ライフサイエンスコーパス: pretest

1 l teams managed a simulated crisis scenario (pretest).

2 s, particularly with respect to training and pretesting.

3 level of significance that incorporates the pretesting.

4 Participants received two pretests (1 week apart) prior to a week-long environment

5 At clinical skills examination pretest, 12 (16%) of 76 simulator-trained residents met

6 system was created using clinical cases (20 pretest, 20 posttest, and 25 training chapter-based) dev

7 Written pretest, 6-week posttest, and 6-month followup tests mea

8 rallel experiments, we tested listeners on a pretest and a posttest consisting of auditory relative-t

9 isteners in a variety of conditions during a pretest and again, 2 weeks later, during a posttest.

10 Simple pretest and exercise scores risk-stratified patients wit

11 Previously validated pretest and exercise test scores as well as the Duke tre

12 A simple nomogram based on easily obtained pretest and exercise test variables predicted all-cause

13 Higher levels of pretest and mean cortisol as well as the area under the

14 med randomized controlled trial with 1-month pretest and post-test assessments was conducted with wom

15 alue of the APOE genotype was estimated with pretest and post-test probabilities from multivariate an

16 Oncologists' recommendations pretest and post-test remained the same in 464 patients

17 8), single-patient interventional (n = 13), pretest and posttest (n = 9), randomized clinical trials

18 7% same day knowledge score increase between pretest and posttest (P < 0.001).

19 Although pretest and posttest communications were not standardize

20 the ophthalmologists-in-training during the pretest and posttest for both groups.

21 ponents including judicious genetic testing, pretest and posttest genetic counseling, interpretation

22 Pretest and posttest knowledge mean scores were 58% and

23 es (50%) were randomized to a control group (pretest and posttest only).

24 tivity and specificity calculations from the pretest and posttest results of the educational interven

25 Average knowledge scores for pretest and posttest were 3.32 and 5.88, respectively (m

26 ihour training during the 8-10 d between the pretest and posttest.

27 vironmental sound scores between the initial pretest and the last posttest with performance increment

28 g) and active (detecting) oddball tasks in a pretest and two posttests (1 and 9 weeks after training)

29 g a 3x magnifying loop and torch light and a pretested and structured questionnaire was completed.

30 Genetic counseling both pretesting and posttesting is essential to accurate, cos

31 ricians and pediatric oncologists developed, pretested, and modified the survey for item clarificatio

32 e process of item selection, item reduction, pretesting, and test analysis was used to create a 23-it

33 , or no-treatment control conditions after a pretest assessment in which a target vegetable was selec

34 orating the expected HbA1C distribution into pretest atherosclerotic CVD risk has a modest effect on

35 Each participant was required to take a pretest before taking the study module and an identical

36 slated into Sinhala, the native language and pretested before distribution.

37 In total, we examined pretest (before instruction) and posttest (after instruc

38 The findings support the use of BRCAPRO in pretest BRCA mutation prediction among minority families

39 Pretest CA2+3 (t31 = -3.93, P < .001) volume was negativ

40 Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for pretest CAD likelihood and risk factors.

41 on of the shift in risk varied markedly with pretest CHD risk and with the pattern of risk factors.

42 o CAC score is expected, even with identical pretest CHD risk, the same CAC score of 50 may be alarmi

43 tion explained) and can be used to update a "pretest" CHD risk estimate, such as the 10-year Framingh

44 o describe a risk tool developed to use only pretest clinical data to identify patients with chest pa

45 r cutoff of 500 microg/L, the combination of pretest clinical probability assessment with age-adjuste

46 9%) on the basis of the combination of a low pretest clinical probability of pulmonary embolism and n

47 lism was ruled out in patients who had a low pretest clinical probability, which was defined accordin

48 lue of all tests increased greatly with high pretest clinical probability.

49 specifically in patients at moderate to high pretest clinical risk and in patients with previous coro

50 t it became comparable once adjusted for the pretest clinical risk and stress MPI results.

