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3 bacterial membranes are consistent with the pore-forming activities of AMPs previously observed in l
4 ggest the relative independence between StII pore-forming activity and its immunomodulatory propertie
5 umolysin-induced MIF production required its pore-forming activity and phosphorylation of p38-MAPK in
7 protein responsible for the 0.6-nanosiemens pore-forming activity in the outer membrane of B. burgdo
8 se-containing membranes, indicating that its pore-forming activity is specific and not promiscuous.
12 the borrelial OMP P66, a known adhesin with pore-forming activity, forms a beta-barrel in the B. bur
15 directed exposure of individual cells to the pore-forming agent alpha-hemolysin, we have controlled t
23 e-activated K(+)(BK) channel consists of the pore-forming alpha subunits (BKalpha) and auxiliary subu
24 ltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels comprise pore-forming alpha subunits and a multiplicity of regula
25 els are heteromeric proteins consisting of a pore-forming alpha(1) subunit and auxiliary alpha(2)delt
26 mice with a genetic ablation of the Ca(v)2.1 pore-forming alpha(1A) subunit (alpha(1A)(-)/(-)) encode
28 ewise, OHCs of BKalpha(-/-) mice lacking the pore-forming alpha-subunit of BK channels have longer IP
29 utations in SCN5A, the gene encoding for the pore-forming alpha-subunit of the cardiac sodium channel
30 ther-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming alpha-subunit of the rapidly activating del
31 te the ER exit and surface expression of the pore-forming alpha-subunit, whereas beta4-subunits that
33 ltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channel comprises four pore-forming alpha-subunits, and only members of the sam
34 hannels are formed by the co-assembly of the pore-forming alpha-subunits, Kv4.2 and Kv4.3, together w
35 n of PMN number and function and the role of pore-forming alpha-toxin (AT), a virulence factor that c
36 nnels reflect the tetrameric assembly of Kv4 pore-forming (alpha) subunits, and previous studies sugg
37 multisubunit protein complexes composed of a pore-forming alpha1 and auxiliary beta and alpha2delta s
38 caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the pore-forming alpha1 subunit of CaV 2.1 (P/Q-type) calciu
40 alleled by changes in phosphorylation of the pore-forming alpha1 subunit of the cardiac voltage-gated
41 divisions of calcium channel, defined by the pore-forming alpha1 subunit, the CaV 1, CaV 2 and CaV 3
42 age-gated Ca(2+) (CaV) channels consist of a pore-forming alpha1 subunit, which determines the main f
44 ta, 14-3-3, calmodulin and CaMKII) that bind pore-forming alpha1-subunits can be converted into calci
45 tions in the CACNA1A gene, which encodes the pore-forming alpha1A subunit of the CaV2.1 voltage-gated
47 ved by manipulating expression of the 6.6 kb pore-forming alpha1C-subunit in adult cardiomyocytes.
