ライフサイエンスコーパス: predation

1 s preventing both early germination and seed predation).

2 ainst the accompanying dangers of injury and predation.

3 ay expose subordinate individuals to risk of predation.

4 ed monetary tokens under a threat of virtual predation.

5 diverse flight behaviors, from courtship to predation.

6 abundance, spatial association to pests and predation.

7 vailability, and top-down processes, such as predation.

8 ovibrio which leaves prey-shaped ghosts upon predation.

9 sed to MeHg in the wild may be vulnerable to predation.

10 -related events and, subsequently, risk from predation.

11 t balance the need to consume food and avoid predation.

12 ce that can be impaired by information about predation.

13 areas and for individuals at higher risk of predation.

14 competition, trophic cascade, and intraguild predation.

15 mpirical relationships between seed size and predation.

16 d affect relationships between seed size and predation.

17 a spatial grid while under threat of virtual predation.

18 ffspring production in the absence of direct predation.

19 on can render an animal vulnerable to visual predation.

20 ntirely, due to the existence of concomitant predation.

21 he incubating parents may also affect clutch predation.

22 nd mate) while avoiding the ultimate cost of predation.

23 o 50%, depending on the pattern of selective predation.

24 future predictions of the overall impact of predation.

25 ense strategies to resist or evade protozoan predation.

26 equences for key ecosystem functions such as predation.

27 o consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predation.

28 h is exactly balanced by losses due to phage predation.

29 increases the susceptibility of plankton to predation.

30 esting genotype-specific response to fear of predation.

31 roportion to their fitness value and risk of predation.

32 ainst the accompanying dangers of injury and predation.

33 le information that is critical for avoiding predation [4,5], and failure to detect these calls [6,7]

34 d in cell motility(3), DNA transfer(4), host predation(5) and electron transfer(6).

35 eding in territories less exposed to goshawk predation, 99.5% of all breeding attempts reached the fl

36 cales, killing corals by sensitizing them to predation, above-average temperatures and bacterial oppo

37 perimental data, we predicted how intraguild predation, accommodating interspecific behavioural inter

38 predation can modulate the overall impact of predation, age-based population matrix models were used

39 n prey abundance, prey nutrient content, and predation among predators.

40 concerns for shell protective function under predation and changing environments.

41 form, driven by the interaction between bird predation and coal pollution.

42 in complex communities where they must avoid predation and compete for favorable niches.

43 a simplified fish community with structured predation and competition that causes alternative stable

44 Further, we show that predation and conspecific density modulate individual-le

45 e behaviors that myxobacteria use: motility, predation and development.

46 es high survivorship by limiting exposure to predation and environmental perturbation, allows for lar

47 avoidance behavior in humans is less tied to predation and foraging compared to rodents.

48 Stream conditions of low predation and harsh winters provide ecological justifica

49 sity populations, making them prone to viral predation and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) through tra

50 io result from the synergy of both bacterial predation and host immunity, but that in vivo predation

51 ed that living in groups helps animals avoid predation and locate resources, but maintaining a group

52 sea during or before the Cambrian, including predation and most of its variations, biomineralization,

53 t longer lag times (2-4 years) likely due to predation and other biotic pressures.

54 Predation and parasitism each reduced the abundance of t

55 However, in combination, predation and parasitism had non-additive effects on the

56 have indirect and trait-mediated effects on predation and parasitism, but these potential effects re

57 y adaptation that helps social groups resist predation and rally defenses.

58 Here, we investigated the effects of both predation and resource availability on guppy trophic nic

59 th being too thin (starvation) or too obese (predation and temperature dysregulation).

60 view relevant mechanisms of B. bacteriovorus predation and the physiological properties that would in

61 side of breeding groups due to high risks of predation and the poor success of breeding without helpe

62 acularius) can self-detach its tail to avoid predation and then regenerate a replacement.

63 800 kg) are largely immune to the effects of predation and this perception has been extended into the

64 ng detritivores will suffer mortality due to predation and transmit negative indirect effects to plan

65 elective pressures including heat, humidity, predation and UV irradiance(2-4).