51 tress imaging patients were matched by their pretest clinical risk of coronary disease to a series of

52 least 1 positive troponin (n=97) had higher pretest clinical scores, more renal dysfunction, and low

53 hough women in comparison with men had lower pretest clinical scores, rates of prior myocardial infar

54 The 4Ts is a pretest clinical scoring system for heparin-induced thro

55 e of clinical CPVT in individuals with a low pretest clinical suspicion for CPVT.

56 In a second experiment, pretest consumption of sucrose solution resulted in a sh

57 In this pretest-posttest study, the pretest control group (n = 37) was retrospectively ident

58 s' knowledge scores remained 22.6% above the pretest; control scores increased to 11.8% (P = 0.0001).

59 more flexible approach with less emphasis on pretest counseling and that HIV self-testing has been ad

60 At 2 weeks after pretest counseling, knowledge (d = 0.03; lower bound of

61 In contrast, rats given pretesting CRF showed facilitation of CS-elicited freezi

62 Medical records were then reviewed using a pretested data collection form in order to identify case

63 ly and crosschecked by two reviewers using a pretested data extraction form.

64 scored each article independently by using a pretested data-extraction form to identify actual overin

65 rols on overall improvement score (post-test-pretest difference, 0.74 vs. 0.07; difference between in

66 s similarly outscored 19 controls (post-test-pretest difference, 0.83 vs. 0.14; difference between in

67 Results, controlled for pretest difficulty assessment, are stated as odds improv

68 d ratios dramatically change an individual's pretest disease odds to posttest probabilities and can c

69 ks interacted in synergy with an ineffective pretest dose (1.0 microM) of EHNA to maximize shuttle-es

70 For the pretest, each fellow was assigned, at random, one pair o

71 a primary care physician or gynecologist for pretest education (11%) or posttest counseling (22%).

72 rpose of this study was to determine whether pretest education and counseling for breast cancer genet

73 Pretest education and counseling should reduce these hig

74 s to work with genetic counselors to provide pretest education and medical recommendations.

75 Forty-two percent of women preferred that pretest education be delivered by a genetic counselor, w

76 These include an urgent need to develop pretest education for all pregnant women and consistent

77 We investigated how pretesting experience affects the performance of New Cal

78 Finally, we repeated the pretraining and pretesting experiments with the central nucleus of the a

79 In a pretest for sexual behavior on the 10th day, there was n

80 s the potential for further development as a pretested, highly attenuated, intranasal vector to be av

81 in 2002-2003 highlighted the need to develop pretested human vaccine vectors that can be used in a ra

82 involves three phases: (i) habituation (or a pretest), (ii) conditioning of an association between th

83 Questions were pretested in 32 children in grades 3-5 by using semistru

84 Instruments have been developed and pretested in both English and Spanish, and interviewers

85 Pretesting inactivation of the VH or DH did not affect t

86 Pretest infusions of the beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist a

87 In contrast, pretest infusions of the GR agonist administered into th

88 Pretest intra-amygdala infusions of the Group II recepto

89 age of EB CRs during retesting compared with pretesting levels for both delay and trace conditioning.

90 phy (SPECT), or MPS, in patients with a high pretest likelihood (>0.85) of coronary artery disease (C

91 egy was the most cost-effective over a large pretest likelihood (probability of having a malignant no

92 43 women) with a predominantly intermediate pretest likelihood for CAD underwent both quantitative H

93 omatic patients with suspected CHD and a CHD pretest likelihood of 10% to 90% were recruited.

94 ands on prior CT examination (less than a 5% pretest likelihood of adrenal involvement) were studied.

95 ed tomographic angiography, determination of pretest likelihood of angiographically significant CAD b

96 96 with coronary angiography and 38 with low pretest likelihood of CAD).

97 One hundred twenty patients with a low pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease and normal

98 rfusion study had either a low or a very low pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease or negativ

99 compared with SPECT, in patients matched for pretest likelihood of coronary disease (pCAD).

