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   1 milarly modulated by the presence/absence of presenilins.                                            
     2 (2+)-leak mechanisms, namely translocons and presenilins.                                            
     3 eolytic processing, first by Adam10 and then presenilins.                                            
     4 f axonal boutons and dendritic spines in APP/Presenilin 1 (APP(swe)/PS1(L166P))-green fluorescent pro
     5 icular infusion in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) double-transgenic 3-mo-old mice a
     6 athology using the amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD amyloidosis on 
     7 LTP impairments in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mutant mice that model Alzheimer'
  
     9  double mutant amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 (APPswe/PSEN1dE9) mouse model of Alzheimer'
  
  
  
    13 how that amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) double-transgenic (APP/PS1) mice demo
  
  
    16 terminal fragment (betaCTF), and then by the Presenilin 1 (PS1) enzyme in the gamma-secretase complex
    17 ent induced a decrease in the association of presenilin 1 (PS1) fragments with lipid rafts where cata
  
  
    20 ic ablation studies have revealed a role for presenilin 1 (PS1) in embryonic neurogenesis, little inf
  
  
    23 ne (S) and threonine (T) residues within the Presenilin 1 (PS1) N-terminus and in the large hydrophil
    24 MRK-560 displays a strong preference for the presenilin 1 (PS1) over PS2 subclass of gamma-secretases
    25 ion (GD) conditions, decreased expression of presenilin 1 (PS1) results in decreased neuronal surviva
  
  
    28    Using the amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic mouse model, we found that
    29 ransmembrane domains (TMDs) 4 and 5 of human presenilin 1 (PS1), a catalytic subunit of gamma-secreta
  
  
    32    gamma-Secretase, or its catalytic subunit presenilin 1 (PS1), were upregulated by exposure to eith
  
    34 f mutant presenilin 1 genes (PSEN1) encoding presenilin 1 (PS1)variants causes autosomal dominant for
    35  human amyloid precursor protein (APPsw) and presenilin 1 (PS1DeltaE9) genes, each independent causes
    36 ippocampal neurons derived from mice lacking presenilin 1 (Psen1(-/-) mice) or expressing a familial 
    37  in amyloid precursor protein (APP(Swe)) and presenilin 1 (PSEN1(M146V)) and derived cortical neurons
    38 -related accumulation of Abeta deposition in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) E280A mutation carriers across the 
    39 een January and August, 2010, 18-26-year-old presenilin 1 (PSEN1) E280A mutation carriers and non-car
  
    41 ations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) or presenilin 1 (PSEN1), sporadic Alzheimer's disease (n = 
    42 eferred to as ABCC1), we measured N1(IC) and presenilin 1 (PSEN1), the catalytic subunit of gamma-sec
    43 biomarkers are characterized and compared in presenilin 1 (PSEN1)E280A mutation carriers and noncarri
    44 t, it resulted in a significant reduction of presenilin 1 (PSEN1, alias PS1), nicastrin (NCSTN) , pre
    45 ial AD (FAD; amyloid precursor protein [APP]/presenilin 1 [PS1]) ameliorated the autophagocytic defec
    46 utations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 and 2 (PSEN1 and PSEN2) cause a subset of e
    47 nic mice with human familial mutant genes of presenilin 1 and amyloid precursor protein (PS1/APP), th
    48 ums of mice expressing human familial mutant presenilin 1 and amyloid precursor protein genes, the le
    49 s mutant human amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 and followed the death of individual neuron
    50 ditional knock-out mouse studies showed that Presenilin 1 and Notch 1 controlled neural sphere format
    51 lly active protein complexes with endogenous presenilin 1 and PEN2 or affect the localization of gamm
  
    53 ations in beta-amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 are able to induce robust extracellular dep
  
    55 RNA and component of gamma-secretase complex presenilin 1 from Tsc1-null cells to wild-type cells lea
  
  
    58  of understanding the structural dynamics of presenilin 1 in drug development against Alzheimer's dis
    59 D mutations in amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 leads to sensitivity to trauma-induced PTSD
    60 -methylcytosine in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice along with Alzheimer disease pathology
    61 of DSP-8658 in the amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mouse model confirmed an increased microgli
    62 uded; 18 were positive for the AD-associated presenilin 1 mutation (carriers, mean age=38) whereas 22
  
  
  
  
  