66 In particular, biotic factors, such as predation and vegetation, including those resulting from

67 t into first-line bacterial defences against predation and ways in which phages circumvent them, and

68 notably from phytophagy to parasitoidism and predation (and vice versa) and from solitary to eusocial

69 rd substrates for bioerosion, (ii) increased predation, and (iii) higher energetic requirements for b

70 ater:air boundaries, attachment to surfaces, predation, and improved bioavailability of hydrophobic s

71 ke effects, instigating feeding, copulation, predation, and other motivated acts in otherwise sated o

72 he regulation of prey population dynamics by predation are limited, partly because available populati

73 ect ant density, implying limited intraguild predation between these taxa in this system.

74 standing of potential demographic costs from predation, both from responses to perceived risk and fro

75 Here, we show bacterial predation by Acinetobacter baylyi increases cross-specie

76 Predation by bacteriophages can significantly influence

77 We propose that predation by bacteriophages that use T4P as receptors se

78 mmune system working together with bacterial predation by Bdellovibrio.

79 The combined effects of exposure to OA and predation by C. rastoni caused greater shifts in communi

80 ceive they were most effective at mitigating predation by foxes and coyotes, moderately effective at

81 ism reduces L. decemlineata vulnerability to predation by improving larval nutritional condition and

82 The escalation hypothesis posits that predation by increasingly powerful and metabolically act

83 land mammals is most likely due primarily to predation by introduced species, particularly the feral

84 non-stick cell surface that helps them evade predation by mucous filter feeders.

85 owed the pheasants to (i) reduce the risk of predation by reducing exposure time whilst foraging and

86 reas (ii) burrowing detritivores will escape predation by retreating deeper into the soil, transmitti

87 the Northeast Pacific Ocean to quantify how predation by three species of pinnipeds and killer whale

88 Predation can affect both phenotypic variation and popul

89 Copepod predation can be seen as an ecological "catalyst" by inc

90 experimental evidence that proximate risk of predation can increase the intensity of social relations

91 Within host communities predation can influence pathogen transmission rates, pre

92 To determine whether selective predation can modulate the overall impact of predation,

93 provide the first full demonstration of how predation can trigger the evolution of parental care in

94 biotic interactions, such as competition and predation, can determine the degree to which microbes re

95 s have a greater susceptibility to cormorant predation compared to relatively shy, risk-averse indivi

96 g (no consumption of the kill) or intraguild predation (consumption of the kill), can potentially inf

97 redation and host immunity, but that in vivo predation contributes significantly to the survival outc

98 nerability in the wild, i.e. that there is a predation cost to boldness, which is critical for our un

99 karyotic groups in the system suggested that predation could be a disturbance to the bacterial microb

100 of the experimentation, including an initial predation-delay at the predator-prey-serum interface.

101 Paine's discovery of keystone predation demonstrated that the regulation of diversity

102 stage in territories more exposed to goshawk predation depended on the amount of resources an owl had

103 n the beetles: physical damage to hindwings, predation, desiccation, and cold shock.

104 hic links subject to colonization-extinction-predation dynamics by incorporating species dispersal wi

105 ork in human body fluids such as serum where predation dynamics may differ to that studied in laborat

106 tanding of species vertical distribution and predation-dynamics at-sea.

107 the statistical power of analyses to detect predation effects.

108 effects of space and information sharing on predation efficiency, represented by the expected rate a

109 associations of ants to pests and resulting predation events by combining mapping and molecular tool

110 ing predator-prey interactions and resulting predation events in agroecosystems.

111 However, explicitly linking predation events to individual behaviour under natural c

112 nt roosting site provided data on individual predation events.

113 lla undergo rounding induced by the invasive predation from Bdellovibrio in vivo.

114 rical increase and decline, while exposed to predation from black bears (Ursus americanus) and coyote

115 in egg survival on Orchid Island by reducing predation from egg-eating snakes (Oligodon formosanus);

116 arval dragonfly communities across a natural predation gradient we demonstrate that variation in the

117 d high phenotypic similarity with native low-predation guppies in as few as ~12 generations after gen

118 Fear of predation has been shown to affect prey fitness and beha

119 milate less epilithon than guppies from high predation (HP) sites.

120 ence was consistent and predictable to some (predation, hydrogen sulphide) but not all (density, food

121 Variation in the strength of intraguild predation (IGP) may be related to habitat structural com

122 e effects between predators [e.g. intraguild predation (IGP)].

123 energy budgets of consumers as well as acute predation impacts on prey.

