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1 mone therapy used (estrogen vs estrogen plus progestin).
2 strogen alone or an estrogen combined with a progestin.
3 t at this site in the absence or presence of progestin.
4 group randomized to E-alone or estrogen plus progestin.
5 risk of taking HT, especially estrogen plus progestin.
6 eved with a combination of an androgen and a progestin.
7 increased with combined use of estrogen plus progestin.
8 en only in colonies or tumors treated with a progestin.
9 those previously reported for estrogen plus progestin.
10 nalyses are also presented for estrogen plus progestin.
11 mmunomodulatory properties of this exogenous progestin.
12 lacking for altrenogest, a potent synthetic progestin.
13 nation HTs, which include both estrogens and progestins.
14 nity exists for progesterone and its related progestins.
15 for maximal induction of E2F1 expression by progestins.
16 indings may include unanticipated effects of progestins.
17 r relative affinity than reference steroidal progestins.
18 anyl, phenyl, and thiophenyl aldehydes and a progestin 16alpha,17alpha,21-triol (5) in the presence o
19 catalyzes the biosynthesis of androgens from progestins, 3beta-(hydroxy)-17-(1H-benzimidazole-1-yl)an
20 usions of U73122 (400nM/side), should reduce progestin (5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one; 3alpha,5alph
21 ransgenic animals were highly susceptible to progestin/7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary
22 o receive a human therapeutic dose for these progestins according to modeled bioconcentration factors
23 cyte maturation in teleosts by estrogens and progestins acting through GPER and mPRalpha, respectivel
26 eduction in attack frequency was 99.8% under progestins after discontinuing eOC (16 women), 93.8% und
27 d, placebo-controlled trial of estrogen plus progestin, after a mean intervention time of 5.6 (SD, 1.
35 erevisiae belongs to the newly characterized progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) superfamily of rece
37 et al. provide evidence that, in yeast, the progestin and adipoQ receptor superfamily of receptors m
38 ee exponent gamma=2.3), which suggested that progestin and corticosteroid reactions act as 'hubs' cap
41 the Women's Health Initiative Estrogen Plus Progestin and Estrogen-Alone Trials have been reported,
42 chorage-independent growth was stimulated by progestins and blocked by inhibition of Erk1/2, c-Src, E
43 rone, trans-androsterone, and testosterone), progestins and metabolites (progesterone, medroxyprogest
44 P4 transactivated the FHM nPR, whereas five progestins and P4 transactivated FHM AR, all at environm
46 33 steroids, including estrogens, androgens, progestins, and glucocorticoids, in hospital wastewaters
47 n of CK5(+) and CD44(+) cells in response to progestins, and results in increased stem-like propertie
48 t treatment of T47D breast cancer cells with progestin antagonized effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS
49 -based in vitro assays demonstrated that the progestins are all strongly androgenic, thereby explaini
54 duction at very low concentrations makes the progestins arguably the most important pharmaceutical gr
55 ectable contraceptive that contains the same progestin as the menopausal hormone therapy regimen foun
56 ern that high-dose, long-lasting, injectable progestin-based contraception could mimic the high-proge
57 rpose of this study was to use estrogen- and progestin-based radiopharmaceuticals to image ERalpha an
59 st cancer models often remain insensitive to progestins, but are growth-inhibited by antiprogestins,
60 posthysterectomy women and of estrogen plus progestin by women with a uterus, along with correspondi
63 ic progesterone used in contraception drugs (progestins) can promote breast cancer growth, but the me
64 ional data on estrogen and the estrogen plus progestin clinical trial and observational study data to
70 n with intact uterus receiving estrogen plus progestin, considered separately, was not statistically
72 cused on combining antiretrovirals (ARV) and progestin contraceptives to prevent HIV infection and pr
73 nt use of various oral combination (estrogen-progestin) contraceptives varied between 1.0 and 1.6.
74 ontention that androgenic effects of certain progestins contribute to their reproductive toxicity.
