodies and normal plastids.

16 important protein stability determinants in plastids.

17 lobal picture of SD-dependent translation in plastids.

18 he impact of the IR on sequence evolution in plastids.

19 dapted nucleotide transport system in diatom plastids.

20 wn as the Vipp1 (vesicle-inducing protein in plastids 1), has a crucial role in thylakoid membrane bi

21 additional compartment, and 520 outside the plastid), 122 proteins awaiting biochemical/genetic char

22 rmore hampered by a processing defect of the plastid 23S rRNA.

23 iewed proteins (559 localized exclusively in plastids, 68 in at least one additional compartment, and

24 c algae that have photosynthetic organelles (plastids) acquired through multiple evolutionary events

25 ot cap, where sedimentation of starch-filled plastids (amyloplasts) triggers a pathway that results i

26 Phylogenetic analysis of plastid and mitochondrial genes demonstrated that the th

27 The protein binds DNA and localizes to plastid and mitochondrial nucleoids, but fractionation a

28 inhibitors, and compare the distribution of plastid and mitochondrial peptidases to the total peptid

29 nes (C) to uridines (U) at specific sites in plastid and mitochondrial transcripts.

30 by conducting a phylogeographic analysis of plastid and nuclear gene DNA variation.

31 ey lipid biosynthetic enzymes located in the plastid and the endoplasmic reticulum enables the root c

32 ion alters non-photoactive redox behavior in plastids and a sub-set of mitochondrially altered lines.

33 anta indicated that AtPyrP2 was localized in plastids and AtGpp1/PyrP3 in mitochondria.

34 ubunits in a variety of protein complexes in plastids and identified the set of plant proteins whose

35 Plant plastids and mitochondria have dynamic proteomes.

36 exchange of isoprenoid intermediates between plastids and peroxisomes.

37 ied the spectrum of spontaneous mutations in plastids and reveals that this spectrum is very differen

38 ylakoid lipids functions in acyl export from plastids and seed oil biosynthesis.

39 the origin and evolution of mitochondria and plastids and the eukaryotic cell per se.

40 divergent phylogenetic origins (the nucleus, plastid, and mitochondrion).

41 Most groups of isoprenoids synthesized in plastids, and some produced elsewhere in the plant cell

42 These residues are specifically conserved in plastids, and their evolution coincides with the loss of

43 In contrast, it has been shown that plastids are able to transfer lipids to mitochondria dur

44 Plastids are supported by a wide range of proteins encod

45 Plastids are the organelles for carotenoid biosynthesis

46 Unlike their descendants, mitochondria and plastids, bacteria do not have dedicated protein import

47 tyles, but it also can occur in free-living, plastid-bearing lineages.

48 Arabidopsis thaliana), preventing its use in plastid biology.

49 ing organisms that contain nonphotosynthetic plastids, but unlike Polytomella, Polytoma members have

50 confirmed their subcellular location in the plastid by fluorescence microscopy.

51 se of malaria, contains a non-photosynthetic plastid called the apicoplast.

52 Virtually all plastid (chloroplast) genomes are circular double-strand

53 es, or proteins predicted to be localized in plastid/chloroplast.

54 Present day mitochondria and plastids (chloroplasts) evolved from formerly free-livin

55 We analyze inter- and intraspecific plastid comparative genomics and phylogenomic relationsh

56 terial nitroreductase gene, nfsI, in tobacco plastids conferred the ability to detoxify TNT.

57 enes are conserved across bacteria and plant plastids, contributes to this dark adaptation.

58 and transfer to white light also results in plastid damage and loss of photosynthetic gene expressio

59 Plastid depletion of MSH1 causes heritable, non-genetic

60 ot localize within the nucleus directly, but plastid depletion produces non-genetic changes in flower

61 iatoms, pelagophytes and kelps, that possess plastids derived from red algae.