51 Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is the pore-forming and Ca(2+)-conducting subunit of the unipor
52 tifier (I(KS)) channel is composed of KCNQ1 (pore-forming) and KCNE1 (auxiliary) subunits, and functi
57 revealed that bacterial invasion and the GBS pore-forming beta-hemolysin/cytolysin (beta-h/c) trigger
59 ated potassium channels (BK) are composed of pore-forming BKalpha and auxiliary beta1 subunits in art
62 e attributed to the specific geometry of the pores, forming cages built with phenyl rings and enriche
64 nels, Cav1.4 channels are composed of a main pore-forming Cav1.4 alpha1 subunit and auxiliary beta an
65 nnels are oligomeric complexes formed by the pore-forming CaValpha1 with the auxiliary CaVbeta and Ca
66 ytes exist as heteromeric complexes with the pore-forming CaValpha1, CaVbeta, and CaValpha2delta1 sub
67 elation between the total amount of the LTCC pore-forming Cavalpha1.2 and the Akt-dependent phosphory
69 etry upon the conformational behavior of the pore-forming, cholesterol-dependent cytolysin perfringol
70 oL1 has been hypothesized to function like a pore-forming colicin and has been reported to have perme
74 which the receptor complex combines with the pore-forming component to assemble a new translocase for
76 t among these toxins are the membrane-active pore-forming cytolysin alpha-toxin (Hla) and the amphipa
77 the transcription factor PrfA, including the pore-forming cytolysin listeriolysin O (LLO), two phosph
82 echanotransduction complex that contains the pore-forming degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/EN
84 mic N-terminal domain and smaller C-terminal pore-forming domain comprising six transmembrane helices
85 GC-35 evolved from GABA-A receptors, but the pore-forming domain contains novel molecular determinant
86 Lo-like domain of HELLP is homologous to the pore-forming domain of MLKL, the cell death-execution pr
87 e based on expression of a chimera between a pore-forming domain of the mechanically insensitive ASIC
89 ell death-inducing protein containing a HeLo pore-forming domain, is activated through amyloid templa
92 involves global changes in structure of the pore-forming domains transduced by interactions of the p
93 ng domains transduced by interactions of the pore-forming domains with either the NT, CT, or both, wi
94 acNavs contain conserved voltage-sensing and pore-forming domains, but they are homotetramers of four
95 osis requires cleavage and activation of the pore-forming effector protein gasdermin D by inflammator
96 During pyroptosis, GSDMD (gasdermin D), the pore-forming effector protein, is cleaved, forms oligome
99 ne model to evaluate the contribution of the pore-forming GBS beta-hemolysin/cytolysin (betaH/C) to v
100 drophobic pockets between the peripheral and pore-forming helices to which amantadine or rimantadine
104 pathway and, when activated, transform into pore-forming homo-oligomers that permeabilize the mitoch
105 nexpected similarities uncovered between the pore-forming "hotspots" of TcdB and the well-characteriz
107 l activity by coexpression of members of the pore-forming inward rectifier gene family (Kir6.1, KCNJ8
109 tive potassium (KATP) channels comprise four pore-forming Kir6.2 subunits and four modulatory sulfony
110 f-function (GOF) mutations in genes encoding pore-forming (Kir6.1, KCNJ8) and accessory (SUR2, ABCC9)
111 Kv4 channels are ternary complexes including pore-forming Kv4 subunits and two types of auxiliary sub
112 Kv4 channels are ternary complexes including pore-forming Kv4 subunits, K(+) channel-interacting prot
114 can produce up to five different bicomponent pore-forming leukotoxins that lyse immune cells by formi
116 at Asn-988 (Trpm4b-N988Q), located near the pore-forming loop between transmembrane helices 5 and 6,
118 -expressed gene 1, Mpeg1), which possesses a pore-forming MACPF domain, reduces the viability of bact
120 beta), each of which comprises an N-terminal pore-forming MACPF/CDC domain, a central focal adhesion-
122 ly, there are tantalizing hints that the CDC pore-forming mechanism is more sophisticated than previo
123 ins) suggests that the toxins have a similar pore-forming mechanism of action involving alpha-helices
124 e make the unexpected finding that SNTX is a pore-forming member of an ancient branch of the Membrane
125 rned through direct interactions between the pore-forming Orai proteins and the endoplasmic reticulum
127 assay that relies on the conductance of the pore-forming peptide gramicidin A to monitor PLD activit
129 w that conformational fine-tuning of helical pore-forming peptides is a powerful way to modulate thei
130 lP5 are unique as neither melittin nor other pore-forming peptides release macromolecules significant
131 D by highlighting similarities with secreted pore-forming peptides, and by suggesting that PopB/PopD
133 e contents--granzyme (Gzm) proteases and the pore-forming perforin (PFN)--into the infected cell.