124 nity is a strong predictor of uptake through predation in a simple food web consisting of the algae C

125 Our research shows differences between predation in buffer and serum and highlights both the po

126 The role of predation in determining the metacommunity assembly mode

127 The origins of predation in motile bilaterians in the Cambrian explosio

128 ying evolutionary and demographic effects of predation in natural environments is challenging.

129 terned model "caterpillars" exposed to avian predation in the field.

130 hic but limited evolutionary effects of bear predation in the two study populations.

131 suggesting prey community resilience against predation in these mesocosm ecosystems.

132 side the zebrafish larvae, indicating active predation in vivo.

133 ts associated with brown bear (Ursus arctos) predation in wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) po

134 ghly imbalanced groups, and that concomitant predation, in which a predator consumes a prey and its p

135 rse strategies to reduce the direct costs of predation, including cryptic coloration and behavior, ch

136 of five different patterns of age-selective predation, including the pattern actually observed in th

137 Predation-induced shifts in bacterial community composit

138 ity irrespective of dispersal, likely due to predation-induced stochastic extinction of different pre

139 Protist predation influenced 14 metabolic core functions includi

140 consecutive brood years with very different predation intensities across brood years.

141 higher in the brood year experiencing lower predation intensity.

142 Here we show predation is altered by deleting two Bdellovibrio N-acet

143 Predation is among the most important biotic factors inf

144 The ability to withstand viral predation is critical for survival of most microbes.

145 Specifically, mortality due to predation is often more intense on smaller individuals w

146 Phage predation is one of the key forces that shape genetic di

147 Notably, if predation is selective on categories of individuals that

148 Individuals most at risk of predation (large and bold individuals) showed the most e

149 We found that guppies from low predation (LP) sites had a consistently higher trophic p

150 To protect the fan from predation, many species have evolved unique compound eye

151 rospective survey, and rated the efficacy of predation mitigation strategies for foxes, dogs, coyotes

152 important evolutionary driver of escalating predation mode and efficiency, and commensurate response

153 till lack basic understanding on how protist predation modifies the taxonomic and functional composit

154 xity influence the function of an intraguild predation module consisting of two larval salamanders, i

155 the cumulative effect of reduced fishing and predation mortalities cascading through the food-web.

156 resents a considerable contribution to total predation mortality on this key fishery species.

157 responses to perceived risk and from direct predation mortality.

158 a complex life cycle that includes motility, predation, multicellular fruiting body development, and

159 of marine ecosystems, be it via competition, predation, mutualism or symbiosis processes.

160 To be effective B. bacteriovorus predation needs to work in human body fluids such as ser

161 tive and social patterns (e.g., competition, predation, niche partitioning, parasitism, and social ag

162 The risk of predation, not the risk of starvation, may be a key fact

163 ght how accounting for the type of selective predation occurring is likely to improve future predicti

164 pulation dynamics, and the susceptibility to predation of a mixotrophic protist through experiments a

165 g and lab experimentation to investigate the predation of an important carbapenem-resistant human pat

166 at Cu(I) is ultimately involved in protozoan predation of bacteria, supporting our hypothesis that pr

167 Model predictions suggested that predation of the asymptomatic hosts by fishes in the hos

168 demics of cholera reportedly collapse due to predation of the pathogen by phages.

169 Specifically, predation of the protist Paramecium bursaria by copepods

170 Moonlight may enable predation of zooplankton by carnivorous zooplankters, fi

171 across brood years with different levels of predation, often indicating stabilizing selection on rep

172 e ray abundance, which then caused increased predation on and subsequent collapse of commercial bival

173 The evolutionary pressure imposed by phage predation on bacteria and archaea has resulted in the de

174 bacterial community after five days protist predation on bacteria.

175 Stomach content analysis confirmed predation on cnidarians and gelatinous organisms.

176 "Save the Bay, Eat a Ray" fishery, to reduce predation on commercial bivalves.

177 However, the influence of predation on community resilience to outbreaks of genera

178 The role of predation on host community resilience to disease was as

179 Predation on juveniles can have a greater impact on mega

180 ion, little is known on impacts of protozoan predation on maintenance of copper resistance determinan

181 e generations, it may moderate the impact of predation on prey population dynamics.

182 structures [8, 9], little direct evidence of predation on these and other dinosaur megaherbivores has

183 , potentially due to their decreased risk to predation or lower reproductive value (i.e. the asset pr

184 the fossil record that is not attributed to predation or natural death.