100 In patients with suspected CAD, the pretest likelihood of disease, a clinical assessment, be

101 efulness of CCK cholescintigraphy had a high pretest likelihood of disease.

102 The mean pretest likelihood of obstructive CAD was 53.3+/-21.4%.

103 ars [SD, 9.0]; women, 564 [46.9%] ; mean CHD pretest likelihood, 49.5% [SD, 23.8%]), number of patien

104 ng 203 patients with an intermediate or high pretest likelihood, subgroups with normal and abnormal T

105 Pretest likelihoods of CAD with >/= 50 diameter stenosis

106 context discrimination, was not affected by pretesting LPS administration.

107 ased odds of HIV infection compared with the pretest odds, the specificity of the test was lower than

108 This article describes the development and pretesting of the genetics curriculum for the project wi

109 em reduction (12.6%); 2) instrument testing: pretesting or pilot testing (36.2%) and assessments of c

110 Pretest, perceived risks for colon cancer were significa

111 In this intermediate/high-pretest population, integration of noncontrast-enhanced

112 A pretested postal survey was mailed to all adult cases (w

113 h image-based clinical cases of ROP during a pretest, posttest, and training chapters.

114 l was conducted in 2012 and had a randomized pretest-posttest controlled design with a 10-week follow

115 ax districts, we enrolled 98 in a randomized pretest-posttest controlled experiment starting August 1

116 We used a one-group pretest-posttest design and national survey data from 19

117 The study was a pretest-posttest design with qualitative data collected

118 or more groups, and 405 used a single-group pretest-posttest design.

119 us trial conducted in 2012 used a randomized pretest-posttest design.

120 participated in a cross-sectionally sampled pretest-posttest evaluation of brochures, posters, and m

121 decision thresholds that can be derived from pretest-posttest probability plots.

122 Data are presented from a 1-group pretest-posttest study examining the role of extensive c

123 In this pretest-posttest study, patients with AMS from PLCs at 2

124 In this pretest-posttest study, the pretest control group (n = 3

125 ving NET + WT showed greater improvements on pretest-posttest variables of executive function, workin

126 onal or posttest only (n = 10), single-group pretest/posttest (n = 2), nonrandomized 2-group (n = 13)

127 A randomized pretest/posttest control group design with a standardize

128 ri rubric and masked to group assignment and pretesting/posttesting status.

129 t to the applicant's prior experience and/or pretest preparation.

130 osttest likelihood of EAS to 74%, assuming a pretest prevalence of 10%.

131 The literature was reviewed to obtain pretest probabilities and likelihood ratios, which were

132 Pending further research characterizing the pretest probabilities associated with different clinical

133 d his eponymous theorem that teaches us that pretest probabilities can be altered by new information,

134 ited by a lack of data to allow us to derive pretest probabilities for diverse setting, regions and a

135 search and institutional pathology reports, pretest probabilities for myometrial invasion were corre

136 he clinician provided data needed to compute pretest probabilities from a Web-based system.

137 None of the patients with low pretest probabilities had a positive EIA, but four were

138 int of care will enable the use of real-time pretest probabilities in medical decision making.

139 We present two approaches to include pretest probabilities in the interpretation of results.

140 on the age, sex, and angina typicality-based pretest probabilities of angiographically significant CA

141 ontrast-enhanced MR imaging was favored with pretest probabilities of biliary stricture or malignancy

142 with intermediate (n=1469) and low (n=1186) pretest probabilities of CVD.

143 The mean weighted pretest probabilities of deep myometrial invasion in pat

144 The mean pretest probabilities of deep myometrial invasion were d

145 Pretest probabilities of different hand dominances in ep

146 es according to likelihood ratios as well as pretest probabilities using clinical scoring tools.

147 In patients with high pretest probabilities, MRCP enabled confirmation of PSC;

148 ed confirmation of PSC; in patients with low pretest probabilities, MRCP enabled exclusion of PSC.

149 cy for the diagnosis of asthma for different pretest probabilities.

