ライフサイエンスコーパス: prolapse

1 med transvaginal surgeries to correct apical prolapse.

2 nually in the United States for pelvic organ prolapse.

3 overgrowth with villous atrophy, and rectal prolapse.

4 air for regurgitation from posterior leaflet prolapse.

5 of mitral regurgitation (MR) in mitral valve prolapse.

6 nt in the pathogenesis of MR in mitral valve prolapse.

7 sociated with significant MR in mitral valve prolapse.

8 nal walls are chronically exposed because of prolapse.

9 epidemiology and prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse.

10 patients at risk for developing pelvic organ prolapse.

11 mesh kits for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse.

12 n of mitral regurgitant jets in mitral valve prolapse.

13 sional (3D) echocardiography of mitral valve prolapse.

14 in the pathogenesis of sporadic mitral valve prolapse.

15 atients with high-grade anterior compartment prolapse.

16 atients with high-grade anterior compartment prolapse.

17 or for defecatory disorders and pelvic organ prolapse.

18 ed the available treatments for pelvic organ prolapse.

19 ave been developed to address apical vaginal prolapse.

20 tive diagnostic criteria, as in mitral valve prolapse.

21 gesting that factors related to aging led to prolapse.

22 95% CI, 2.1%-3.7%) experiencing pelvic organ prolapse.

23 mponents in the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse.

24 compared with Fbln3(-[supi]/-) mice without prolapse.

25 ues from Fbln3(-[supi]/-) mice regardless of prolapse.

26 chments of the vagina, or both, resulting in prolapse.

27 oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) develop pelvic organ prolapse.

28 tion of vaginal bulging, none is specific to prolapse.

29 with severe MR (3 to 4+) due to mitral valve prolapse.

30 stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.

31 stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.

32 r is the treatment of choice for symptomatic prolapse.

33 al regurgitation (MR) caused by mitral valve prolapse.

34 referring patients with complex mitral valve prolapse.

35 pse compared with those without pelvic organ prolapse.

36 raphy revealing myxomatous mitral valve with prolapse.

37 aortic valve calcification, and mitral valve prolapse); (3) considerations in replacement and repair

38 More than half the women with prolapse (54.7%) (n = 41) reported striae, whereas only

39 chronic moderate and severe OMR (flail 25%, prolapse 75%) defined by using the ECHO-derived integrat

40 At baseline, 399 (97%) women had prolapse above or at the level of the hymen.

41 usted OR, 11.25; P = .003), and conjunctival prolapse (adjusted OR, 7.10; P = .03).

42 inence, fecal incontinence, and pelvic organ prolapse) affect many women.

43 Recurrence of apical prolapse after RALS appears to be similar to that in con

44 er some of these anatomic findings may favor prolapse after vaginal birth may be questioned.

45 n), or severe (billowing accompanied by iris prolapse and >/=2 mm of pupil constriction).

46 termine the association between pelvic organ prolapse and exfoliation syndrome in women enrolled in M

47 atched them to 90 patients with mitral valve prolapse and holosystolic MR for age, gender, atrial fib

48 nefit for symptomatic relief of pelvic organ prolapse and improvement of quality of life.

49 Other complications included prolapse and infections of the graft stoma.

50 rovides unprecedented images of mitral valve prolapse and its associated mitral regurgitation with no

51 ntified MR in 111 patients with mitral valve prolapse and mid-late systolic MR and matched them to 90

52 tape was examined in women with pelvic organ prolapse and older in age.

53 e hernias including inguinal hernias, pelvic prolapse and protrusions of the xiphoid process.

54 Intraoperative iris billowing and prolapse and pupil size were recorded and videotaped.

55 Eleven patients with posterior leaflet prolapse and severe MR, with mean+/-SD age of 65+/-13 ye

56 cts, including 36 patients with mitral valve prolapse and significant MR (>/=3+; MR+ group), 32 patie

57 ergoing surgery to treat both apical vaginal prolapse and stress urinary incontinence was conducted b

58 Two years after vaginal surgery for prolapse and stress urinary incontinence, neither ULS no

59 es varied greatly depending on the nature of prolapse and surgical approach.

