ライフサイエンスコーパス: predator

1 ore complex three-species system (virus-host-predator).

2 ecreases those of both basal species and top predator.

3 ated by an imminent collision or approaching predator.

4 stronger cue for flight than a slowly moving predator.

5 ne ecosystems, affecting a wide range of top predators.

6 in their skin as a defense mechanism against predators.

7 aiding pathogenicity and protecting against predators.

8 rms only provide moderate protection against predators.

9 e algae, resulting from protection of urchin predators.

10 h gastropod Tritonia striata, from potential predators.

11 s, other nematodes, and nematophagous fungal predators.

12 the future thermal response of large marine predators.

13 dators to localize prey and by prey to avoid predators.

14 , prey nutrient content, and predation among predators.

15 social signalling networks to avoid similar predators.

16 sive heat tolerance to avoid competitors and predators.

17 t as key adaptations to protect animals from predators [1].

18 Cretaceous) have been characterized as apex predators [2-5], whereas members of the distantly relate

19 oming visual stimulus, mimicking a potential predator [8].

20 For predators able to eat only a few species (i.e., speciali

21 ng lunar effects on foraging have focused on predator activity at-sea, with some birds and marine mam

22 a in marine environments rarely consider how predators affect the behavior of tracked animals.

23 The predator also enhanced spatial signal in the prey commun

24 etect and distinguish between an approaching predator and a putative prey.

25 used in the coevolutionary arms race between predator and potential prey.

26 ng them to surfaces and defects where mobile predator and prey density is now dramatically enhanced.

27 Predator and prey populations diversify rapidly leading

28 Because both predator and prey shift their distributions in response

29 rare) reduced predation rates regardless of predator and prey sizes, although larger sea urchins wer

30 agnitudes of these effects are contingent on predator and prey traits that may change with environmen

31 no acids, we illuminate dynamic changes that predator and prey walls go through during the different

32 y the microwave mode of the resonator is the predator and the spin polarization in the triplet state

33 virus coevolution facilitated coexistence of predator and virus, and where coexistence, in return, lo

34 cs of habitat quality: 1) visual exposure to predators and competitors, 2) density of predation refug

35 Fin spines serve as a major deterrent to predators and enhance the locomotor function of fins.

36 in driving functional complementarity among predators and enhanced top-down control.

37 um carbonate, which provides protection from predators and extreme environmental conditions.

38 tive abundances of herbivores, bacterivores, predators and fungivores were stable, while those of omn

39 etween exploration/foraging and avoidance of predators and is thus fundamentally important in adaptat

40 n, partly because evolution of resistance to predators and parasitoids is prevented by several factor

41 pact on on-target organisms in the guilds or predators and parasitoids.

42 uousness, thus helping to avoid detection by predators and prey [1, 2, 4, 5].

43 Predators and prey co-evolve, each maximizing their own

44 s between rebounding predators or endangered predators and prey.

45 predictor of body size among modern drilling predators and that drill-hole size (and thus inferred pr

46 the specific ecological needs to detect food/predators and the structural complexity of the environme

47 typic variation increases connectivity among predators and their prey as well as total food intake ra

48 bility to assess and monitor elusive oceanic predators, and lead to improved conservation strategies.

49 As parasitoids, predators, and pollinators, Hymenoptera play a fundament

50 sion to detect objects such as conspecifics, predators, and prey.

51 a visual projection neuron type that conveys predator approach information to the Drosophila giant fi

52 ynamics of a long-lived, wide-ranging marine predator are associated with changes in the rate of ocea

53 Invasive vertebrate predators are directly responsible for the extinction or

54 Top marine predators are expected to experience a particularly stro

55 Mass-reared predators are fed with factitious prey mites such as Tyr

56 uppressed, due to herbivory by urchins whose predators are fished.

57 Two new papers show that predators are not harmful and can kill pathogens inside

58 However, while many roving predators are present or potentially more abundant in de

59 Our findings reveal that nocturnal predators are probably more specialized than previously

60 dicate the consumptive effects of large reef predators are too diffuse to elicit trophic cascades.

61 often unclear, particularly for large marine predators, as predation rates are difficult to measure d

62 The effects of predator assemblages on herbivores are predicted to depe

63 by predator), or non-lethal (non-consumptive predator-associated cues: plant-tethered predator cadave

64 bout the underlying genetics of responses to predator-associated risk.

65 the population size and density of a key top predator at Palmyra atoll, the same location that inspir

66 essment on the most mobile and most abundant predator at Palmyra, the grey reef shark (Carcharhinus a

67 s with the distribution and abundance of top predators at large spatial scales and among different ec

68 ngs were faster in responding to a potential predator attack than control chicks.