62 thetic control over gene expression.Multiple plastid-derived signals have been proposed but not shown

63 the porphyrin pathway), iojap (functions in plastid development), and brown midrib3 (caffeic acid O-

64 plant hormone cytokinin is the regulation of plastid development, but the underlying molecular mechan

65 local osmotic, ionic, and pH homeostasis to plastid division and thylakoid membrane formation.

66 s, photomorphogenesis-repressor factors, and plastid division proteins, revealing that this free radi

67 ility of these de novo nuclear insertions of plastid DNA (nupts) was shown to be associated with dele

68 can even result in the complete loss of the plastid DNA (ptDNA) and its associated gene expression s

69 clade, plus nine chloroplast capture and two plastid DNA (ptDNA) introgression and micro-recombinatio

70 quence data of three nuclear genes and three plastid DNA fragments from 109 accessions of Avena L.

71 we tested ancient DNA authenticity based on plastid DNA metabarcoding and the assessment of post-mor

72 a selectable marker (neo), used to identify plastid DNA transfer, was observed in the progeny of abo

73 Plants possessing dysfunctional plastids due to defects in pigment biosynthesis or trans

74 and the import of galactoglycerolipids from plastids during phosphate starvation.

75 d to be similar as under conditions inducing plastid dysfunction.

76 ults indicate that chloroplasts and arrested plastids each emit specific signals that control differe

77 Unlike ORRM1, the other known ORRM plastid editing factor, ORRM6, does not contain RNA edit

78 osomal proteins and diminished expression of plastid encoded proteins.

79 esis becomes dependent on translation of the plastid-encoded ACC beta-carboxylase subunit.

80 and all the heterotrophic plants are missing plastid-encoded cp-ndh genes and exhibit no evidence for

81 Accumulation of transcripts of several plastid-encoded genes is dependent on the capital A, Cyr

82 n involves nuclear-encoded sigma subunits of plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase.

83 The activity of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) and the expression

84 Genes for the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) persist in the plas

85 s known as pTAC12, which associates with the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase, and is essential for ind

86 Mutants lacking plastid-encoded RNA polymerase-associated proteins (PAPs

87 The plastid-encoded subunit may be catalytically inert.

88 at least 13 nucleus-encoded subunits and one plastid-encoded subunit, which are arranged in several r

89 and stabilizing the partnership between the plastid endosymbiont and host through retargeting of pro

90 ant nuclear genomes that originated from the plastid endosymbiont: symbiogenetic genes (S genes).

91 These results suggest that prior to plastid endosymbiosis, the dinoflagellate ancestor posse

92 OX enzyme identified here accumulated in the plastid envelope and catalyzed the dioxygenation of unsa

93 gene transfers (HGTs) from other bacteria to plastid establishment remains more controversial.

94 a represents a unique model for the study of plastid evolution because it contains cyanobacterium-der

95 Plastid evolution has been attributed to a single primar

96 sZ-ring dynamics may have been essential for plastid evolution in the green and red photosynthetic li

97 h dual-targeting, is an ancestral feature of plastid evolution.

98 enoid metabolism and accumulation in various plastids expands our view on the multifaceted regulation

99 l or the Arabidopsis psbS gene optimized for plastid expression.

100 matically affect both carotenoid content and plastid fate.

101 dination, SufA and SufB, two proteins of the plastid Fe-sulfur cofactor assembly pathway, were also d

102 herefore on an EPA supply from the ER to the plastid, following an unknown process.

103 ses the outflow of 16:0 fatty acids from the plastid, for subsequent use by RAM2 to produce 16:0 beta

104 m mevalonic acid via the MVA pathway, and in plastids from 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate throug

105 an endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and plastids from bacterial ancestors, but she also posited

106 ability by hosting endosymbionts or stealing plastids from their prey - are omnipresent.

107 When combined with mutations that impair plastid gene expression (prors1-1, prpl11-1, prps1-1, pr

108 d from perturbations in plastid redox state, plastid gene expression, and tetrapyrrole biosynthesis (

109 nd RPOTmp suggests that the hormone controls plastid gene expression, at least in part, via the expre

110 ed and that this function is associated with plastid gene expression, in particular ribosome function

111 HK3 play opposite roles in the expression of plastid genes and genes for the plastid transcriptional

112 Surprisingly, however, several plastid genes from Pelargonium, Plantago, and Silene hav

113 parasitism relaxes functional constraints on plastid genes in a stepwise manner.

