ライフサイエンスコーパス: prematurity

1 ronchopulmonary dysplasia, or retinopathy of prematurity).

2 tive retinopathies, including retinopathy of prematurity.

3 isease, and stage 3 or higher retinopathy of prematurity.

4 mediate delivery is associated with risks of prematurity.

5 ere complicated by severe polyhydramnios and prematurity.

6 sion positively correlated with the level of prematurity.

7 or language delay, and severe retinopathy of prematurity.

8 r leukomalacia, and/or severe retinopathy of prematurity.

9 ing enterocolitis, and severe retinopathy of prematurity.

10 sociated with significantly elevated odds of prematurity.

11 associated with infertility, miscarriage and prematurity.

12 at is representative of human retinopathy of prematurity.

13 nes, retinal detachments, and retinopathy of prematurity.

14 nal age, suffer the greatest consequences of prematurity.

15 ams in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity.

16 ring them for a life free of the sequelae of prematurity.

17 ure in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity.

18 ytomegalovirus retinitis, and retinopathy of prematurity.

19 inal images from infants with retinopathy of prematurity.

20 ventricular leucomalacia, and retinopathy of prematurity.

21 tis a potentially modifiable risk factor for prematurity.

22 , retinal vein occlusion, and retinopathy of prematurity.

23 cy may be associated with increased risk for prematurity.

24 ions on brain injury attributable to extreme prematurity.

25 irological status and known risk factors for prematurity.

26 neovascularization (IVNV) in retinopathy of prematurity.

27 its activity to treat IVNV in retinopathy of prematurity.

28 atal infections, and chronic lung disease of prematurity.

29 risks of ongoing pregnancy outweigh those of prematurity.

30 es such as low birth weight, stillbirth, and prematurity.

31 onic lung disease, and severe retinopathy of prematurity.

32 adult cognitive impairments associated with prematurity.

33 t and/or treat asthma development related to prematurity.

34 ng enterocolitis, a severe illness linked to prematurity.

35 r a high proportion of long-term sequelae of prematurity.

36 uration had a reduced rate of retinopathy of prematurity (10.6% vs. 13.5%; relative risk, 0.79; 95% C

37 than a 2-year interval had higher risks for prematurity (11.8% vs 17.2%; RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.00-2.19

38 c ocular injury (15 [22.1%]), retinopathy of prematurity (12 [17.6%]), and endophthalmitis (6 [8.8%])

39 n (24%), diabetes mellitus (22%), and severe prematurity (21%).

40 ble odds ratio [OR] 4.62, 95% CI 2.82-7.55), prematurity (4.33, 2.47-7.58), sickle cell disease (3.46

41 Retinopathy of prematurity adversely affects premature infants because

42 the polymorphism could influence the risk of prematurity among human fetuses of mothers colonized wit

43 hemorrhage (IVH) is a major complication of prematurity and a large number of survivors with IVH dev

44 utations caused X-linked polyhydramnios with prematurity and a severe but transient form of antenatal

45 onsiveness in PNPO deficiency is affected by prematurity and age at the time of the therapeutic trial

46 esults, we showed that, when controlling for prematurity and analgesics, supportive experiences (e.g.

47 there was no significant association between prematurity and asthma in nonatopic children.

48 children share a disproportionate burden of prematurity and asthma in the United States.

49 there was a significant interaction between prematurity and atopy on asthma (P = .006).

50 Secondary outcomes included retinopathy of prematurity and brain injury.

51 Infants with a history of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia have a high r

52 RSV LRTI, almost exclusively associated with prematurity and cardiopulmonary diseases in industrializ

53 Little is known about prematurity and childhood asthma in Puerto Rican subject

54 emic retinopathies, including retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy, are major causes o

55 e tissue revascularization in retinopathy of prematurity and in diabetic patients.

56 s show an association between retinopathy of prematurity and later retinal detachment.

57 are at risk of developing encephalopathy of prematurity and long-term neurodevelopmental delay.

58 Odds of stillbirth, prematurity and low birth weight, frequency and length o

59 anomalies cryptorchidism and hypospadias are prematurity and low birth weight.

60 In developing countries, the risk of prematurity and low birthweight doubles when conception

61 echnique that is sensitive to the effects of prematurity and may provide a quantitative marker for ne

62 l health challenges strongly associated with prematurity and reduced fetal growth, an issue of furthe

63 5 years of age and to evaluate the impact of prematurity and ROP.