  
    69 mational changes in transmembrane domains of presenilin 1 that affect the proteolytic activity of the
    70 ne substitutions in the prion protein and in presenilin 1 that underlie the development of a prion di
    71 ent chaperone, cyclophilin B, from assisting presenilin 1 to fold properly, leading to its aggregatio
    72 tration of bifunctionalized liposomes to APP/presenilin 1 transgenic mice (aged 10 months) for 3 week
    73  reduced quantities of the processed, active presenilin 1 were observed in brains of cyclophilin B kn
    74 g proteins, and prevented the association of presenilin 1 with N-cadherin and VE-cadherin, thereby co
    75 rexpression of amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 with Swedish and L166P mutations, respectiv
    76 essing human amyloid-beta precursor protein, presenilin 1, and tau mutations, and apolipoprotein E, t
    77 onverting enzyme, amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1, neprylisin or insulin-degrading enzyme.   
    78 Abeta42) by around 70%, whereas knockdown of presenilin 1, one of the essential gamma-secretase compl
    79 l AD (FAD), are associated with mutations in presenilin 1, presenilin 2, or the amyloid precursor pro
    80 on of Abeta(42/43) by familial AD mutants of presenilin 1, the catalytic subunit of gamma-secretase, 
    81 nt from plaques in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1-GFP (APPPS1-GFP) nor those in GFP-control m
  
  
  
  
  
    87 )-4 gene in beta-amyloid precursor protein + presenilin-1 (APP+PS1) bigenic mice attenuates AD pathog
  
    89 ressing mutant amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) were crossed with Ear2(-/-) mice 
  
    91 u(P301L)), and physiological levels of M146V-presenilin-1 (PS1(M146V)) display extracellular amyloid-
  
  
    94 igate the impact of the c.548G>T mutation on presenilin-1 (PS1) function in vivo, we introduced this 
  
  
  
  
    99 red that, in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) mice (age 3-4 mo), a prominent mouse 
   100 ut mice with amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) mice overexpressing mutant APP and PS
  
   102 amyloid-beta precursor protein (AbetaPP) and presenilin-1 (PS1) recapitulate several aspects of this 
  
  
   105 trin (NCT) in the extracellular (EC) domain, presenilin-1 (PS1), anterior pharynx defective 1, and pr
  
   107 ecifically labels the N-terminal fragment of presenilin-1 (PS1-NTF) in cell membranes as well as in l
   108 mutant amyloid precursor protein (APPsw) and presenilin-1 (PS1DeltaE9) was characterized for histolog
  
  
   111 ve identified 2 new sequence variants in the presenilin-1 (PSEN1) gene promoter leading to reduced ge
   112 l dominant, highly penetrant mutation in the presenilin-1 (PSEN1) gene, and performed genome-wide ass
  
  
   115 ral interneurons in Columbus mutants lacking Presenilin-1 acquire an inappropriate attraction to Netr
  
  
   118 or protein or the gamma-secretase components presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 that cause familial early-
  
   120 livered bilaterally to the hippocampi of APP+presenilin-1 bigenic mice via an adenoassociated virus s
  
   122 ge on cortical neuron survival by generating presenilin-1 conditional knock-out (PS1 cKO) mice carryi
  
   124 hat FAD mutations can cause complete loss of Presenilin-1 function in vivo, suggesting that clinical 
  
  
   127  of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin-1 leads to a significant inhibition of neurog
   128 hroom spines in hippocampal neurons from the presenilin-1 M146V knockin (KI) mouse model of familial 
   129 itor dantrolene to amyloid precursor protein-presenilin-1 mice (Thy1-APP(KM670/671NL), Thy1-PS1(L166P
   130 el expressing the Swedish mutant APP and the presenilin-1 mutant DeltaE9 reduces amyloid plaque load,
   131 zheimer's disease caused by the E280A single presenilin-1 mutation, thirty carriers of the mutation w
   132 milial Alzheimer disease (FAD) patients with presenilin-1 or -2 mutations exhibit altered processing 
   133 is of five different AD-causing mutations in presenilin-1 revealed that all result in drastic reducti
   134 essing mutated amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 that develop massive cerebral Abeta loads. 
  
   136 man, including human-specific correlation of presenilin-1 with oligodendrocyte markers, and significa
   137 l components of the gamma-secretase complex, presenilin-1, -2, and nicastrin, accumulate in the mitoc
  
   139 protein components (Aph-1, Pen-2, nicastrin, presenilin-1, or presenilin-2) of the gamma-secretase in
  
  
  
   143 ine whether gamma-secretase modulators alter Presenilin-1/gamma-secretase conformation in intact cell
   144 Missense mutations in presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) proteins are a major cause of familia
   145 lular Abeta40 were abolished by depletion of presenilin 2 (PSEN2), recently shown to be enriched on t
  
  
  
   149 and reviewed the world's literature on other presenilin 2 mutations; presenting a novel mutation that
   150 cursor protein processing enzymes (BACE1 and presenilin 2) and are accompanied by elevated Abeta pept
  
  
  
  
   155     Extending this correlation, we find that Presenilin-2 localizes to basal bodies/cilia through a c
   156     When this motif is mutated, a GFP-tagged Presenilin-2 still localizes to intercellular borders, b
  
   158 s (Aph-1, Pen-2, nicastrin, presenilin-1, or presenilin-2) of the gamma-secretase in HEK293 cells.   
  