75 r continuous use and no use of estrogen plus progestin crossed at about 6 years (CI, 2 years to 10 ye
76 cer associated with the use of estrogen plus progestin declined markedly soon after discontinuation o
79 these regulatory regions were inhibited in a progestin-dependent manner following stimulation with pr
83 endothelial growth factor (VEGF); growth of progestin-dependent tumors is blocked by inhibiting synt
84 oral contraceptives (COCs) or the injectable progestins depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or n
85 en together, the immunomodulatory effects of progestins differentially regulate the outcome of infect
87 gs show potential for metformin and estrogen-progestin dual therapy but warrant longitudinal studies
88 ticularly for current users of estrogen plus progestin (E + P) menopausal hormone therapy (OR, 2.49;
89 rmone therapy with estrogen or estrogen with progestin (E + P) protected against cardiovascular disea
90 opposed estrogen (E-alone) and estrogen plus progestin (E+P) compared with placebo on a diverse set o
91 y was designed to test whether estrogen plus progestin (E+P) therapy favorably affects age-related ch
92 omen's Health Initiative (WHI) estrogen plus progestin (E+P) trial led to a substantial reduction in
93 ed with increasing duration of estrogen plus progestin (E+P) use (HR = 1.27 for E+P use 1 to 9 years,
94 women taking HRT, treated with estrogen and progestin (E+P; n = 32), estrogen alone (E; n = 30), and
96 plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 mg/d [progestin]) (E + P) or placebo with a median interventio
97 Endogenous progestogens and pharmaceutical progestins enter the environment through wastewater trea
98 limited to women who had taken estrogen plus progestin (EP) preparations only (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0
99 bind to a wide range of receptors including progestin, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, and miner
100 with an H3N2 virus, female mice treated with progestins experienced greater mortality with increased
102 aring women using only combined estrogen and progestin for 3 or more years with women using only unop
103 nds against the use of combined estrogen and progestin for the prevention of chronic conditions in po
104 nds against the use of combined estrogen and progestin for the primary prevention of chronic conditio
105 ind the best combination of testosterone and progestins for effective spermatogenesis suppression and
110 en assigned to treatment with oestrogen plus progestin had a higher risk of cancer than did those ass
111 oderate certainty that combined estrogen and progestin has no net benefit for the primary prevention
113 ith combined HT supports the hypothesis that progestins have an attenuating effect on endometrial can
115 ntamination of aquatic environments and some progestins have in experimental studies been shown to im
117 ve of these (four synthetic and one natural) progestins have so far been studied in sewage effluent a
118 d to activate human PR, but older generation progestins have unwanted androgenic side effects in huma
119 that contained a combination of estrogen and progestin (hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.10-1.70) compar
120 us thromboembolism (VTE) may use estrogen or progestin hormonal therapy to control the menstrual blee
126 .26), and, to a lesser extent, estrogen-plus-progestin HT (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.83), although r
127 sessed the association between estrogen plus progestin HT or unopposed estrogen HT and young-onset br
130 an equally potent and efficacious endogenous progestin in the horse but that the PR evolved with incr
131 endogenously synthesized DHP is a biopotent progestin in the horse ends decades of speculation, expl
132 initiated ET alone or in combination with a progestin in the late postmenopausal stage (ages 65-79 y
133 and reproductive effects of P4 and synthetic progestins in fish, and effects of the antiprogestin mif
134 score the need to evaluate neural actions of progestins in the rational design of hormone therapy.
