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1 l brain regions (thalamus, hypothalamus, and pons).
2 ed all the way to the ventrolateral pons (vl-pons).
3 descended ventromedially through the rabbit pons.
4 d the lowest concentration in the cerebellum/pons.
5 ancestor of the three families of mammalian PONs.
6 ppocampus, striatum, thalamus, midbrain, and pons.
7 poral cortex, insula, pulvinar, caudate, and pons.
8 r week; 95% CI: -0.05, 0.28) was seen in the pons.
9 generator plus a portion of the dorsolateral pons.
10 tivity results in hypertrophy of the ventral pons.
11 ncluding thalamus, cerebellum, brainstem and pons.
12 ages were normalized to mean activity in the pons.
13 (PBel-inner) cell groups of the dorsolateral pons.
14 al plane, extending through the midbrain and pons.
15 ties of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and pons.
16 he midbrain; and parabrachial nucleus in the pons.
17 nual anterior cingulate cortex and brainstem pons.
18 igating host-pathogen interactions and lacks PONs.
19 projections to the spinal cord, tectum, and pons.
20 [18F]FDG images were normalized to pons.
21 ect to the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) of the pons.
22 nt in the white tracts of the cerebellum and pons.
23 um, midbrain and anterior part of cerebellum/pons.
24 m from the entry point of the nerve into the pons.
25 ardiorespiratory centers of the dorsolateral pons.
26 bellum, right fusiform, parahippocampus, and pons.
27 neostriatum, superior colliculus, and basal pons.
28 ry visceral sensory areas of the medulla and pons.
29 fetal lung maturation and development of the pons.
30 caudal pressor area (CPA) to the medulla and pons.
31 throughout the rostral- caudal extent of the pons.
32 ional anisotropy values, uniquely within the pons.
33 ersing from the opposite, intact side of the pons.
34 ly placed curved lamellae in mid- and caudal pons.
35 egrity of a number of regions in the rostral pons.
36 jections encircle the peduncle in the caudal pons.
37 lum, and characteristic flattened dystrophic pons.
38 iratory centers of the medulla oblongata and pons.
39 volume deficits in both the thalamus and the pons.
40 nsection of the brainstem through the caudal pons.
41 served at locus ceruleus and in anteromedial pons.
42 bnormal processes in the cerebral cortex and pons.
43 bus pallidus, dentate nucleus, thalamus, and pons.
44 men, thalamus, and caudate, and midbrain and pons.
45 were observed primarily in the rostromedial pons.
46 instead were restricted to the intermediate pons.
47 the distribution of labeled terminals in the pons.
49 tly higher (P < 0.05) in the medulla (176%), pons (146%), midbrain (101%), hippocampus (85%), thalamu
50 In MSA-P, atrophy rates were greatest in the pons: 4.5% (3.2%), over 20 times that in controls and th
51 ment, in 1 in the cerebellum and in 1 in the pons), abnormally dilated extraaxial fluid collections i
52 red molecular compositions, we estimate that pONs account for 3% and 8% of total submicrometer organi
53 teral (n = 7) and were located either in the pons alone (n = 4) or in the upper pons and the midbrain
56 lliker-Fuse nucleus (KF) in the dorsolateral pons, an important centre for control of respiratory rhy
57 ssion and TrkB activation in the medulla and pons and (2) breathing dysfunction, characterized by inc
58 d posterior inferior cerebellum) and middle (pons and anterior inferior cerebellum) territories were
59 s to distant subcortical targets such as the pons and as far caudal as the pyramidal decussation and
61 on between the white matter integrity of the pons and cerebellar gray matter volume associated with h
62 genome, in frontal cortex, temporal cortex, pons and cerebellum from 387 human donors between the ag
64 ders characterized by impaired growth of the pons and cerebellum, which frequently follows a degenera
67 ratio differences were calculated for DN-to-pons and DN-to-middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) ratios b