137 rst evidence, to our knowledge, that StII, a pore-forming protein from a marine eukaryotic organism,
138 to avoid this hurdle, sticholysin (St) II, a pore-forming protein from the Caribbean Sea anemone Stic
139 tage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), a major pore-forming protein in the outer membrane of mitochondr
140 ss-of-function mutations in the CRAC channel pore-forming protein ORAI1 or the Ca(2+) sensing protein
143 ic T lymphocytes enhance the function of the pore-forming protein perforin, thereby leading to more e
145 ed endosome-disrupting agent composed of the pore-forming protein Perfringolysin O (PFO), potent sile
146 Equinatoxin II (EqtII) is a soluble, 20 kDa pore-forming protein toxin isolated from the sea anemone
147 erall scheme of the archetypical beta barrel pore-forming protein toxin mode of action, in which the
150 specialized lysosomes containing perforin, a pore-forming protein, and granzymes, which are proteases
157 anisms from all kingdoms of life, only a few pore-forming proteins have been successfully reconstitut
159 sins (CDCs) represent a family of homologous pore-forming proteins secreted by many Gram-positive bac
160 ) proteins constitute a major superfamily of pore-forming proteins that act as bacterial virulence fa
161 ct effector proteins termed Yops, as well as pore-forming proteins that comprise the translocon itsel
165 proteins comprise the largest superfamily of pore-forming proteins, playing crucial roles in immunity
168 ed that the mutation is localized within the pore forming region of InsP3R2 and abrogates Ca2+ releas
169 nserved residue leucine 29 to alanine in the pore-forming region increased its single-channel conduct
170 eported a hypothetical structure of the RyR1 pore-forming region, obtained by homology modeling and s
173 s in the structural elements of K(+) channel pore-forming regions and postulated equivalent regions o
175 to this pathway, and mutations of homologous pore-forming residues had analogous effects on GltPh sim
176 ns by mutagenesis into the inner half of the pore-forming second transmembrane domain of the receptor
177 amino acid residues in or near the S5 and S6 pore-forming segments of NALCN, highlighting the functio
178 rsibly activates BK channels composed of the pore-forming Slo1 subunit and the auxiliary subunit beta
179 of VSV-TMD on the initial-intermediate- and pore-forming steps of PEG-mediated fusion derives from i
180 smooth muscle cell is a complex containing a pore-forming subunit (Kir6.1) and a sulfonylurea recepto
181 cular components of CRAC channels, the Orai1 pore-forming subunit and the STIM1-activating subunit ha
182 rted the unexpected finding that CaV1.2, the pore-forming subunit in a well-characterized voltage-gat
184 form a channel complex with the K(+) channel pore-forming subunit Kv4.3 in a subset of nociceptors to
186 l calcium uptake 1 (MICU1) and MICU2 and the pore-forming subunit mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MC
187 otein 16A (TMEM16A), also known as ANO1, the pore-forming subunit of a Ca(2+) -dependent Cl(-) channe
188 neuron-specific misexpression of TRP-4, the pore-forming subunit of a mechanotransduction channel, s
189 y NOMPC mutation, indicating that NOMPC is a pore-forming subunit of a mechanotransduction channel.
191 IM1 or Orai1, the activating subunit and the pore-forming subunit of CRAC channels, respectively, abo
192 The beta-subunit associates with the alpha1 pore-forming subunit of high voltage-activated calcium c
195 culum (ER) Ca(2+) sensor STIM1 to Orai1, the pore-forming subunit of the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(
196 tations of the CACNA1A gene that encodes the pore-forming subunit of the human Cav2.1 (P/Q-type) volt
197 d by mutations in CACNA1A, which encodes the pore-forming subunit of the neuronal voltage-gated calci
198 ther-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the rapidly activating delayed r
199 ther-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the rapidly activating delayed r
202 sing this system, we confirm that MCU is the pore-forming subunit, define the minimal genetic element
204 These channels consist of a primary alpha(1) pore-forming subunit, which is associated with an extrac
207 of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) is observed when pore-forming subunits coassemble with or without auxilia
209 Two mammalian genes, Kcnt1 and Kcnt2, encode pore-forming subunits of Na(+)-dependent K(+) (KNa) chan
210 ne (polyQ) within the C terminus (CT) of the pore-forming subunits of P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels (Cav2.