185 als often vary defences in response to local predation or parasitism risk.

186 tree holes that are now used, presumably as predation or thermal refuge, by the herbivorous mangrove

187 s with microorganisms that protect them from predation, parasitism or pathogen infection.

188 y environmental stresses such as starvation, predation, parasitism, and competition.

189 Although ecological antagonisms such as predation, parasitism, competition, and abiotic environm

190 nsider 'true' predation risk (probability of predation per unit time); and (iii) use risk metrics tha

191 how fitness differences among high- and low-predation phenotypes may be generated, we measured the r

192 Predation plays a central role in the lives of most orga

193 including ectoparasitism, cleptoparasitism, predation, pollen feeding (bees [Anthophila] and Masarin

194 hly competitive environments, such as in low-predation populations of the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia

195 are countershaded or experience significant predation pressure as adults.

196 Presence of countershading suggests predation pressure strong enough to select for concealme

197 Predation pressure within the fish community was varied

198 with evidence of nutrient starvation, phage predation pressure, and increased extracellular polymeri

199 m gradient, including differences in piscine predation pressure, drove shared patterns of phenotypic

200 t terrestrial herbivores free of significant predation pressure, due to large size or isolation, do n

201 ine habitat that is often subject to intense predation pressure.

202 lation from human perturbation and sustained predation pressures.

203 nt time and created benefits such as reduced predation probability.

204 Relative expression of ten SDEGs involved in predation process was validated using quantitative real-

205 bably of little significance with regards to predation protection but has consequences in terms of en

206 emperature, and that the local abundance and predation rate of P. helianthoides on sea urchins will l

207 particularly for large marine predators, as predation rates are difficult to measure directly.

208 construct a bioenergetics model to quantify predation rates on key fisheries species in Norfolk Bay,

209 es where P. helianthoides were rare) reduced predation rates regardless of predator and prey sizes, a

210 offers an alternative approach to estimating predation rates, and can provide new insights into ecolo

211 er variants provide alternative estimates of predation rates.

212 than in non-grazed controls, suggesting that predation reduced the influence of strong competitors.

213 to predators and competitors, 2) density of predation refuges and 3) substrate-related food availabi

214 ta) inhabiting stream reaches with different predation regimes have rapidly evolved divergent life hi

215 thought to trigger a trophic cascade whereby predation release resulted in increased cownose ray abun

216 nisms by which the vertebrate brain controls predation remain largely unknown.

217 Generalist predation resulted in reduced alpha diversity and increa

218 join larger groups in response to perceived predation risk (i.e. fear of predation), the importance

219 rizing risk; (ii) explicitly consider 'true' predation risk (probability of predation per unit time);

220 In ocean ecosystems, many of the changes in predation risk - both increases and decreases - are huma

221 While predation risk accounts for most of the total effect of

222 y help explain their behavioural response to predation risk and the nature of indirect effect they tr

223 weather conditions can differentially affect predation risk between black bears and coyotes with spec

224 -venomous species benefit from reductions in predation risk by mimicking the coloration, body shape,

225 Global warming and predation risk can have important impacts on animal phys

226 aining higher quality forage and/or reducing predation risk compared to non-migratory conspecifics.

227 smaller individuals showed muted response to predation risk compared to their larger counterparts, po

228 Variation in nest predation risk could explain differences between tempera

229 al animals and the individual group member's predation risk during an attack.

230 The nature of predation risk effects is often context dependent, but i

231 The predation risk experiment also showed that the number of

232 into the consequences of global warming and predation risk for the physiology and life-history trait

233 eir lake of origin, thereby exposing them to predation risk from avian apex predators (cormorants, Ph

234 (i.e. fear of predation), the importance of predation risk in driving the formation and stability of

235 results show that diel-seasonal foraging and predation risk in freshwater pelagic ecosystems changes

236 We showed that mothers experiencing predation risk increase production of unviable trophic e

237 Foraging-associated predation risk is a natural problem all prey must face.

238 curring variation in cues indicating food or predation risk is highly useful for efficient decision-m

239 ntally induced changes in resource levels or predation risk may thus have downstream ecological conse

240 Behavioural responses to reduce predation risk might cause demographic 'costs of fear'.

241 ly for different species of herbivores, with predation risk more strongly suppressing herbivore feedi

242 parturition have a greater influence on the predation risk of neonates during population declines, w

243 ibou, nutritional stress appears to increase predation risk on neonates, an interaction which is exac

244 arate and interactive effects of warming and predation risk on the body composition of Daphnia magna.