68 ast MR examination were calculated for DN-to-pons and DN-to-middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) ratios i
69 ilinear gadolinium enhancement peppering the pons and extending variably into the medulla, brachium p
70 The difference in mean SI ratios of DN to pons and GP to thalamus on unenhanced T1-weighted images
71 d no group differences were found when DN-to-pons and GP-to-pulvinar ratios were compared (DN-to-pons
72 (PBN) is located in the rostral dorsolateral pons and has been identified as a critical relay for car
77 g showed that the rostral projections to the pons and midbrain and caudal projections to the spinal c
78 was proposed that neural populations in the pons and midline cerebellum compute an independent, inte
79 uzole-treated patients with ALS (P < .05 for pons and motor cortex) and healthy controls (P < .05 for
82 guingly, DIPGs are restricted to the ventral pons and occur during a narrow window of middle childhoo
83 the GABAergic neurons of the RVM and caudal pons and performed double labeling to evaluate the expre
90 s present in the parabrachial nucleus of the pons and that these receptors serve to modulate feeding
91 l projections and innervate the dorsolateral pons and the ipsilateral ventral respiratory column (VRC
94 tegmental area, periaqueductal grey, dorsal pons and various cortical areas including occipital, tem
98 I) in the DN was normalized to the SI of the pons, and a one-sample t test was used to test for diffe
103 ctivity within amygdala, anterior insula and pons, and engendered different effects on blood pressure
104 bers were found, while more rostrally in the pons, and in the midbrain-pontine junction part of the n
105 pontine terminals were absent in the rostral pons, and instead were restricted to the intermediate po
106 emporal pattern beginning in the cerebellum, pons, and internal capsule; proceeding caudocranially fr
108 dala, and neocortex, whereas in spinal cord, pons, and medulla GPR88 expression remains discrete.
109 expressed predominantly in the hypothalamus, pons, and medulla of posthatch chick brains, but not in
112 , the dorsal vagal complex, the dorsolateral pons, and selected hypothalamic nuclei (dorsomedial, lat
114 gray matter [CGM], whole cerebellum [WCER], pons, and subcortical white matter [SWM]) were studied.
116 ion to the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), pons, and thalamus after repeated administration of the
118 eport a newly identified family of bacterial PONs, and the reconstruction of the ancestor of the thre
120 ion is medial and ventral in rostral and mid-pons; and arm function is represented ventral and latera
127 ion from 60 to 90 min were created using the pons as a reference region and nine regions of interest
128 g potential values can be assessed using the pons as a reference region, with a test-retest repeatabi
135 end axons to the dorsal aspect of the SC and pons but avoid ventral SC and the pyramidal tract, where
136 no evidence of postnatal neurogenesis in the pons, but each progenitor compartment produces new astro
139 s suggest that lesions confined to the upper pons can cause coma in humans even in the absence of dam
144 t in thalamus, intermediate in the midbrain, pons, cerebellum, and cortex; and least in white matter.
147 , putamen, pallidum, thalamus, midbrain with pons (comprising a region of interest that includes the
148 tive/oxidative stressors on brainstem (upper pons, containing pedunculopontine and lateraldorsal tegm
151 on whether they project subcortically to the pons [corticopontine (CPn)] or to the contralateral cort
152 membrane properties: those projecting to the pons (CPn) and those projecting across the commissure to
153 d medial parabrachial nuclei of dorsolateral pons (dl-pons) plays an important role in respiratory ph
154 y projections to neurons in the dorsolateral pons (DLP) that project to the spinal cord dorsal horn.