69 s, less aggressive, bolder after a simulated predator attack, and they spent more time exploring new

70 but not MBOA-Glc, to produce toxic MBOA upon predator attack.

71 d chemical defenses in response to simulated predator attacks and consistently maintained elevated TT

72 g the temporal trade-off between feeding and predator avoidance, especially when environmental driver

73 uding feeding, reproduction, orientation and predator avoidance, which are likely negatively affected

74 e decision-making, foraging performance, and predator avoidance.

75 behaviors relevant to their ecology such as predator avoidance.

76 cology from foraging to habitat selection to predator avoidance.

77 flocking behaviors-which, ironically, can be predator-avoidance adaptations; patchy environments; hab

78 advance between trophic levels may result in predators becoming mismatched with prey availability, re

79 Our findings have implications for anti-predator behavior, as many predator-prey interaction mod

80 reasing task efficiency in foraging and anti-predator behaviors [1-4].

81 es and negative effects for urchins as their predators benefited from protection.

82 c pyramids, with disproportionally large top predator biomass.

83 y a community of invertebrate and vertebrate predators both in the wild and during staged trials.

84 roduced range B. chinensis remains a termite predator but also feeds on other consumer invertebrates

85 ctors often drive population declines in top predators, but how their influences may combine remains

86 ng attack is to strongly deter potential eel predators by briefly causing intense pain.

87 ive predator-associated cues: plant-tethered predator cadavers and homogenised shoot-sprayed or soil-

88 Here, we study this process using the predator Caenorhabditis elegans and the bacterial prey S

89 Predators can limit prey abundance and/or levels of acti

90 As a result, most reptilian predators can only consume bones in their entirety.

91 Here, we provide evidence that such predators can produce non-consumptive (fear) effects tha

92 Our results indicate that predators can strongly influence prey species sorting an

93 Top predators can suppress mesopredators by killing them, co

94 gn with the presence/absence of the cubozoan predator Carybdea rastoni.

95 s HGT by orders of magnitude, and we observe predator cells functionally acquiring adaptive resistanc

96 ve and cheap initially, but gets costly when predators coevolve.

97 Predators coevolved alongside prey bacteria and so encod

98 ors of the strength of top-down control from predator communities.

99 ys between 0-100 m found considerable roving predator community dissimilarities between regions, mark

100 We suggest that protection against predators conferred by their high toxicity might help to

101 webs: (i) trophic level should increase with predator connectivity, and (ii) interaction strengths sh

102 area may help the discrimination of objects (predators, conspecifics) in the lateral and posterior vi

103 , and that concomitant predation, in which a predator consumes a prey and its parasites, but not the

104 osing them to predation risk from avian apex predators (cormorants, Phalacrocorax carbo).

105 oth in the presence and absence of olfactory predator cues (Carcinus maenas, common shore crab).

106 The way the predator cues modulated the pesticide effects strongly d

107 der artificial light at night when olfactory predator cues were present, indicating an opportunistic

108 N:P, while its effects on C:N (decrease with predator cues) and C:P (increase without predator cues)

109 ith predator cues) and C:P (increase without predator cues) strongly depended upon the presence of th

110 her this pathway depended on the presence of predator cues.

111 g/L carbaryl and also in tadpoles exposed to predator cues.

112 abundances of all trophic groups, aside from predators, decreased with degradation.

113 st predators, even the qualitative nature of predator dependence can be prey-specific.

114 for logistical reasons, ratio dependence and predator dependence more generally have seen infrequent

115 Our study provides strong evidence for predator dependence that is poorly described by the rati

116 Predators do not replicate outside pathogens and thus ex

117 However, other fish predators (e.g., piscivorous birds and mammals) may accu

118 insect herbivores inform theory on multiple predator effects as well as biological control of insect

119 g Bdellovibrio invasion, and a zonal mode of predator elongation.

120 Here we compared genes from arthropod predators encoding insect specific sodium, potassium and

121 dents, a behavior that varies inversely with predator evasion ability.

122 se of quadrupedal rodents, likely increasing predator evasion ability.

123 Predator evasion, a behavior that enhances fitness, may

124 , they were similarly effective at deterring predators - even mildly defended mimics were rarely eate

125 It also indicates how, for generalist predators, even the qualitative nature of predator depen

126 ontend that trophic cascades induced by apex predator extirpation may be an overlooked driver of shru

127 ance is a recurring evolutionary response by predators feeding on toxic prey.