211 of evidence is consistent with these TMCs as pore-forming subunits of the long-sought hair-cell trans
214 I(Ks) channels are composed of KCNQ1 (Q1) pore-forming subunits that carry S4 voltage-sensor segme
215 tion channels with two non-equivalent tandem pore-forming subunits that dimerize to form quasi-tetram
216 IKs channels are comprised of four KCNQ1 pore-forming subunits, two KCNE1 accessory subunits, and
217 ding domain (LBD) is essential for gating by pore-forming subunits, whereas a conserved motif on the
222 crease in the level of the cation-selective, pore-forming TJ protein claudin-2 was observed after cel
224 the 4th domain of intermedilysin (rILYd4), a pore forming toxin secreted by Streptococcus intermedius
225 inetics for the well-characterized bacterial pore-forming toxin aerolysin in single cells in real tim
226 via bacterial N-formylated peptides and the pore-forming toxin alpha-haemolysin, through distinct me
232 ape the phagosome in host cells by using the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) and two phospho
234 We studied L. monocytogenes and its secreted pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) to identify key
235 or virulence factor of L. monocytogenes, the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO), is sufficient
238 ne and can be stimulated by the heterologous pore-forming toxin pneumolysin, suggesting that LLO acts
241 hylococcus aureus leukotoxin ED (LukED) is a pore-forming toxin required for the lethality associated
245 emolysin (VCC) is an amphipathic 65-kDa beta-pore-forming toxin with a C-terminal beta-prism lectin d
246 membrane, we engineered a natural SM-binding pore-forming toxin, equinatoxin II (Eqt), into a nontoxi
247 testinal pathogen Vibrio cholerae secretes a pore-forming toxin, V.cholerae cytolysin (VCC), which co
248 nd transgenic overexpression, we show that a pore-forming toxin-like (PFT) gene at Fhb1 confers FHB r
252 elongs to the aerolysin family of small beta-pore-forming toxins (beta-PFTs), some members of which a
257 the mechanisms of other important classes of pore-forming toxins and proteins across the kingdoms of
260 pid and evolutionarily conserved response to pore-forming toxins in the gut, involving cytoplasm ejec
263 sin AB and CB (HlgAB, HlgCB) are bicomponent pore-forming toxins present in almost all human S. aureu
264 n important class of such protein complexes, pore-forming toxins start their journey as soluble monom
266 rol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), a family of pore-forming toxins that form gigantic pores in cell mem
267 cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are pore-forming toxins that have been exclusively associate
268 senin is a member of the aerolysin family of pore-forming toxins that includes many representatives f
269 belong to a small family of potent cnidarian pore-forming toxins that includes two other C. fleckeri
271 I) is an archetypal example of alpha-helical pore-forming toxins that porate cellular membranes by th
272 peratures as measured by hypersensitivity to pore-forming toxins that target PS (papuamide A) or PE (
274 investigated the contribution of bicomponent pore-forming toxins to the ability of USA300 to withstan
275 venom of sea anemones, actinoporins are the pore-forming toxins whose toxic activity relies on the f
276 f epithelial cells to sublytic quantities of pore-forming toxins, and VLY-induced epithelial cell mem
277 lium-based drugs, cyclodextrin inhibitors of pore-forming toxins, anti-fungals that deal with biofilm
278 ata support the emerging paradigm shift that pore-forming toxins, including CDCs, have cellular recep
279 ow that NLRP3 activators including bacterial pore-forming toxins, nigericin, ATP, and particulate mat
280 ongated shape, which resembles those of beta-pore-forming toxins, such as Aerolysin, but is devoid of
281 e bacterial pathogens that secrete cytotoxic pore-forming toxins, such as Staphylococcus aureus and S
282 ng of pore formation by other aerolysin-like pore-forming toxins, which often represent crucial virul
288 egulatory and agonist-binding domains to the pore-forming trans-membrane domain (TMD), and validated
292 f antagonism, and complete structures of the pore-forming transmembrane domains of these receptors re
298 y measurements in order to investigate how a pore-forming, virucidal peptide destabilizes lipid vesic
299 determined not only by the properties of the pore-forming voltage-gated Na(+) channel (VGSC) alpha su
300 determined not only by the properties of the pore-forming voltage-gated Na+ channel (VGSC) alpha subu
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