60 also be effective in secondary prevention of prolapse and the need for future treatment.

61 affecting adult women, include pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence.

62 severe mitral regurgitation, despite larger prolapse and valve redundancy, underscoring potential co

63 rt a strong association between mitral valve prolapse and viridans group streptococcal IE in a popula

64 s are classified as degenerative (with valve prolapse) and ischaemic (ie, due to consequences of coro

65 2 (95% CI, 0.04-0.20) excluding mitral valve prolapse, and 0.44 (95% CI, 0.15-0.73) for >/= moderate

66 of scoliosis, pectus excavatum, mitral valve prolapse, and mutations in the CFTR gene.

67 as observed with regard to blood loss, pain, prolapse, and problems with defecation (P < 0.05).

68 d echocardiographic features of mitral valve prolapse, and the pathophysiology and genetics of the di

69 terior capsule tear, intraoperative vitreous prolapse, and use of pupillary expansion devices.

70 aditional procedures for posterior or apical prolapses, and minimal data suggesting anatomic benefit

71 d myopathic repairs by quantifying segmental prolapse, anterior leaflet closing angles, and tenting f

72 Many women with pelvic organ prolapse are asymptomatic and do not need treatment.

73 Though most mitral valve prolapse are asymptomatic those that cause severe regurg

74 hic features can predict which patients with prolapse are at highest risk for complications, and that

75 undergoing vaginal surgery for pelvic-organ prolapse are at risk for postoperative urinary incontine

76 Myxomatous mitral valve with prolapse are classically seen with abnormal leaflet appo

77 Women with prolapse are often advised to do pelvic floor muscle exe

78 ates alone, more than 338,000 procedures for prolapse are performed annually.

79 ession on CT or echocardiogram, mitral valve prolapse, arrhythmia, or restrictive lung disease.

80 e, the pathological hallmark of mitral valve prolapse, associated with symptomatic mitral regurgitati

81 bulge symptoms, and (3) no re-treatment for prolapse at 2 years.

82 that are well accepted in the management of prolapse, because they are minimally invasive and with f

83 agina, or anterior or posterior vaginal wall prolapse beyond the hymen.

84 intraoperative residual MR, anterior leaflet prolapse, bileaflet prolapse, perfusion time >90 min, an

85 are undergoing abdominal sacrocolpopexy for prolapse, Burch colposuspension significantly reduced po

86 +; MR+ group), 32 patients with mitral valve prolapse but no or mild MR (</=2+; MR- group), 12 patien

87 Women of any age who had stage 1-3 prolapse, but had not sought treatment, were randomly as

88 fibulin-5-knockout mice develop pelvic organ prolapse by 20 weeks of age.

89 and the presence or absence of vaginal wall prolapse can all significantly impact on the potential s

90 Surgical strategies for prolapse can be categorised broadly by reconstructive an

91 dures for anterior and posterior compartment prolapse cannot be recommended for primary prolapse repa

92 ct of PFD, total and by domain (pelvic organ prolapse, colorectal-anal, and urogenital).

93 clinical specimens of sporadic mitral valve prolapse compared with explanted nondiseased mitral valv

94 gnificantly in Fbln3(-[supi]/-) animals with prolapse compared with Fbln3(-[supi]/-) mice without pro

95 ion syndrome risk in women with pelvic organ prolapse compared with those without pelvic organ prolap

96 tely, abdominal mesh repair of vaginal vault prolapse compared with vaginal non-mesh repair.