150 For patients with low pretest probability (26%), strategies that used FDG-PET

151 For patients with intermediate pretest probability (55%), FDG-PET strategies cost more

152 For patients with high pretest probability (79%), strategies that used FDG-PET

153 FDG-PET should be used selectively when pretest probability and computed tomography findings are

154 d D-dimer blood tests) for patients with low pretest probability and diagnostic techniques (compressi

155 Twenty-one subjects with a low pretest probability and normal cardiovascular magnetic r

156 Provision of pretest probability and prescriptive advice reduced radi

157 The tool for pretest probability assessment was the aortic dissection

158 Integration of pretest probability assessment with DD testing is feasib

159 Use of pretest probability can reduce unnecessary testing.

160 Without a validated pretest probability clinical score, serosurveillance in

161 mized to the intervention group received the pretest probability estimates for both acute coronary sy

162 ficile and determine the correlation between pretest probability for C. difficile infection (CDI) and

163 Pretest probability for CDI should be considered prior t

164 Patients with low to medium pretest probability for coronary artery disease (CAD) re

165 leep evaluation for any sleep disorders (low pretest probability for narcolepsy) were compared within

166 nts with central hypersomnia and thus a high pretest probability for narcolepsy, short REML remained

167 ents with stable chest pain and intermediate pretest probability for obstructive coronary artery dise

168 ble chest pain (or dyspnea) and intermediate pretest probability for obstructive coronary artery dise

169 s part of a work-up of a patient with a high pretest probability for pulmonary embolism and a positiv

170 idated clinical prediction rules to estimate pretest probability in patients in whom acute PE is bein

171 ng spirometric results, consideration of the pretest probability is an important consideration in the

172 lving stimulation of the hypothalamus if the pretest probability is sufficiently high.

173 examination can reduce a maximum US-assigned pretest probability of 17.8% (low BI-RADS 4B) to a postt

174 At a pretest probability of 22% (for example, a 65-year-old w

175 thirds of chest pain patients without a high pretest probability of a stress perfusion defect, with e

176 cluded a 100-person pictograph depicting the pretest probability of acute coronary syndrome and avail

177 e the prevalence of AMS for establishing the pretest probability of AMS, a random-effects meta-regres

178 In a symptomatic population with 50% pretest probability of asthma, optimal accuracy (68%) is

179 However, in a screening population with a 5% pretest probability of asthma, the optimum z score is -2

180 group 1 consisted of 34 individuals with low pretest probability of CAD (<10%), and subgroup 2 compri

181 when healthy subjects were defined by a low pretest probability of CAD than by normal CT angiography

182 The mean pretest probability of CAD was lower in women (45%) than

183 ary nodules should begin with estimating the pretest probability of cancer from the patient's clinica

184 In 101 patients with an intermediate pretest probability of cancer, the negative predictive v

185 place jejunal biopsy in patients with a high pretest probability of CD.

186 enrolled and assigned a high, medium, or low pretest probability of CDI based on clinical evaluation,

187 One group of patients had a high pretest probability of cirrhosis because they were ident

188 tly with atypical chest pain and had a lower pretest probability of coronary artery disease compared

189 ion among patients with intermediate to high pretest probability of coronary artery disease.

190 ffectiveness ratios for patients with a high pretest probability of coronary artery disease.

191 gative CT or MR enteroclysis study where the pretest probability of Crohn disease is high.

192 tative findings varied little with age, sex, pretest probability of disease, or the test indeterminan

193 The accuracy of a test depends on the pretest probability of disease.

194 se from the calculated likelihood ratios and pretest probability of disease.

195 in symptomatic patients, in conjunction with pretest probability of disease.