245 e lack a consistent mechanism to explain why predation risk should vary in this manner.

246 ects of different countershading patterns on predation risk strongly supports the comparative evidenc

247 estigated how reef complexity interacts with predation risk to affect the foraging behaviour and herb

248 e used natural and experimental variation in predation risk to test phenotypic responses and associat

249 y, birds are likely to suffer from increased predation risk under noise, with likely effects on their

250 rature suggest that researchers characterize predation risk using a variety of techniques.

251 Aphid dispersal in response to predation risk was greater on low compared to high resis

252 When perceived predation risk was high, individuals developed stable an

253 These growth tactics are favored by predation risk, both in and after leaving the nest, and

254 r bodies (few mm depth) benefit from reduced predation risk, but by manipulating water levels, we sho

255 amics via changes in resource competition or predation risk, but this influence may be modulated by d

256 edators, we hypothesised that in response to predation risk, parents improve larval nutritional condi

257 ize, can be set by resource availability and predation risk.

258 trophic cascades via direct consumption and predation risk.

259 in groups, both behaviours that would reduce predation risk.

260 n in sexually competing males and related to predation risk.

261 storage capacity, in myriad ways by altering predation risk.

262 educed competition for embedded prey and low predation risk.

263 fuge, thus suffering a potentially increased predation risk.

264 distinct in an island population with lower predation risk.

265 aracterizing the spatiotemporal variation in predation risk.

266 xperiment with model caterpillars to measure predation risk.

267 lure to consider dynamic temporal changes in predation risk.

268 ater access to resources while paying higher predation-risk costs.

269 The respective predation risks, we termed Fear Factors, were either let

270 nteractions such as resource competition and predation set upper limits to global diversity, which, i

271 Breathing air increases the threat of predation, so some species perform group air-breathing,

272 Descendants of guppies from a high-predation source site showed high phenotypic similarity

273 display sophisticated behaviors relating to predation, spatial memory, and visual recognition compar

274 food source, B. bronchiseptica evades amoeba predation, survives within the amoeba for extended perio

275 to act on anti-predator responses to fear of predation that may ramify and influence higher trophic l

276 s and initiated symbiont-symbiont intraguild predation that reduced the abundance and altered the beh

277 se to perceived predation risk (i.e. fear of predation), the importance of predation risk in driving

278 Predation theory and empirical evidence suggest that top

279 varying the social environment and simulated predation threat in a two-by-two factorial long-term exp

280 We experimentally tested how predation threat influenced fine-scale social network st

281 Under predation threat, narwhal movement patterns were more li

282 their behaviours in risky areas to minimise predation threat.

283 in-limited diets while living under constant predation threat.

284 ior to a transition from camouflaged, ambush predation to a floral simulation strategy, gaining acces

285 Exclusive emphasis on serial predation to guide risk identification, judicial respons

286 The potential of predation to structure marine food webs is widely acknow

287 uator, with a parallel pattern of increasing predation toward lower elevations.

288 spanning six continents, we found increasing predation toward the equator, with a parallel pattern of

289 f fish, dottybacks increase their success of predation upon juvenile fish prey and are therefore able

290 rinsic conditions (e.g. food availability or predation) varies according to its intrinsic attributes

291 econcile the conflicting demands of avoiding predation vs. foraging within a reefscape context.

292 In contrast, growth was lowest and predation vulnerability highest when exposure to low pH

293 irect evidence of behavioural type-dependent predation vulnerability in the wild, i.e. that there is

294 environmental mosaics mediate the growth and predation vulnerability of a critical foundation species

295 We find growth was highest and predation vulnerability was lowest in dynamic environmen

296 tors reduce macroparasite infections, but IG predation weakens this "dilution effect" and can even am

297 Levels of seed predation were far better explained by incorporating see

298 and microbial hosts demonstrate active viral predation, which may contribute to the release of labile

299 transferases, probably as deterrence against predation, while it achieves neurotoxin resistance throu

300 anges lead to differential susceptibility to predation, with direct consequences for predator-prey dy

301 rsification suggest low competition and high predation within communities.