155 one of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) in the pons eliminate the salt (sodium chloride; NaCl) appetite
156 s containing WM (as opposed to cerebellum or pons) enabled detection of cortical change that was more
157 ar gray matter, whole cerebellum, brain stem/pons, eroded subcortical white matter [WM], and 2 additi
158 rity of proliferative cells in the postnatal pons expressed the transcription factor Olig2, suggestin
161 ed the specific activities of purified human PONs for 3OC12-HSL hydrolysis, including the common PON1
162 , loss of Nfib results in defects in basilar pons formation and hippocampus development that are not
164 Neuronal tissues from the dentate nuclei, pons, globus pallidus, and thalamus of these 23 deceased
165 Neuronal tissues from the dentate nuclei, pons, globus pallidus, and thalamus were harvested and a
166 were used to compare SI and SI ratios (DN to pons, GP to thalamus) between case patients and control
168 are localized to rostral and medial basilar pons; hand coordination is medial and ventral in rostral
172 s but catalase and GPX were more abundant in pons, hypothalamus and medulla and less so in the cortex
173 can replicate the observed pON assuming that pONs (i) are produced in the gas phase and rapidly estab
178 on mutations in ACVR1 occur in tumors of the pons in conjunction with histone H3.1 p.Lys27Met substit
180 ic nuclei in (and a broader role for) the dl-pons in integrating respiratory and nonrespiratory infor
183 g of unit respiratory rhythmic neurons in dl-pons in urethane-anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, a
184 e superior cerebellar peduncle in the rostal pons, in the corticopontocerebellar fibers, and in Purki
185 (R2=0.29; P<.01 corrected) and midbrain with pons, including the locus coeruleus (R2=0.18; P<.01 corr
189 The activation pattern in the dorsal rostral pons is highly suggestive of a role for this structure i
192 otor corticopontine studies suggest that the pons is topographically organized, but details remain un
193 N) resides in the rostral medulla and caudal pons, is implicated in cardiovascular regulation and cra
196 nd increased connectivity in the cerebellum, pons, left amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortices (cluster
197 labeled terminals were most prevalent in the pons, less prevalent in neostriatum and superior collicu
200 gest the possibility that mPFC inputs to the pons may be integrated with different sources of cortica
202 conveyed to cerebellum via a pathway through pons, may engage the cerebellum and allow for the expres
205 in animals with MeCP2 removed from specific pons medullary respiratory circuits, we performed whole-
206 ird-order premotor neurons were found in the pons, midbrain, and cerebellum, including dorsolateral a
211 After atrophy correction and adjusting for pons MRglc, PET MRglc reductions were found in all FAD s
213 rebral cortex (n=35), cerebellum (n=34), and pons (n=7), along with liver samples (n=3) from 43 indiv
215 e olfactory bulb, in the cerebral cortex, in pons nuclei, in the red nucleus, in all cranial nerve nu
216 Cre recombinase (AAV-Cre) into the midbrain/pons of mice carrying a loxP-conditional tryptophan hydr
219 versus an increase of centrality within the pons of the brainstem, highlighting the important role o
220 e examined in the rostral medulla and caudal pons of the cat after (i) sham, (ii) stimulation of the
223 The sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD) in the pons of the rat is a locus supporting short-latency indu
224 basal forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain, and pons of the river hippopotamus, one of the closest extan
225 ed for the normal development of the basilar pons, one of several precerebellar nuclei of the hindbra
227 diffuse intrinsic gliomas, most often in the pons, or the nondiffuse brainstem tumors originating at
228 for the production and phase partitioning of pONs, organic aerosol mass, and reactive nitrogen specia
229 01), subcortical white matter (P < .05), and pons (P < .01) and higher levels of myo-inositol in the
230 em activation was seen in the dorsal lateral pons (P < 0.05 after small volume correction) during the
231 GP), thalamus (T), dentate nucleus (DN), and pons (P) were measured on unenhanced T1-weighted images.
232 icant in frontal cortex, temporal cortex and pons: P ranging from 4.8 x 10(-12) to 3.4 x 10(-3).