128 Mercury (Hg) concentration trends in top predator fish (lake trout and walleye) of the Great Lake

129 bundant and several birds lost their eggs to predators following UAV flights.

130 The targeted search problem by the predator for its prey in three dimensions is a difficult

131 alists have dealt with livestock losses from predators for millennia, yet effective mitigation strate

132 on and strong top-down control by their main predators (grey seals and saithe).

133 ultivated) environments, and parasitoids and predators had equally strong top-down effects on insect

134 Second and of more general importance, predators have the potential to strongly affect movement

135 ies across fields) of arthropod pollinators, predators, herbivores, and detritivores.

136 Daspletosaurus was an important apex predator in the late Campanian dinosaur faunas of Larami

137 compression focused primarily on the role of predators in driving colonization patterns.

138 Here, we investigated the potential role of predators in enhancing or disrupting sorting and spatial

139 is are highly migratory, upper trophic level predators in North Pacific ecosystems.

140 ed by warming, expanding their importance as predators in this system.

141 tex (Dentex dentex), a Mediterranean coastal predator, in relation to the oscillations of the seasona

142 ch in turn are suitably sized food items for predators including commercially important fish and grea

143 As the size of top predators increased (from invertebrates to fish) habitat

144 Whereas fishing effects on predators indirectly altered plankton abundance, bottom-

145 Although predators influence behavior of prey, analyses of electr

146 ndings contextualize the debate over whether predators influence coral reef structure and function an

147 ed ecosystems, yet the degree to which large predators influence the ecology of coral reefs remains a

148 Apex predators initiate trophic cascades which can influence

149 n vary for different tasks (e.g. foraging or predator inspection/avoidance).

150 pecific interference (facilitation) rates of predators interacting with arbitrary numbers of prey and

151 Extirpation of apex predators is linked inextricably to pastoralism, but has

152 hic conditions and indicates that marine top predators may be more sensitive to the rate of ocean war

153 ays: we include beyond-optimal temperatures, predators may have a type III functional response, and p

154 In gulls, fast and coordinated reactions to predators may increase the chances of survival of the wh

155 extreme climatic events, resident marine top predators may not only have to contend with increasing c

156 Studies of predator-mediated selection on behaviour are critical fo

157 In predator-prey interactions, for example, predators might increase capture success because of spec

158 y, our results suggest that group hunting in predators might provide more suitable conditions for the

159 of mesopredators will be strongest where top predators occur at high densities over large areas.

160 gulated by early life stress associated with predator odor exposure (POE) within the developing rat a

161 lutina, is an invasive, globally-distributed predator of European honey bees and other insects.

162 ative to South-East Asia, and is a voracious predator of pollinating insects including honey bees.

163 ia helianthoides is known to be an important predator of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus pur

164 pseudoannulata) is one of the most dominant predators of BPH in rice fields.

165 and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus are obligate predators of Gram-negative bacteria, and have been propo

166 Biological control using predators of key pest species is an attractive option in

167 brochosomes as a camouflage coating against predators of leafhoppers or their eggs.

168 their iconic representation as gigantic apex predators of Mesozoic marine ecosystems suggests.

169 am-negative proteobacteria that are obligate predators of other Gram-negative bacteria and are consid

170 owers and leaves, enabling attraction of the predators of pests during the day and pollinators at nig

171 cephalopod; these were most likely, the top predators of the Ordovician.

172 rmy ants are ecologically dominant arthropod predators of the world's tropics, with large nomadic col

173 ify the potential efficiency of spiders as a predator on E. vitis.

174 ated how OA affects the impact of a cubozoan predator on their zooplankton prey, predominantly Copepo

175 nd Australia we show that the effects of top predators on mesopredators increase from the margin towa

176 ly Heliconius numata Positive FDS imposed by predators on mimetic signals favors the fixation of the

177 ned a priori from the range extent of either predator or prey alone.

178 sider potential conflicts between rebounding predators or endangered predators and prey.

179 a wide spectrum of reasons, such as evading predators or optimizing food prospection.

180 links not included in the webs (e.g. shared predators) or non-trophically (e.g. through changes in h

181 Factors, were either lethal (consumption by predator), or non-lethal (non-consumptive predator-assoc

182 iliated protozoan (Paramecium caudatum) as a predator organism to determine the impact of cadmium tel

183 mg/L; biomagnification factor = 1.4) to its predator, paramecium.