114 show that relaxed purifying selection in all plastid genes is linked to obligate parasitism, characte

115 pression of nucleus-encoded, edited forms of plastid genes.

116 zed mutant collection for future research on plastid genetics, gene expression, and photosynthesis, o

117 hetic green algae, we generated the complete plastid genome (plastome) and mitochondrial genome (mito

118 In parasitic plants, the reduction in plastid genome (plastome) size and content is driven pre

119 inverted repeat (IR) boundary changes in the plastid genome (plastome), nucleotide substitution rates

120 Exceptions to this universal plastid genome architecture are very few and include the

121 otes, and highlights unexpected variation in plastid genome architecture.

122 he ptDNA of P. uvella represents the largest plastid genome currently reported from a nonphotosynthet

123 present herein a model of the trajectory of plastid genome evolution under progressively relaxed fun

124 Here, we present the plastid genome of Polytoma uvella: to our knowledge, the

125 anscriptomic analyses of currently available plastid genome sequences and nuclear transcriptome data

126 Both gene sequences and complete plastid genome sequences were assembled and analyzed fro

127 marker gene for stable transformation of the plastid genome was developed that is similarly efficient

128 marker gene for stable transformation of the plastid genome was developed that is similarly efficient

129 eric ACCase, which is encoded in part by the plastid genome.

130 he reduction in size and gene content of the plastid genome.

131 The plastid genomes containing these divergent rpoA genes ha

132 egration of foreign DNA into algal and plant plastid genomes is a rare event, with only a few known e

133 -encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) persist in the plastid genomes of all photosynthetic angiosperms.

134 of two cbbX genes encoded by the nuclear and plastid genomes of the red algae Cyanidioschyzon merolae

135 Overall, the P. uvella and Polytomella plastid genomes reveal two very different evolutionary p

136 corporate multiple transgenes in nuclear and plastid genomes with computational modelling to design t

137 cyanobacteria, but 10-fold larger than most plastid genomes.

138 ination of the activities of the nuclear and plastid genomes.

139 gy that involve the multistep engineering of plastid genomes.

140 traspecific diversity and evolution of their plastid genomes.

141 dence for divergent evolution of fucoxanthin plastid genomes.

142 subunits chlL, chlN, and chlB are encoded by plastid genomes.

143 otically derived organelles mitochondria and plastids have a beta-barrel fold.

144 These plastids have dramatic differences in their capacity to

145 yotes are also known; cyanobacterium-derived plastids have spread horizontally when one eukaryote ass

146 nscripts encode an isoform with a functional plastid import sequence that produces GGPP for the major

147 omules are highly dynamic protrusions of the plastids in plants.

148 n vivo Ca(2+) dynamics in the stroma of root plastids in response to extracellular ATP and of leaf me

149 We found that plastids in the root tip became fluorescent 10 days afte

150 s exhibit dramatically enlarged and deformed plastids in the shoot apical meristem, and develop a mas

151 y a eukaryotic cell, although early steps in plastid integration are poorly understood.

152 usly shown to be several times slower in the plastid inverted repeat (IR) compared with single-copy (

153 rk to the light in which protein import into plastids is required to rapidly complete chloroplast bio

154 echanism of targeting HMR to the nucleus and plastids is still poorly understood.