196 a diastolic murmur does little to change the pretest probability of dissection (positive LR, 1.4; 95%

197 The pretest probability of endometrial cancer was 3.9% (95%

198 ausal woman with vaginal bleeding with a 10% pretest probability of endometrial cancer, her probabili

199 The estimated pretest probability of falling at least once in any give

200 er to obtain an individualized estimation of pretest probability of germline PTEN mutation, we develo

201 (65%) patients were assessed as having a low pretest probability of having CDI, 34 (31%) as having a

202 Subgroups with an intermediate or high pretest probability of having coronary artery disease al

203 Subgroups with an intermediate or high pretest probability of having coronary artery disease al

204 e third comparison, 254 patients with a high pretest probability of having narcolepsy were compared w

205 rin-induced thrombocytopenia if the clinical pretest probability of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

206 A negative PF4/H-PaGIA result reduced the pretest probability of HIT from 1.9% to 0% (95% CI, 0-1.

207 primary HIV infection, particularly when the pretest probability of infection is low.

208 le in BCVI among trauma patients with a high pretest probability of injury.

209 ess of strategies depended critically on the pretest probability of malignancy.

210 y in MIBI-negative patients, who have a high pretest probability of MGD.

211 employing IPM in select patients with a high pretest probability of multiple gland disease (MGD).

212 he most appropriate score for evaluating the pretest probability of obstructive coronary artery disea

213 lly low weight, can significantly change the pretest probability of osteoporosis and suggest the need

214 ts or imaging studies in patients with a low pretest probability of PE and who meet all Pulmonary Emb

215 ic test in patients who have an intermediate pretest probability of PE or in patients with low pretes

216 st probability of PE or in patients with low pretest probability of PE who do not meet all Pulmonary

217 ary angiography (CTPA) in patients with high pretest probability of PE.

218 d-dimer measurement in patients with a high pretest probability of PE.

219 t in patients who have a low or intermediate pretest probability of PE.

220 -resulted in a well-calibrated estimation of pretest probability of PTEN status.

221 s developed and found to reliably assess the pretest probability of severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (C sta

222 eserved for patients where there is a higher pretest probability of SLE.

223 CT pulmonary angiographic imaging about the pretest probability of the study based on a validated de

224 epwise approach should be initiated based on pretest probability of the underlying liver disease.

225 we present an algorithm for establishing the pretest probability of TRALI as opposed to TACO.

226 When there is a low pretest probability of UTI, a negative dipstick result f

227 ing and voiding should take into account the pretest probability of VUR in the child being examined.

228 Positive predictive value in this high pretest probability sample was 92.1% (95% CI, 83.6%-97.0

229 A high genetic risk increases the pretest probability that a biomarker of early cancer is

230 oronary artery disease and intermediate/high-pretest probability underwent CMR (including CMR-MPI, MR

231 The proportion of individuals with a high pretest probability was 18% with the DF and only 1.1% wi

232 The mean pretest probability was 37 +/- 24%.

233 discordant or in patients with intermediate pretest probability who are at high risk for surgical co

234 o account the patient's presenting features (pretest probability).

235 Worst-case-scenario (pretest probability, 50%) posttest probabilities were 94

236 We hypothesize that quantitative pretest probability, linked to evidence-based management

237 Existing CDRs guide clinicians, establish pretest probability, provide screening tests for common

238 or patients with low, intermediate, and high pretest probability, respectively.

239 ptomatic/had no previous stress test/had low pretest probability.

240 ever or leukocytosis without considering the pretest probability.

241 or pulmonary embolism) for those with a high pretest probability.

242 ow response rates; innovative techniques for pretesting questionnaires offer opportunities for improv

243 he absence of the test was compared with the pretest recommendation about chemotherapy from the field

244 was conversion from the medical oncologist's pretest recommendation for chemotherapy plus hormonal th

245 undergoing CHR assessment into 4 classes of pretest risk (6-year): low, 3.39% (95% CI, 0.96% to 11.5

246 d reclassified 91.5% of patients at moderate pretest risk (65.7% to low risk; 25.8% to high risk) wit

247 I, 11.71% to 17.99%), confirming substantial pretest risk enrichment during the recruitment of indivi

248 y and source of referral are associated with pretest risk enrichment in individuals undergoing CHR as

249 and source of referral were associated with pretest risk enrichment.