184 rturbations such as climate, severe winters, predators, parasites, or the combined effect of multiple

185 syttalia concolor) and two from the guild of predators (Pardosa spider species and the rove beetle Al

186 nication, attracting prey and in hiding from predators, particularly for fishes of the deep ocean.

187 Many marine mammal predators, particularly pinnipeds, have increased in abu

188 redator interactions and the extent to which predators partition prey resources.

189 Predators persist in a U-shaped region in resource suppl

190 Dragonflies are superb aerial predators, plucking tiny insect prey from the sky.

191 rge-scale variability on resident marine top predator populations.

192 n the combined presence of OA and a cubozoan predator, populations of the most abundant member of the

193 which birds and ants engage in antagonistic predator-predator interactions and the consequences of h

194 ivores are predicted to depend critically on predator-predator interactions and the extent to which p

195 As long-lived apex predators, predatory birds represent a sentinel species

196 ts marine ecosystems and distribution of top predator prey.

197 signals tell the animal in which direction a predator, prey, or the animal itself is moving.

198 emically defended animals and coevolutionary predator-prey and mimic-model relationships.

199 To study the molecular basis for predator-prey coevolution, we investigated how Caenorhab

200 ing a significant dichotomy between Mesozoic predator-prey dynamics and those of modern terrestrial s

201 Predator-prey dynamics are an important evolutionary dri

202 Modern predator-prey dynamics may not be directly applicable to

203 etically explore consequences of warming for predator-prey dynamics, broadening previous approaches i

204 y to predation, with direct consequences for predator-prey dynamics.

205 nd the onset of rapid cycling in the chaotic predator-prey dynamics.

206 d widespread sharing of gut bacteria between predator-prey host-species pairs, indicating horizontal

207 prey switching behavior attenuated an iconic predator-prey interaction and likely altered the many ec

208 d the influence of water temperature on this predator-prey interaction by: (i) assessing the spatial

209 ications for anti-predator behavior, as many predator-prey interaction models assume that the sensory

210 We probe the effects of behavioral IIV on predator-prey interaction outcomes in beach-dwelling jum

211 e assess how variation in traits controlling predator-prey interactions (e.g., body size) affects foo

212 hytoplankton biomass are governed by complex predator-prey interactions and physically driven variati

213 etermine the role of land use in influencing predator-prey interactions and resulting predation event

214 periments highlight the contingent nature of predator-prey interactions and suggest that non-consumpt

215 Predator-prey interactions are complex and can be altere

216 face properties in biological filtration and predator-prey interactions in aquatic systems.

217 on how the lunar cycle might actually affect predator-prey interactions in the upper layers of the oc

218 Thus, quantifying rapid predator-prey interactions in the wild will propel our u

219 Predator-prey interactions may be strongly influenced by

220 Feeding strategies and predator-prey interactions of many deep-sea pelagic orga

221 mizing their own fitness, but the effects of predator-prey interactions on cellular and molecular mac

222 ons, the net impact of warming or cooling on predator-prey interactions was not determined a priori f

223 of plants, a more detailed understanding of predator-prey interactions, changes in microbial composi

224 In predator-prey interactions, for example, predators might

225 change have the potential to alter important predator-prey interactions, in part by altering the loca

226 ide a 500-million-year record of individual predator-prey interactions.

227 nsidered alongside personality in studies of predator-prey interactions.

228 Here, we describe a predator-prey model in which the prey population growth

229 of guiding both approach and avoidance in a predator-prey predicted manner across taxonomically dist

230 ng both approach and avoidance behavior in a predator-prey predicted manner.

231 ential of our experimental approach to study predator-prey relationships in taxa that do not lend the

232 We hypothesize that increasing predator-prey size ratios reflect increases in prey abun

233 se trends indicate a directional increase in predator-prey size ratios.

234 We test this hypothesis in a microbial predator-prey system and show that the bacterial growth-

235 ions, derived from the Lotka-Volterra model (Predator-Prey), where by the microwave mode of the reson

236 including an initial predation-delay at the predator-prey-serum interface.

237 Continuing global contraction of top predator ranges could promote further release of mesopre

238 occur in the core than on the margins of top predator ranges.

239 cts on mesopredators towards the edge of top predators' ranges.

240 From an ecological perspective, a predator rapidly approaching its prey is a stronger cue

241 ised shoot-sprayed or soil-infused blends of predator remains).

242 Quantifying how Antarctic predators respond to such changes provides the context f

243 nutritional condition and expression of anti-predator responses by promoting intraclutch cannibalism.

244 when prey are in poor condition, their anti-predator responses should be weak.