64 in certain demographics and associated with prematurity and severe disease at birth.

65 the best quartile for severe retinopathy of prematurity and severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and

66 Maternal asthma was associated with prematurity and small for gestational age.

67 Surgery for retinopathy of prematurity and surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis or

68 hool age was similar in survivors of extreme prematurity and term-born children.

69 or diagnosis and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity and to provide interpretation and perspectiv

70 ut to distinguish between confounders (e.g., prematurity) and mediators (e.g., use of pacifier).

71 ttle of how brain maturation at birth (i.e., prematurity) and quality of early-life experiences (e.g.

72 ffer the greatest morbidity and mortality of prematurity, and are poised to benefit from a paradigm s

73 ors for severe hMPV disease were female sex, prematurity, and genotype B infection.

74 Every year, 1.1 million babies die from prematurity, and many survivors are disabled.

75 ronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity, and may form a bridge between two currently

76 1%) including cardiomyopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and neonatal thyroid diseases.

77 nal venous occlusive disease, retinopathy of prematurity, and optical aberrations including ametropia

78 ng enterocolitis, aspiration, retinopathy of prematurity, and perinatal mortality.

79 a, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, and severe intraventricular hemorrhage.

80 in quality of life, psychological distress, prematurity, and small-for-gestational-age, also were co

81 olitis, or stage 3 or greater retinopathy of prematurity; and severe neonatal brain injury, defined a

82 95% CI, 0.63-1.01), or severe retinopathy of prematurity (AOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.56-1.10).

83 -2.21), and stage 3 or higher retinopathy of prematurity (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06-1.32).

84 95% CI, 0.78-2.39) or severe retinopathy of prematurity (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 0.85-3.06).

85 vel, sex, village of birth, season of birth, prematurity, Apgar score and nutritional status.

86 The 2 hallmarks of brain pathologies of prematurity are a restricted gestational window of vulne

87 Low birth weight and prematurity are amongst the strongest predictors of neon

88 Birth weight and prematurity are important obstetric outcomes linked to l

89 We identified prematurity as a new strong risk factor for influenza-re

90 pathologic features in severe retinopathy of prematurity as it manifests in the era of oxygen regulat

91 ncy, perinatal infections and retinopathy of prematurity as well as specialist pediatric eye care fac

92 us 55.4+/-11.4 g/m(2); P<0.001) with greater prematurity associated with greater mass (r = -0.22, P=0

93 lytical framework to show that the degree of prematurity at birth determines the extent to which brai

94 cutive premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity at the Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, England,

95 value of HIF PHDi to prevent retinopathy of prematurity because it reduces oxygen-induced vascular o

96 eflect biases from restricting the cohort to prematurity, because prematurity is an outcome of preecl

97 < 0.05, corrected), independent of degree of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and postnatal se

98 ng necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and intraventri

99 d a case of a baby without history of ROP or prematurity (Case 4).

100 en's Hospital of Philadelphia Retinopathy of Prematurity (CHOP ROP) model uses birth weight (BW), ges

101 en's Hospital of Philadelphia Retinopathy of Prematurity (CHOP-ROP) postnatal weight gain predictive

102 age, weight, prior cardiothoracic operation, prematurity, chromosomal abnormalities, syndromes, nonca

103 data from the Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP) and Early Treatment for Retinopat

104 so review the applications to retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular d

105 cular eye diseases, including retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macul

106 reatening diseases, including retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macul

107 Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity did not significantly reduce the combined ra

108 nal age, seizures, caffeine therapy/apnea of prematurity, duration of parenteral nutrition, pulmonary

109 hes to Evaluating Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity (e-ROP) Study and to evaluate their potentia

110 hes to Evaluating Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity (e-ROP) Study telemedicine system of remote

111 hes to Evaluating Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity (e-ROP) study was conducted from May 1, 2011

112 the Evaluation of Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity (e-ROP) study.

113 -ROP) and Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) trials and the primary data from the

114 consistently associated with reduced risk of prematurity for both European and African Americans.

115 icated in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity for decades.