135 se results reveal a novel mechanism, whereby progestins increase the stem cell-like population in hor
137 with normal cognition, estrogen and estrogen-progestin increased risk for dementia or a combined outc
141 rential display) gene, first identified as a progestin-induced gene in T-47D breast cancer cells, enc
145 ollowing control for time from estrogen-plus-progestin initiation and confounding, hazard ratio estim
146 r recent sex) and being amenorrhoeic (due to progestin-injectable use), but not recent vaginal cleans
150 ument induction of the CK5-positive cells by progestins, it is unknown if other 3-ketosteroids share
151 teral displacement responses when endogenous progestin levels were elevated compared to when progesti
154 this study, the ability of the contraceptive progestin levonorgestrel to bind chemically with hydrosi
156 hyl-19-norpregna-4,9-dien-3,20-dione (R5020) progestin limited this effect and was counteracted by th
159 eutic approach utilizing Akt inhibitors with progestins may improve the efficacy of progestin therapy
160 cent clinical trials indicate that synthetic progestins may stimulate progression of breast cancer in
162 /2, whereas siRNA knockdown of MKP-1 blocked progestin-mediated ERK1/2 dephosphorylation and repressi
163 dy, we investigated the role of microRNAs in progestin-mediated expansion of this dedifferentiated tu
166 t both natural progesterone and the clinical progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate block estrogen neu
168 Women with a uterus received estrogen plus progestin (medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg/day) or pl
169 usal women, whereas combined estrogen plus a progestin (medroxyprogesterone acetate, MPA) HRT increas
173 cer model additionally included estrogen and progestin menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use, other MH
174 The results strongly suggest that synthetic progestins merit serious consideration as environmental
175 evaluated interactions between CHRT use and progestin metabolism genotypes at CYP3A4 and the progest
177 e randomly assigned to receive estrogen plus progestin (n = 8,240), given as 0.625 mg/day conjugated
178 Sustained Erk1/2 activation in response to progestins occurred via a novel mechanism distinct from
181 ivity prompted us to evaluate the effects of progestins on tenofovir (TFV) and TFV-alafenamide (TAF)
182 ne the potencies of four different synthetic progestins on the reproductive capabilities of the fathe
184 betes, while additional pregnancy and use of progestin-only contraception were marginally associated
191 In this cohort, 152 women used injectable progestin-only contraceptives, 43 used other forms of co
193 Of these eight, all reported findings for progestin-only injectables, and seven also reported find
194 Women who currently or recently used the progestin-only intrauterine system also had a higher ris
196 d products, 2.29 (95% CI=1.77-2.95) for oral progestin-only products, 2.58 (95% CI=2.06-3.22) for vag
198 amic acid (during menstrual flow), high-dose progestin-only therapy, or combined hormonal contracepti
201 II trial of oral ridaforolimus compared with progestin or investigator choice chemotherapy (comparato
202 cation, (2) metformin vs placebo or estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives, (3) insulin-sensitizing a
203 mice were treated with placebo or one of two progestins, P4 or levonorgestrel (LNG), and infected wit
204 mean of 5.6 years among 16 128 estrogen plus progestin participants, and 683 cases over a mean of 7.1
205 the CK5-positive population by the synthetic progestin (Pg) R5020 in luminal breast cancer cells both
206 uited to the STC1 promoter in the absence of progestin; PR Lys-388 sumoylation was required for HDAC3
207 While the immunomodulatory properties of progestins protected immunologically naive female mice f
209 stosterone (T), alone or in combination with progestin, provides a promising approach to hormonal mal
210 ffects of progesterone (P4) or the synthetic progestin R5020 on ERK1/2 phosphorylation were independe
211 east cancer cells treated with the synthetic progestin R5020 revealed a subset of progesterone recept
212 inhibitor, MK-2206 (MK), in conjunction with progestin (R5020) treatment, is sufficient to upregulate
213 alpha), estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta), and progestin receptor (PR) immunoreactivities are localized
214 or instance, the sex difference in perinatal progestin receptor (PR) immunoreactivity in the medial p
216 of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, ERbeta and progestin receptor (PR) with LENK-labeled MF pathway pro
218 -1 down-regulated the expression of membrane progestin receptor alpha (mPRalpha), the intermediary in
219 post-synaptic GPCRs, including the membrane progestin receptor, the corticotropin releasing hormone