155 Mutational analysis of nuclear and plastid isoforms demonstrates strong coordination betwee

156 light-responsive, growth-relevant genes, in plastids it is known as pTAC12, which associates with th

157 erestingly, however, double mutations in the plastid K(+) exchange antiporter (KEA) transporters kea1

158 ccumulation in tomato fruit by mediating the plastid level and contribute to a deeper understanding o

159 GLK2 vs CUL4-DDB1-DET1 complex on regulating plastid level and fruit quality remains unknown.

160 ecies are oleaginous eukaryotes containing a plastid limited by four membranes, deriving from a secon

161 Eukaryotic phytoplankton of the red plastid lineage contain so-called red-type rubiscos, som

162 closely related to the chloroplast, when the plastid lineage first evolved, and in what habitats this

163 This plastid lineage, acquired through tertiary endosymbiosis

164 cripts and processing intermediates found in plastid lineages across the eukaryotes.

165 amplicons) we identified two deep-branching plastid lineages based on 16S rRNA gene data.

166 A recent study adds two novel plastid lineages to our expanding understanding of marin

167 nown about the transcripts produced in other plastid lineages.

168 ) and phospholipase A-Igamma3 (At1g51440), a plastid lipase with a high substrate preference for MGDG

169 dopsis thylakoid membrane-associated lipase, PLASTID LIPASE1 (PLIP1).

170 Results suggest that rapid plastid lipid metabolism drives TAG accumulation during

171 or the chloroplastic lipocalin, now renamed plastid lipocalin (LCNP).

172 hloroplast transit peptide, and we confirmed plastid localization using AtRBSK fused to YFP.

173 e signals stemming from intermediates of the plastid-localized carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.

174 characterization of TPS2 verified that this plastid-localized enzyme forms linalool, (E)-nerolidol,

175 However, little is known about BAM2, a plastid-localized enzyme reported to have extremely low

176 More recently, a plastid-localized NADPH-dependent Trx reductase (NTR) wi

177 e novel insights into the quality control of plastid-localized proteins and establish a hitherto unid

178 xcessive levels, sensed through the separate plastid-localized RS system, acts to suppress such devel

179 ronic and monocistronic transcripts from two plastid loci, psbD-tRNA (Met)-ycf4 and rpl36-rps13-rps11

180 Plastid-made biopharmaceuticals treat major metabolic or

181 l composite genes, many of which function in plastid maintenance.

182 These findings suggest that incompatible plastids may lead to selection for biparental inheritanc

183 These findings suggest that plastids may play an important role in early steps media

184 ich in diatoms also represents the outermost plastid membrane.

185 passage of nucleotides across the innermost plastid membrane.

186 integration of interacting partners into the plastid membranes have been attributed.

187 , nucleotide transport across the additional plastid membranes remains to be clarified.

188 intracellular organelles including cytosol, plastid, mitochondrion, peroxisome and vacuole.

189 erminant of the translational output of many plastid mRNAs.

190 Plastid MSH1 depletion results in variegation, abiotic s

191 s that NO up-regulates the expression of the plastid nitrite reductase and genes involved in the subs

192 t of large-scale IR expansion/contraction on plastid nucleotide substitution rates among closely rela

193 while PGK2 was expressed in the chloroplast/plastid of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic cells.

194 The mitochondria and plastids of eukaryotic cells evolved from endosymbiotic

195 ral peculiarities when compared with primary plastids of higher plants or algae.

196 ripts produced in the fucoxanthin-containing plastids of the dinoflagellate alga Karenia mikimotoi.

197 e overview of the impact of various types of plastids on carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation, an

198 sive genes and multiple genes encoded by the plastid, on the one hand, and up-regulation of a GLUCOSE

199 mature HMR is unable to accumulate in either plastids or the nucleus.

200 apicomplexan pathogens contain an essential plastid organelle, the apicoplast, which is a key anti-p

201 propose general mechanisms of dependency on plastid organelles in eukaryotes that have lost photosyn

202 psis thaliana mutant exhibiting constitutive plastid osmotic stress to investigate the molecular and

203 he molecular and genetic pathways connecting plastid osmotic stress with cell differentiation at the

204 supporting the existence of a GPD2-dependent plastid pathway for the rapid synthesis of glycerol in r

205 ed public data, and used to infer additional plastid peptidases and to generate a coexpression networ

206 uely labels a small but biochemically active plastid phosphatidylglycerol pool in developing Arabidop

207 Plastid phylogenomics offers new and important insights

208 he use of appropriate substitution models in plastid phylogenomics.