116 arly-onset NTHi increased exponentially with prematurity, from 0.9 per 100 000 (95% confidence interv

117 and the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (G-ROP) Study (a multicenter retrospective c

118 from the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (G-ROP) Study.

119 This new small-animal model of extreme prematurity generates a spectrum of short- and long-term

120 st 2 risk factors for neurotoxicity, such as prematurity, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficienc

121 ary dysplasia (BPD), the main consequence of prematurity, has a significant heritability, but little

122 Advantages of caffeine for apnea of prematurity have prompted clinicians to use it prophylac

123 nown about how chronic conditions other than prematurity, heart disease, and Down syndrome affect the

124 s a strong association between infection and prematurity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain l

125 /disability at 18 to 24 months corrected for prematurity; however, this outcome has not been reported

126 lis are associated with late miscarriage and prematurity in high-risk pregnancies.

127 nificant decrease in rates of retinopathy of prematurity in our post-intervention group was found.

128 young adults who were born at any degree of prematurity in the Preterm Birth and Early Life Programm

129 There was no association with retinopathy of prematurity in the preterm group, which suggests that be

130 rdings and gestational age or retinopathy of prematurity in the preterm group.

131 n the natural killer cell immune pathway and prematurity in this biracial US population.

132 Prematurity increased from 9.2% during 1990-1993 (no the

133 Prematurity, independent of medical complications, leads

134 association of environmental exposures with prematurity into components representing different tempo

135 Potential mechanisms include prematurity, intrapartum events, or infections.

136 Apnea of prematurity is a common condition that is usually treate

137 Extreme prematurity is a major risk factor for perinatal and neo

138 Retinopathy of prematurity is a sight-threatening complication of prema

139 stricting the cohort to prematurity, because prematurity is an outcome of preeclampsia.

140 We sought to examine whether prematurity is associated with asthma in Puerto Rican ch

141 l average for preterm children suggests that prematurity is associated with subclinical optic nerve h

142 Using a mouse model where encephalopathy of prematurity is induced by systemic interleukin-1beta adm

143 -infected women during pregnancy and risk of prematurity is still controversial.

144 In the developed world, extreme prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal mortality a

145 controversies in the study of retinopathy of prematurity is whether hyperoxia or alternating hyperoxi

146 re direct and indirect causes of stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, and maternal and neonatal

147 of residence, urban/rural area of domicile, prematurity, low birth weight, and mother's age.

148 , proportions of major congenital anomalies, prematurity, low birth weight, and small size for gestat

149 due to infections and those associated with prematurity/low birth weight.

150 Trends in prematurity (<37 gestational weeks) were studied among a

151 The incidence of prematurity (<37 weeks' gestation) was also similar (chi

152 Maternal age, gestational age, prematurity (<37 weeks' gestation), type of ARV prophyla

153 r in low-income settings where the causes of prematurity might differ and have simpler solutions such

154 Prematurity might explain, in part, the high prevalence

155 er cell-expressed VEGF in the retinopathy of prematurity model also reduced phosphorylated EPOR (p-EP

156 natal ultrasonography, severe retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, or late-onset se

157 y for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of prematurity needs to be further elucidated by large, ran

158 The primary outcomes were prematurity, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissi

159 , bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, neurodevelopmental outcomes, or hearing los

160 years were associated with higher risks for prematurity, NICU admission, and SGA status compared wit

161 percentile, gestational age, retinopathy of prematurity occurrence, maternal age at childbirth, moth

162 wo major perceived risk factors for BPD were prematurity of <28 weeks and high oxygen requirements.

163 ematurity risk, the high-risk group (overall prematurity of 22.2% to 62.8%) showed combined risk rati

164 Remaining studies (overall prematurity of 4.0% to 10.4%) showed combined risk ratio

165 in May, which corresponds to an increase in prematurity of more than 10%.

166 that atopy modifies the estimated effect of prematurity on asthma in Puerto Rican children.

167 by plurality, and the independent effect of prematurity on childhood costs.

168 ferent PVC locations and coupling intervals (prematurity) on LV regional mechanics and global functio

169 LV dyssynchrony cannot be attributed to prematurity or abnormal ventricular activation alone, bu

170 Alas, surviving early hazards, like prematurity or infectious disease, does not guarantee th

171 ration, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, or as a complication following cataract sur

172 nces in chronic lung disease, retinopathy of prematurity, or NDI among survivors.