234 l remarkable postnatal growth in the ventral pons, particularly during infancy when cells are most pr
236 parabrachial nuclei of dorsolateral pons (dl-pons) plays an important role in respiratory phase switc
237 ergic agonist carbachol into the dorsomedial pons produces an REM sleep-like state with muscle atonia
238 e, the dichotomy of motor-predominant caudal pons projections to cerebellar anterior lobe, contrasted
239 trasted with associative-predominant rostral pons projections to cerebellar posterior lobe, is consis
242 GBCA applications: DN: r = -0.254, P = .31; pons: r = -0.097, P = .65; SN: r = -0.194, P = .38; GP:
243 f administered GBCA: DN: r = 0.091, P = .72; pons: r = 0.106, P = .62; SN: r = -0.165, P = .45; GP: r
244 caudal NTS, area postrema, VRC, dorsolateral pons, raphe nuclei, lateral hypothalamus, central amygda
245 an SI ratio increase (Bayes factor for DN-to-pons ratio = 0.09 and that for DN-to-MCP ratio = 0.12).
246 d GP-to-pulvinar ratios were compared (DN-to-pons ratio in case mean, 1.0083 +/- 0.0373 [standard dev
247 .0083 +/- 0.0373 [standard deviation]; DN-to-pons ratio in control mean, 1.0183 +/- 0.01917; P = .37;
248 s did not differ significantly from 0 (DN-to-pons ratio: -0.0012 +/- 0.0101, P = .436; DN-to-MCP rati
249 s did not differ significantly from 0 (DN-to-pons ratio: -0.0032 +/- 0.0154, P = .248; DN-to-MCP rati
253 ogenous GABA localized to this region of the pons reduced the incidence of apnoea and the respiratory
260 lts DN/MCP (rho = 0.51, P < .0001) and DN-to-pons (rho = 0.41, P = .0001) ratios correlated positivel
262 Globus pallidus-thalamus and dentate nucleus-pons SI ratios were calculated and compared between grou
263 ed, preferentially in the caudal half of the pons, situated in close proximity to traversing corticof
266 ritic trees that spanned several of these dl-pons subnuclei, often with terminal dendrites ending in
267 f interest (ROIs): the dentate nucleus (DN), pons, substantia nigra (SN), pulvinar thalami, and globu
268 anges were not observed in the cerebellum or pons, suggesting that cortex is more susceptible to oxid
269 ifferent tau isoform deposition in the basal pons suggests that this may ultimately prove to be a dis
271 twork characterized by increased activity in pons, thalamus, medial frontal and sensorimotor areas, h
272 Higher MTRs were seen in the thalami and pons than in the BG (P < .05), indicating earlier matura
274 providing an input to the cerebellum via the pons that bridges the temporal gap between conditioning
275 large laterodorsal tegmental nucleus of the pons that has both parvocellular and magnocellular choli
276 lesions involving the neurons of the basilar pons that link the ipsilateral cerebral cortex with the
277 ive malignant glial neoplasms of the ventral pons that, due to their location within the brain, are u
278 re calculated in the brainstem (midbrain and pons), the cerebellum, the lateral and third ventricles
279 t assessing the neurochemical profile of the pons, the cerebellar hemisphere and the vermis in patien
280 n projects mainly to the ipsilateral basilar pons, the MI whisker region has significantly more conne
281 inergic cell groups in the mesencephalon and pons, the principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, and
283 ntal nuclei, the median raphe nucleus of the pons, the ventral part of the medullary reticular nucleu
284 rogressing rostrally from the medulla to the pons, then to midbrain and substantia nigra, limbic stru
286 patients with focal infarcts in the basilar pons to determine whether pontine lacunar syndromes conf
290 bus pallidus, thalamus, dentate nucleus, and pons was measured at unenhanced T1-weighted MR imaging.
292 onderance of cerebellar afferents within the pons, we observed a significant positive correlation bet
293 sures of the left and right thalamus and the pons were derived from magnetic resonance imaging scans
296 Speciated particle-phase organic nitrates (pONs) were quantified using online chemical ionization M
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