250 Importance: Pretest risk estimation is routinely used in clinical me

251 5, 55, and 65 years of age with a 25% to 75% pretest risk for coronary disease.

252 n hematology patients with a potentially low pretest risk of invasive aspergillosis following effecti

253 The low pretest risk of invasive aspergillosis in the context of

254 A patient subgroup at higher pretest risk of pathogenic mutation carriage was defined

255 Main Outcomes and Measures: Pretest risk of psychosis onset in individuals undergoin

256 characteristics and specific determinants of pretest risk of psychosis onset in individuals undergoin

257 gate the characteristics and determinants of pretest risk of psychosis onset in individuals undergoin

258 The cumulative 6-year pretest risk of psychosis was 14.55% (95% CI, 11.71% to

259 del can identify individuals at differential pretest risk of psychosis.

260 ent and to develop and externally validate a pretest risk stratification model.

261 pproximately half of patients (57% at higher pretest risk, 42% at average risk) discussed results wit

262 osts, adjusting for treatment propensity and pretest risk.

263 randomized to the educational intervention (pretest, ROP tutorial, ROP educational chapters, and pos

264 ustering within families and controlling for pretest scores and covariates.

265 ation were positively associated with higher pretest scores and having a physician who spoke English

266 opt out of learning material on the basis of pretest scores if they are already proficient in the con

267 namese was negatively associated with higher pretest scores.

268 osttest scores were approximately 1 SD above pretest scores.

269 At the pretest session, subjects rated the extent to which they

270 It was within 3x of the pretest stoichiometric requirement estimate of 3.8 L/min

271 Interviewer administered pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect d

272 d their medical charts were reviewed using a pretested structured questionnaire.

273 Further experiments established that pretest sucrose does not simply cause bees to become mor

274 and one unrewarding cue, bees that received pretest sucrose responded in a positive manner toward am

275 A cognitively pretested survey instrument was administered to 2,612 co

276 Novel but pretested survey tools were administered to 129 patient-

277 ttributable to other organisms did not alter pretest suspicion for mediastinitis (LR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.

278 ng among patients referred for CMR without a pretest suspicion of HCM.

279 icipants, patients had lower CA2+3 volume at pretest (t31 = -0.73, P = .47) and showed a significant

280 variance showed significant improvement from pretest to 6-month followup in pain (6.0 versus 3.4); se

281 lict scale score significantly improved from pretest to post-test from 34 to 19 (P < .001).

282 Team performance significantly improved from pretest to posttest (P = 0.008) regardless of the type o

283 ween the training and the transfer task from pretest to posttest and an increase in striatal activati

284 emory vividness significantly decreased from pretest to posttest and follow-up after recall+EMs relat

285 ation overlap or in striatal activation from pretest to posttest.

286 onducted with interviews, expert review, and pretesting to develop items.

287 three-vessel and/or left main CAD from 23% (pretest) to 65-100% (posttest), and NI values <10 increa

288 three-vessel and/or left main CAD from 77% (pretest) to 95-100% (posttest).

289 Thus, it can be potentially implemented as a pretesting tool to identify high-risk groups for broad m

290 wise typically developing 6-y-olds in a 3-mo pretest-training-posttest design that was ecologically d

291 Pretest treatment with the adenosine receptor antagonist

292 A clinical tool using readily available pretest variables discriminates such minimal-risk patien

293 tic regression analysis was used to evaluate pretest variables to determine factors associated with m

294 tions increased from 85.1% to 87.0% overall (pretest vs. posttest; P<0.001) and from 80.6% to 82.0% f

295 e-choice questions answered correctly on the pretest was 62% and posttest was 77% (P = 0.02).

296 raphic characteristics were requested, and a pretest was administered to one half of the participants

297 All participants completed a pretest; website participants also completed a posttest

298 Cognitive interviews and pretests were used in the development of the survey inst

299 The curriculum was pretested with Native American students, medical and gen

300 east 10-12 weeks old are prepared by regular pretesting, with all procedures carried out during the l