209 Clearly, plastids play a central role in governing carotenogenic

210 mechanism in which HMR is targeted first to plastids, processed to the mature form, and then relocat

211 Plastids produce a vast diversity of transcripts.

212 p protease constitutes a central part of the plastid protease network, but its substrates for degrada

213 type E3 ubiquitin ligase SP1 [suppressor of plastid protein import locus 1 (ppi1) 1] as a peroxisome

214 establish a previously unknown link between plastid protein import, the processing of plastid rRNAs,

215 Over 95% of plastid proteins are nuclear-encoded as their precursors

216 and is required for efficient translation of plastid proteins.

217 lants phenocopies the molecular phenotype of plastid proteome accumulation in tic56-1 and to a smalle

218 We show that the ancestral ochrophyte plastid proteome was an evolutionary chimera, with 25% o

219 ally show that functional mixing of host and plastid proteomes, such as through dual-targeting, is an

220 Targeted inactivation of the plastid PsaI gene in Nicotiana tabacum has no measurable

221 ents and their sites of integration into the plastid (ptDNA), mitochondrial (mtDNA), and nuclear geno

222 trograde signal that regulates expression of plastid redox associated nuclear genes (PRANGs).

223 grates signals derived from perturbations in plastid redox state, plastid gene expression, and tetrap

224 ylogeographic analyses were undertaken using plastid regions and AFLP fragments.

225 novel molecular sequences (five nuclear and plastid regions) and twelve biogeographic models, we inf

226 Retrograde signals from the plastid regulate photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes

227 ranscriptional defect in the accumulation of plastid ribosomal proteins and diminished expression of

228 seedling-lethal phenotype and a reduction in plastid ribosome content.

229 condary effects resulting from a decrease in plastid ribosome content.

230 d fails to assemble the small subunit of the plastid ribosome, explaining the loss of plastid transla

231 essing of plastid rRNAs, and the assembly of plastid ribosomes and provide further knowledge on the f

232 These transformants demonstrate that plastid RNA editing can be bypassed through the expressi

233 ar-encoded sigma subunits of plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase.

234 54 is required for the trans-splicing of the plastid rps12 transcript and that therefore the emb2654

235 While some plastid RRM proteins are involved in other forms of RNA

236 on these results, we conclude that RH50 is a plastid rRNA maturation factor.

237 en plastid protein import, the processing of plastid rRNAs, and the assembly of plastid ribosomes and

238 Diatom plastids show several peculiarities when compared with p

239 regulation of genes for the nuclear encoded plastid sigma-factors, SIG1-6, which code for components

240 We describe here a mechanism where a plastid signal converges with the circadian clock to fin

241 The plastid signal thereby contributes to the rhythm of CBF

242 The plastid signal triggered by tetrapyrrole accumulation in

243 These findings provide insight into how plastid signals converge with, and impact upon, the acti

244 stem cell identity gene WUSCHEL Furthermore, plastid stress-induced apical callus production requires

245 ally, there was extreme heterogeneity in the plastid substitution rates across the commelinid orders

246 in tic56-1 and to a smaller degree also ppi2 plastids, suggesting that a defect in plastid translatio

247 6f complex, and Fe-containing enzymes of the plastid sulfur assimilation pathway were major targets o

248 aled that null mutations in ACC2, encoding a plastid-targeted acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, cause hy

249 sis thaliana) Ca(2+) sensor lines expressing plastid-targeted FRET-based Yellow Cameleon (YC) sensors

250 However, the loss of function of the plastid-targeted GGPPS11 isoform (referred to as G11) is

251 taining pelagophytes and dictyochophytes, in plastid-targeted proteins from another major algal linea

252 These plastid-targeted proteins may originate from the endosym

253 Here, we identify and characterise 770 plastid-targeted proteins that are conserved across the

254 n in the orrm6 mutants of a nucleus-encoded, plastid-targeted PsbF protein from a psbF gene carrying

255 nt of Arabidopsis defines the gene for PTOX (plastid terminal oxidase), a versatile plastoquinol oxid

256 nd that both chlororespiration, catalyzed by plastid terminal oxidase, and Mehler reactions, catalyze

257 state associated with N deprivation through plastid terminal oxidase-dependent water synthesis.