97 atients, predominantly women, with bileaflet prolapse, complex ventricular ectopy (VE), and abnormal

98 The surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse continues to evolve.

99 ocolpopexy for the treatment of pelvic-organ prolapse decreases postoperative stress urinary incontin

100 Prolapse development is multifactorial, with vaginal chi

101 65 years at baseline who had a pelvic organ prolapse diagnosis compared with controls during 20 year

102 s were prolapse symptom scores (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory; range 0-300, higher scores

103 0005, 95% CI: 3.8-13.5) and the pelvic organ prolapse domain (P = 0.015, 95% CI: 0.6-9.5).

104 standard for evaluation of leaflet flail and prolapse due to high sensitivity and specificity.

105 esent a comprehensive review of mitral valve prolapse, examining normal mitral anatomy, the clinical

106 ch for treatment of uterine or vaginal vault prolapse following hysterectomy.

107 ncluded surgical operations for pelvic organ prolapse for this review.

108 riae, whereas only 25.0% of women in the non-prolapse group (n = 8) reported striae (P < 0.01).

109 lthough no effective prevention strategy for prolapse has been identified, considerations include wei

110 Plaque prolapse has been observed in up to 22% of patients trea

111 ent of defecatory disorders and pelvic organ prolapse has highlighted the limitations of physical exa

112 f multiple parameters, such as orifice area, prolapse height and volume in mitral valve disease, area

113 Prolapse height and volume increased little throughout s

114 included canalicular cheese-wiring and tube prolapse in approximately 4% each.

115 Pelvic organ prolapse in Fbln5-/- mice was remarkably similar to that

116 ry event in the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse in mice.

117 the pathological progression of mitral valve prolapse in patients.

118 eneration is the most common cause of mitral prolapse in the United States and Europe, and progressio

119 was more frequent in women with pelvic organ prolapse in the Utah Population Database, a robust popul

120 cative information about female pelvic organ prolapse-information that usually can only be inferred b

121 Mitral valve prolapse is a common condition that is a risk factor for

122 Pelvic organ prolapse is a common connective tissue disorder that aff

123 Mitral valve prolapse is a common disorder with a strong hereditary c

124 Mitral valve prolapse is a common valvular abnormality but the pathog

125 Mitral valve prolapse is a common valvular abnormality that is the mo

126 Pelvic organ prolapse is closely related to SUI, and the genes though

127 Pelvic organ prolapse is common and is strongly associated with child

128 Mitral valve prolapse is defined as abnormal bulging of the mitral va

129 Pelvic organ prolapse is downward descent of female pelvic organs, in

130 One-to-one pelvic floor muscle training for prolapse is effective for improvement of prolapse sympto

131 rall prognosis of patients with mitral valve prolapse is excellent, but a small subset will develop s

132 Pelvic organ prolapse is strongly associated with a history of vagina

133 When prolapse is symptomatic, options include observation, pe

134 Europe, and progression of myxomatous mitral prolapse is the most common cause of mitral regurgitatio

135 y and mesh repairs for anterior vaginal wall prolapse, it is apparent that although mesh repair had s

136 rdiography to the ventricular surface of the prolapsed leaflet.

137 wall, suggesting a myocardial stretch by the prolapsing leaflet, is the structural hallmark and corre

138 OI; n = 29; 30%), sarcoidosis (n = 19; 20%), prolapsed LG (n = 15; 15%), lymphoma (n = 11; 11%), lymp

139 DVD for home use (intervention group), or a prolapse lifestyle advice leaflet (control group).

140 ogramme of pelvic floor muscle training or a prolapse lifestyle advice leaflet and no muscle training

141 involved in the development of pelvic organ prolapse may also be linked to the development of SUI.