245 This allows selection to act on anti-predator responses to fear of predation that may ramify

246 nutritional condition and expression of anti-predator responses.

247 lizard species, and estimated competitor and predator richness at the localities where diet data were

248 iche breadth was unrelated to competitor and predator richness, on both islands and the mainland.

249 y encode the level of threat conveyed by the predator's approach rate to select the most appropriate

250 Predator scent stress abolishes the release of endogenou

251 ppocampus alleviates anxiety symptoms in the predator scent stress model of stress-induced anxiety.

252 ampal synaptic plasticity and is impaired by predator scent stress, our results provide a novel mecha

253 Ranchers also reported that avian predators seem to be the most challenging predator type.

254 Large-bodied coral reef roving predators (sharks, jacks, snappers) are largely consider

255 Therefore, whenever possible, predators should be explicitly included as separate expl

256 and that drill-hole size (and thus inferred predator size and power) rose substantially from the Ord

257 We found that the predator slowed host-virus coevolution in the complex sy

258 sing an important pest species to two spider predator species at different temperatures.

259 teracting with arbitrary numbers of prey and predator species in the field.

260 strate that variation in the identity of top predator species is associated with systematic differenc

261 er reported efficacy of mitigation varied by predator species, mitigation strategy, and lethality of

262 estimate the prey-specific attack rates and predator-specific interference (facilitation) rates of p

263 s in two taxonomically distant blood-seeking predators, Stable fly and Wolf, while evoking avoidance

264 r, some of the most extreme examples of anti-predator structures [8, 9], little direct evidence of pr

265 h may be a more effective response to ambush predators such as nymphal praying mantids [7].

266 or whiting, in parallel with declines of its predators such as seals and cod, resulted in a strong in

267 translates via a bottom-up mechanism to top predators suggesting that the warming climate, at least

268 ted the strongest effects on pollinators and predators, suggesting these management schemes can facil

269 Faster individuals are more likely to escape predators, surviving to produce more offspring.

270 acteriovorus is a small deltaproteobacterial predator that has evolved to invade, reseal, kill, and d

271 we found that it was the distribution of the predator that most strongly predicted the composition of

272 Sharks are charismatic predators that play a key role in most marine food webs.

273 Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are apex predators that primarily consume benthic and pelagic-fee

274 d whether breeding phenology of a generalist predator, the American kestrel (Falco sparverius), was a

275 raphic and ecological data for a marine apex predator, the broadnose sevengill shark Notorynchus cepe

276 tirpation of Australia's largest terrestrial predator, the dingo (Canis dingo), could be a driver of

277 We explored how a predator, the Kodiak brown bear (Ursus arctos middendorf

278 tocoral Maasella edwardsi and its specialist predator, the nudibranch gastropod Tritonia striata, fro

279 ct the foraging behaviour of a top Antarctic predator, the southern elephant seal.

280 espite this, when held in in situ cages with predators, those larvae that previously favored their le

281 s to climate forcing by a poleward migratory predator through varying sea ice property and dynamic an

282 nts because Na bioaccumulates from plants to predators; thus, heterotrophs are Na-rich sources.

283 ions is a difficult problem: it requires the predator to sensitively detect prey and forecast its mob

284 evidence linking the suppression of an apex predator to the historic encroachment of shrubs.

285 unpredictability that makes it difficult for predators to anticipate or learn the prey's likely respo

286 Chemosignals are used by predators to localize prey and by prey to avoid predator

287 We also show that variation sets predator trophic level by determining interaction streng

288 ith the Ensemble Kalman filter to fuse a two-predator-two-prey model with abundance data from a 2600+

289 an predators seem to be the most challenging predator type.

290 Negative frequency-dependent selection by predators using search images ('apostatic selection') is

291 cally consist of multiple species that deter predators using similar anti-predatory signals.

292 ther the basal and foraging activity of this predator was affected by exposure to night-time lighting

293 early biomass estimates of highly mobile top predators, we focused our reassessment on the most mobil

294 beetles and stinkbug (Podisus maculiventris) predators, we hypothesised that in response to predation

295 ess of murres, except at a site where aerial predators were abundant and several birds lost their egg

296 al evaluation and then only so in specialist predators, which are rare in nature.

297 , climate change may alter the importance of predators with repercussions for ecosystem functioning a

298 red two-species systems (virus-host and prey-predator) with a more complex three-species system (viru

299 nfluence the dominant energy pathways of top predators, with implications ranging from individual fit

300 itude and elevation were driven by arthropod predators, with no systematic trend in attack rates by b