258 s the import of glucose-6-phosphate into the plastids that would repress chloroplast-encoded transcri

259 These types of reactions occur in plastids, the cytosol and mitochondria, and although car

260 Plastids, the photosynthetic organelles, originated >1 b

261 n, which disables an importer of lipids into plastids to create adg1suc2tt4tgd1, increased total leaf

262 that engineering fatty acid synthesis in the plastids to increase flux would facilitate enhanced tota

263 Plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signals emitted by dysfunc

264 From a screen for plastid-to-nucleus signaling mutants in Arabidopsis thal

265 y participating in mechanisms of retrograde (plastid-to-nucleus) signaling that coordinate biosynthet

266 One mechanism controlling plastid transcription involves nuclear-encoded sigma sub

267 via the expression of nuclear genes for the plastid transcription machinery.

268 xpression of plastid genes and genes for the plastid transcriptional machinery during leaf senescence

269 We have sequenced the plastid transcriptome of K. mikimotoi, and have detected

270 Although plastid transcriptomes have been characterised for many

271 ls exhibited a marked reduction in levels of plastid transcripts encoding photosynthetic proteins, al

272 We hypothesized that plastid transformation efficiency should increase in the

273 We obtained one to two plastid transformation events per bombarded sample in sp

274 kgrounds, an approximately 100-fold enhanced plastid transformation frequency.

275 on provides a rational template to implement plastid transformation in related recalcitrant crops.

276 )-Ia gene represents an efficient marker for plastid transformation in that it produces similar numbe

277 The development of new marker genes for plastid transformation is of crucial importance to all e

278 Plastid transformation is routine in tobacco (Nicotiana

279 ed ACCase in Arabidopsis is an impediment to plastid transformation provides a rational template to i

280 nst dengue fever and presents a Gateway((R)) plastid transformation vector for inducible transgene ex

281 Plastid transformation was confirmed by GFP accumulation

282 A practical system for Arabidopsis plastid transformation will be obtained by creating an A

283 r be used to provide a selectable screen for plastid transformation.

284 ngth cDNA encodes a type-I IPPI containing a plastid transit peptide (PTP) at its amino terminus.

285 A fusion construct of HCF222 containing a plastid transit peptide targets the protein into chlorop

286 the plastid ribosome, explaining the loss of plastid translation and consequent embryo-lethal phenoty

287 our data reveal the importance of the aSD in plastid translation initiation, uncover chloroplast gene

288 o ppi2 plastids, suggesting that a defect in plastid translation is largely responsible for the pheno

289 nctional relevance of SD-aSD interactions in plastid translation is unclear.

290 oach on olive oil: seed oil blends using the plastid trnL (UAA) intron barcode.

291 appear to encode GGPPS isoforms localized in plastids (two), the endoplasmic reticulum (two), and mit

292 bolic engineering of carotenoids in light of plastid types in plants.

293 remaining organelles in the phloem, such as plastid, vacuole, mitochondrion, or endoplasmic reticulu

294 f monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) in the plastid via posttranslational inhibition of MGDG synthas

295 ldolase from the cyanobacterial ancestors of plastids via endosymbiotic gene transfer.

296 They are synthesized in the plastids via the MEP pathway.

297 mulate to high amounts in small and dividing plastids, where they are specifically localized to the t

298 mesophyll cells contained fewer and smaller plastids, which are irregular in shape and contain fewer

299 tially regulated, specifically localizing to plastids within the epidermis and vascular parenchyma.

300 he environmental and developmental status of plastids within those cells.

301 Retrograde signaling from the plastids would then delay the transition to cell expansi