  
  
  
   163 ndings show that partial to complete loss of presenilin activity causes progressively more severe neu
   164 suggest that dominant-negative inhibition of presenilin activity plays an important role in FAD patho
   165     In addition to gamma-secretase function, presenilins also demonstrate a low conductance endoplasm
   166 inding that genetic deletion or knockdown of presenilins alters many autophagy-related proteins demon
  
  
   169 d nicastrin, triggers the endoproteolysis of presenilin and results in an active tetrameric gamma-sec
  
   171 ermediate, composed of the catalytic subunit presenilin and the accessory proteins APH-1 (anterior ph
  
   173 a and neurotrypsin as new genes repressed by presenilins and reveals a novel mechanism used by presen
   174 nts a new layer of regulation that links the presenilins and the gamma-secretase protease to pro-infl
   175 ', including mitsugumin23 (MG23), pannexins, presenilins and the transient receptor potential (TRP) c
   176 ', including mitsugumin23 (MG23), pannexins, presenilins and the transient receptor potential (TRP) c
   177 moothened and the Notch pathway genes Notch, presenilin, and Suppressor of Hairless and the Enhancer 
   178     The gamma-secretase complex, composed of presenilin, anterior-pharynx-defective 1, nicastrin, and
  
  
  
   182 ings, we conclude that endogenous, wild-type presenilins are necessary for proper protein degradation
  
   184    In later stages, downstream of Notch, the Presenilins are still required to maintain the endocrine
  
   186  VEGFR1 signaling and identified full-length presenilin as a critical adaptor molecule in the dephosp
   187 ctivity is independent from that of Oma1 and presenilin-associated rhomboid-like (PARL), two known Op
   188 K1 interacts with the mitochondrial protease presenilin-associated rhomboid-like protein (PARL) and t
   189 e that the small GTPase ARF4 is required for Presenilin basal body localization, Notch signaling, and
   190 gosomes are enriched for nicastrin, APH, and presenilin components of gamma-secretase, a multimeric p
   191 Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin genes (presenilin conditional double knockout [PS cDKO]) after 
  
  
   194  effector RBP-Jkappa with lineage tracing in Presenilin-deficient endocrine progenitors, demonstrated
   195 nt and wild-type PS1 at equal gene dosage in presenilin-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts resulted i
  
   197    Overall, these novel constructs unravel a presenilin-dependent subcellular targeting of gamma-secr
   198 ison of the crystal structure with models of presenilin derived from biochemical analysis reveals thr
   199 ase components, (3) reducing cholesterol and presenilin distribution in lipid rafts implicated in amy
   200 his study, we examine the effects of varying presenilin dosage on cortical neuron survival by generat
   201 h primary neuronal cultures from conditional presenilin double-knock-out mice (PS1(dTAG/dTAG), PS2(-/
   202 nx-defective 1 (APH-1), nicastrin (NCT), and presenilin enhancer 2 (PEN-2) is of significant therapeu
   203 ), anterior pharynx-defective 1 (APH-1), and presenilin enhancer 2 (PEN-2), is assembled in a highly 
  
   205 in 1 (PSEN1, alias PS1), nicastrin (NCSTN) , presenilin enhancer 2 homolog (PSNEN, alias, Pen-2), and
   206 n-1 (PS1), anterior pharynx defective 1, and presenilin enhancer 2 in the transmembrane (TM) domain. 
  
   208 me complex comprising presenilin, nicastrin, presenilin enhancer 2, and anterior pharynx-defective 1 
   209 anterior-pharynx-defective 1, nicastrin, and presenilin enhancer 2, catalyzes the intramembranous pro
   210 ous truncating mutations in PSENEN, encoding presenilin enhancer protein 2, in 6 unrelated patients a
   211 odel systems, we show that in the absence of presenilin expression and gamma-secretase activity, TNF-
   212  the L435F and C410Y mutations cause loss of Presenilin function and gamma-secretase activity, includ
   213 ortex during aging, suggesting that impaired presenilin function by PSEN mutations may lead to neurod
   214 mutation results in a brain-specific loss of presenilin function due to decreased Psen1 mRNA expressi
  
   216 n these results, we previously proposed that presenilins function as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) passi
   217 tch1 and/or Notch2 are functional targets of presenilin/gamma-secretase in promoting survival of exci
   218  mice lacking the Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin genes (presenilin conditional double knockout
  