223 e (WHI) clinical trial, use of estrogen plus progestin reduced the colorectal cancer diagnosis rate,
225 Further optimisation of specific androgen-progestin regimens and phase 3 studies of lead combinati
226 phorylation of PR Ser81 is ck2 dependent and progestin regulated in intact cells but also occurs in t
227 ed Ser79/81 phosphorylation for basal and/or progestin-regulated (BIRC3, HSD11beta2, and HbEGF) expre
228 alth Initiative (WHI) and Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS), studied the role of
229 e genotyped 2090 women in Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study for functional polymorphisms
232 We show that the contraction-associated and progestin-sensitive genes (oxytocin receptor, connexin 4
234 assays performed in the absence of exogenous progestin; similar results were obtained in PR-null/ER+
235 iodine-substituted 16alpha,17alpha-dioxolane progestins, some of which, when appropriately radiolabel
236 (p=0.0488), suggesting that a naturally high progestin state had similar immunological effects to inj
238 re increased for estrogen (stroke), estrogen-progestin (stroke, coronary heart disease, invasive brea
241 tive (WHI) indicated that long-term estrogen/progestin supplementation led to increased incidence of
242 ysis of cofactor usage (O2 and NADPH) showed progestin synthesis reactions to exhibit high robustness
243 agnoses in the group receiving estrogen plus progestin than in the placebo group in the initial 2 yea
244 ulations, including those that contain newer progestins that lower blood pressure, as well as the non
245 alth Initiative (WHI) trial of estrogen plus progestin, the use of menopausal hormone therapy in the
246 suggest a potential target of environmental progestins, the circadian rhythm network, in addition to
248 with progestins may improve the efficacy of progestin therapy for the treatment of endometrial cance
251 rial cancers; however, the response rates to progestin therapy vary and the molecular mechanisms behi
252 rd ratio for continuous use of estrogen plus progestin therapy was 2.36 (95% CI, 1.55 to 3.62) for th
254 endometrioid tumors were found with estrogen/progestin therapy, whereas no association was found with
256 ted recent inconsistent findings that adding progestins to postmenopausal estrogen replacement therap
258 or (pdC1-INH) for acute swelling attacks and progestins, tranexamic acid, and danazol for the prevent
259 ion of prolactin, a decidual marker gene, in progestin-treated HESCs without the need of simultaneous
262 hich this occurs, we documented that chronic progestin treatment blunted ER-mediated gene expression
265 n contrast, following challenge with maH3N2, progestin treatment reduced survival as well as the numb
266 1 PR-B was recruited to the STAT5A gene upon progestin treatment, suggestive of a feed-forward mechan
268 -1.24; P=0.05), but not in the estrogen plus progestin trial (hazard ratio, 1.07; CI, 0.91-1.25; P=0.
272 from the Women's Health Initiative estrogen-progestin trial, which found that menopausal hormone the
273 he corresponding relative risks according to progestin type were as follows: desogestrel, 1.5 (1.3 to
275 roke and myocardial infarction, according to progestin type: norethindrone, 2.2 (1.5 to 3.2) and 2.3
278 ger association in postmenopausal women with progestin use (beta=-0.028, p=7.3x10(-5)) than in those
279 tified gene-environment interactions between progestin use and MUC1 and between insulin and TRPM6 on
283 easing time from initiation of estrogen-plus-progestin use, and observational study hazard ratio esti
284 These findings differ from estrogen-plus-progestin use, for which significantly increased abnorma
285 nd within the first 2 years of estrogen plus progestin use, including in women who initiated therapy
287 to medroxyprogesterone acetate, a synthetic progestin used in postmenopausal hormone replacement the
289 31,480 estradiol users and 131,248 estradiol-progestin users), and meningioma cases were identified f
292 nsity (BIRADS-4), particularly estrogen plus progestin users: women age 55 to 59 years, 5-year risk w
293 alth Initiative (WHI) trial of estrogen plus progestin vs placebo was stopped early, after a mean 5.6
295 l follow-up on March 31, 2005, estrogen plus progestin was associated with more invasive breast cance
297 riptional activity occurred independently of progestins, was increased by activated CDK2, and attenua
298 ast cancer, where both natural and synthetic progestins were found to antagonize the mitogenic effect
299 in the presence or absence of estradiol and progestin, whereas LMMP readily grew under these conditi
300 (MPA) and dydrogesterone (DDG) are synthetic progestins widely used in human and veterinary medicine.
301 an oral contraceptive in combination with a progestin, without increasing the level of coagulation f
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