173 Prematurity (P = .03) and severe disease at birth (P < .

174 her was associated with an increased risk of prematurity (p = 0.001).

175 t effect was found for zone I retinopathy of prematurity (P=0.003) but not for zone II disease (P=0.2

176 -induced retinopathy model of retinopathy of prematurity, PGC-1alpha expression is dramatically induc

177 g and hypertension, suggesting that apnea of prematurity predisposes to autonomic dysfunction in adul

178 low birth weight, cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity, prematurity, smoking throughout pregnancy,

179 blinding eye diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and wet

180 uding sofas), exposure to tobacco smoke, and prematurity; protective factors include breastfeeding, p

181 n enrolled in the CAP (Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity) randomized controlled trial and assessed at

182 ns (5.6% vs 1.6%; P = .02), CONCLUSIONS: The prematurity rate among HIV-infected pregnant women was t

183 During 2005-2009, the prematurity rate was higher with boosted than with nonbo

184 e found in the congenital malformation rate, prematurity rate, and Apgar scores.

185 Retinopathy of prematurity recurred in 3 (14%) of 22 IVB-treated eyes a

186 iE-DAP at a lower dose that did not induce prematurity, reduced fetal weight, altered the cytokine

187 Caffeine citrate therapy for apnea of prematurity reduces the rates of bronchopulmonary dyspla

188 Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity reduces the rates of cerebral palsy and cogn

189 n injury topography, severity of injury, and prematurity-related clinical complications.

190 2 is a modifier of susceptibility to PTB and prematurity-related morbidity and mortality in the offsp

191 cacy of DNAC in preventing preterm birth and prematurity-related outcomes.

192 al confounders such as growth restriction or prematurity remain to be elucidated.

193 lar results were obtained in our analysis of prematurity requiring admission to the neonatal intensiv

194 arteriosus requiring surgery, retinopathy of prematurity requiring surgery, necrotizing enterocolitis

195 Cases involving retinopathy of prematurity resulted in the highest payments to plaintif

196 man premature infants.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Prematurity results in developmental delays and neurobeh

197 ings are consistent with the assumption that prematurity results in long-term detrimental effects on

198 nfarcts, obstructive sleep apneas, apneas of prematurity, Rett syndrome, and sudden infant death synd

199 n analyzed separately by subgroup for excess prematurity risk, the high-risk group (overall prematuri

200 as those who were treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (ROP-Tx group); those with spontaneous

201 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) affects only premature infants, but as

202 e angiogenic abnormalities in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are manifested in preterm infants, we

203 diagnosis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by experts.

204 rove diagnostic competency in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by ophthalmologists-in-training in Mex

205 l evaluation is necessary for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) cases.

206 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) caused blindness in 32.6% of children

207 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) causes 100,000 new cases of childhood

208 ) agents for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) compared with laser photocoagulation t

209 ge grading of fellow eyes for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) features (stage, zone and plus disease

210 Telemedicine in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has the potential for delivering timel

211 ents for potentially blinding retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) have been introduced, the importance o

212 ection of treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) involves serial eye examinations.

213 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness in chi

214 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindn

215 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vision-threatening disease in pre

216 in patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is not yet fully understood.

217 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the targets for early detect

218 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of childhood blin

219 ment/blindness as a result of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may rise.

220 A murine retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) model was used to examine the effect o

221 e miR-17 family in the murine retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) model, whereby Vegfa expression is hig

222 born prematurely who develop retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) often develop myopia, and those who re

223 diabetic retinopathie (DR), retinopathie of prematurity (ROP) or the retinal vein occlusion (RVO) ar

224 efinitions of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) reference arterial tortuosity and veno

225 infants needing treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) requires repeated examinations of at-r

226 emature babies at the time of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening and in children aged under 7

227 ne preterm infants undergoing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screenings.