  
  
   222 oss of neuronal connections, but the role of Presenilin in establishing neuronal connections is less 
  
   224 mpact autophagy, indicating that the role of presenilins in autophagy is independent of gamma-secreta
   225 olog Prss12 as genes negatively regulated by presenilins in Drosophila larval brains and mouse embryo
  
  
   228 ely, our studies fail to document a role for presenilins in regulating cellular autophagosomal functi
   229  suggested that CBP might be a key target of presenilins in the regulation of memory formation and ne
  
  
  
  
   234  precursor protein Swedish mutant transgene, presenilin knock-in mutation, and tau P301L mutant trans
   235 o axonal transport defects in the context of presenilin loss, we used a mouse model postnatally defic
   236 sis that the hydrophilic catalytic cavity of presenilins may also constitute a Ca(2+) conductance por
   237 hat disruption of ER Ca(2+) leak function of presenilins may play an important role in AD pathogenesi
   238 overed that, in hippocampal neurons, loss of presenilin-mediated ER Ca(2+) leak function was compensa
   239  respectively-are increased significantly in presenilin-mutant cells and in fibroblasts from patients
   240    Using gamma-secretase drug inhibitors and presenilin mutants in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we fo
   241  through intramembrane proteolysis, and >100 presenilin mutations are associated with familial early-
  
   243 be, we demonstrated specific labeling of the presenilin N-terminal fragment (PS1-NTF) within the gamm
   244 eric membrane-embedded protease comprised of presenilin, nicastrin (NCT), anterior pharynx defective 
   245     The gamma-secretase complex, composed of presenilin, nicastrin (NCT), anterior pharynx-defective 
  
   247 cretase is a large enzyme complex comprising presenilin, nicastrin, presenilin enhancer 2, and anteri
   248 gether, these findings show that, similar to presenilins, nicastrin plays essential roles in the regu
   249 -related neurodegeneration caused by loss of presenilin or gamma-secretase and suggest that there is 
   250  of age, whereas conditional inactivation of presenilin or nicastrin using the same alphaCaMKII-Cre t
  
  
  
   254 challenge this idea and propose instead that presenilins play a role in calcium-mediated lysosomal fu
  
   256 elucidate the function endogenous, wild-type presenilins play in autophagy-mediated protein degradati
   257 ariy attributable to mutations in one of two presenilins, polytopic proteins that contain the catalyt
  
   259 iest pathophysiological indicators in mutant presenilin (PS) AD mice is increased intracellular Ca(2+
   260 butable to mutations in a single copy of the Presenilin (PS) and amyloid precursor protein genes.    
   261 tological clues have implicated the proteins presenilin (PS) and tau as key players in AD development
  
  
  
  
   266 of the gamma-secretase complex consisting of presenilin (PS), anterior pharynx-defective 1 (APH-1), n
   267  four components of gamma-secretase complex--presenilin (PS), nicastrin (NCT), Pen2, and Aph1--are al
  
  
  
  
   272 eractions between the C-terminal fragment of presenilin (PS-CTF), the central component of the gamma-
  
   274 E STATEMENT To gain insight into the role of presenilins (PS) in excitatory synaptic function, we add
   275 ial Alzheimer's disease (FAD)-causing mutant presenilins (PS) interact with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosph
  
  
   278 , nicastrin and PEN2, and two variable ones, presenilin (PS1 or PS2) and APH1 (APH1aL, APH1aS, or APH
   279 MDs) present in its four subunits, including presenilin (PS1 or PS2), the gamma-secretase catalytic c
  
  
   282 e familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) causing presenilin (PSEN) mutations PSEN1-L435F and PSEN1-C410Y 
   283 tions in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin (PSEN) to familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) i
   284 Alzheimer's disease (AD)-linked mutations in Presenilins (PSEN) and the amyloid precursor protein (AP
  
  
  
   288 idence include the amyloid cascade (ACH) and presenilin (PSH) hypotheses and the amyloid precursor pr
   289 o interacts molecularly and genetically with Presenilin (Psn) and other components of the gamma-secre
  
  
   292 tase complex, but it remains unknown whether presenilin regulates synaptic function in a gamma-secret
  
   294 e proteases SPPL2a/b/c and SPPL3, as well as presenilin, the catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase
  
   296 um (Ca(2)(+)) homeostasis has been linked to presenilins, the catalytic core in gamma-secretase compl
  
   298 nilins and reveals a novel mechanism used by presenilins to modulate CREB signaling based on controll
   299 urther exacerbated by AD-linked mutations in presenilins to promote opening of IP(3) receptor/channel
  
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