228 Treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage 3 plus with bevacizumab is still

229 ctor (VEGF) in a patient with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with ranibizumab (Case 1) and

230 Screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was performed in the neonatal period.

231 More severe stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were found among CMV-infected infants

232 the presence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were investigated by univariate and mu

233 omponent of clinical care for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), but little information exists regardi

234 easingly used to treat type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), but there remain concerns about syste

235 linding retinopathies such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal

236 nt in children with regressed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), including those with and those withou

237 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the most common cause of blindness in

238 ated with treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

239 ctors for treatment-demanding retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

240 ages from infants at risk for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

241 ffective for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

242 tic tool in the management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

243 hment in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

244 rization in a rodent model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

245 term infants without advanced retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

246 neovascularization (IVNV) in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

247 to predict the risk of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

248 s in children with or without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

249 ategies for the management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

250 omy (LSV) surgery in advanced retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

251 laser photoablation in type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

252 ions between preeclampsia and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

253 an 3 days after birth, severe retinopathy of prematurity, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, necroti

254 t related to clinical factors including age, prematurity, sex, intrauterine complications, and postna

255 the prevention of ROP and other disorders of prematurity should be a fruitful direction for further i

256 pression are implicated, including apnoea of prematurity, sleep disordered breathing and congestive h

257 ght, cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity, prematurity, smoking throughout pregnancy, anisometropia

258 is compromised (e.g., sleep apnea, apnea of prematurity, spinal injury, or motor neuron disease).

259 e bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (stage 3 or higher), or necrotizing enteroco

260 ational screening program for retinopathy of prematurity started), and 2 151 972 were born between 19

261 hes to Evaluating Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity study, conducted from May 2011 to October 20

262 hes to Evaluating Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity Study.

263 4, the gene encoding FATP4, cause ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS), characterized by premature b

264 C27A4, which encodes FATP4, cause ichthyosis prematurity syndrome, characterized by a thick desquamat

265 y dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of prematurity that often leads to sequelae in adult surviv

266 nly included children whose parents reported prematurity that required admission to the neonatal inte

267 When controlling for very low BW and prematurity, the presence of preplus disease, stage 2 RO

268 re the most common organisms associated with prematurity, their effects on the maternal and fetal imm

269 e evidence of a relationship between BPA and prematurity, though further research may be warranted gi

270 ith regard to abortion, perinatal mortality, prematurity, toxaemia and congenital malformation.

271 ed, placebo-controlled Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity trial between 1999 and 2004.

272 ed, placebo-controlled Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity trial between October 11, 1999, and October

273 tivity for Early Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity type 1 ROP and potential reduction in the nu

274 dels of brain injury attributable to extreme prematurity typically fail to generate a spectrum of pat

275 In the absence of prematurity, UPI increased angiogenic factors in associa

276 ing but not limited to epigenetic variation, prematurity, vitamin D level, diet, and stress.

277 In an analysis stratified by atopy, prematurity was associated with a nearly 5-fold increase

278 Prematurity was associated with cARV therapy, compared w

279 Notably, more extreme prematurity was associated with increased functional con

280 Prematurity was correlated with a worse cognitive outcom

281 Prematurity was defined by parental report for our prima

282 Retinopathy of prematurity was diagnosed in only two neonates in the RT

283 usted probability of death or retinopathy of prematurity was highest among infants born at hospitals

284 Prematurity was independently associated with cARV thera

285 e or placebo until drug therapy for apnea of prematurity was no longer needed.

286 In the absence of treated ROP, prematurity was not associated with disturbed retinal st

287 y (UPI) increases severity of retinopathy of prematurity, we developed a composite rat model of UPI a

288 6%) with GA </= 32 weeks with retinopathy of prematurity were affected by strabismus.

289 Age <6 months and prematurity were associated with severe RSV cases among

290 ions with gestational age and retinopathy of prematurity were examined.

291 lung function at 6 weeks, infant growth, and prematurity were other independent predictors of lung fu

292 l outcomes, hearing loss, and retinopathy of prematurity were similar between the 2 groups.

293 infants had reduced rates of retinopathy of prematurity when lower targets of oxygen saturation were

294 are at risk of developing encephalopathy of prematurity, which is associated with long-term neurodev

295 Apnea of prematurity, which is prevalent among infants born at le

296 modelling showed that age, cause of PAH, ex-prematurity, WHO functional class, trisomy 21, and time

297 rdiovascular development, and retinopathy of prematurity with lung development.

298 preterm and 17 with regressed retinopathy of prematurity with normal-appearing posterior poles) and 5

299 ocial-emotional growth, including autism and prematurity, without the need to administer drugs to you

300 es severe treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity, yet diagnostic agreement among experts is i