142 Correction of prolapse may eventually entail the use of specially desi

143 altered ECM metabolism, such as pelvic organ prolapse, may share common biological pathways with exfo

144 s revealed that the percent of necrotic core prolapse, medial tear, or incomplete apposition was sign

145 m represents the following manifestations: a prolapsed mitral valve, myopia, aortic root enlargement,

146 o investigate the prevalence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and its association with ventricular arrh

147 Knowledge of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) inheritance is based on pedigree observat

148 Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common cardiac valve disease that af

149 Nonsyndromic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common degenerative cardiac valvulop

150 Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common disorder associated with mitr

151 Although the vast majority of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is benign, a small subset of patients, pr

152 Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is characterized by myxomatous leaflets a

153 Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) may present with ventricular arrhythmias

154 Longitudinal studies of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) progression among unselected individuals

155 mitral valves in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP).

156 nclude aortic root dilation and mitral valve prolapse (MVP).

157 ng as controls who did not have pelvic organ prolapse (n = 15338).

158 at baseline with a diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse (n = 5130) compared with birth year-matched wom

159 the first mutation in familial mitral valve prolapse not related to connective tissue syndromes - an

160 Current surgical therapies for prolapse now include augmentation with synthetic mesh, w

161 in 8 eyes (72.7%); lens damage and vitreous prolapse occurred in 2 eyes (18.1%).

162 -)), and overt vaginal, perineal, and rectal prolapse occurred in 26.9% of animals.

163 If significant miosis or iris prolapse occurred, IPH was injected during phacoemulsifi

164 risk factor for the development of clinical prolapse (odds ratio 3.12, P < 0.05).

165 Age, isolated prolapse of the anterior leaflet, the degree of myxomato

166 Prolapse of the conjoined aortic valve cusp toward the l

167 gastrulate, but approximately 90% develop a prolapse of the hindgut by the late prism stage ( approx

168 xcessive mechanical stress and the resulting prolapse of the nucleus pulposus.

169 nce of striae may predict pelvic relaxation (prolapse of the pelvic organs) in later life.

170 Dchs1(+/-) mice had prolapse of thickened mitral leaflets, which could be tr

171 oms of stress incontinence and with anterior prolapse (of stage 2 or higher on a Pelvic Organ Prolaps

172 g only), moderate (billowing and either iris prolapse or >/=2 mm of pupil constriction), or severe (b

173 No patient had MV prolapse or flail and 1 had residual moderate-to-severe

174 Significant miosis, iris prolapse, or both occurred in 54.76% of eyes in group 2,

175 not improve urinary symptoms at 6 months or prolapse outcomes at 2 years.

176 s will help relieve symptomatic mitral valve prolapse patients.

177 assembly in the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse, pelvic organ support was characterized in Fbln

178 ual MR, anterior leaflet prolapse, bileaflet prolapse, perfusion time >90 min, and lack of annuloplas

179 is, membrane-permeable pCPT-cAMP rescues the prolapse phenotype in C5a knockdown embryos, and causes

180 lin-5 gene (Fbln5(-/-)) develop pelvic organ prolapse (POP) due to compromised elastic fibers and upr

181 Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition affecting almost ha

182 Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common, debilitating disorder affect

183 Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a disabling disorder in women characte

184 nthetic graft, has been used in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair and stress urinary incontinence (S

185 EVIEW: Mesh used for slings and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair has resulted in increased efficacy

186 ually adapted new techniques in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair in order to improve both anatomic

187 use of commercial mesh kits in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair.

188 concerning the indications for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery in women who present with stress

189 s more women undergo repairs of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), an ever-increasing scrutiny has been pla

190 oor disorders (PFDs), including pelvic organ prolapse (POP), stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urge

191 nually in the United States for pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

192 ive surgery in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP); however, the robotic industry and decrea

193 We examined operatively excised portions of prolapsed posterior mitral leaflets in 37 patients havin

194 raoperative iris trauma, intraoperative iris prolapse, posterior capsular tear, anterior capsule tear

195 of this research was to evaluate the plaque prolapse (PP) phenomenon after bare-metal (BMS) and drug

196 Mitral regurgitation (MR) of mitral valve prolapse predominates in late systole but may be holosys

197 ng a first, single incontinence procedure or prolapse procedure during 1997-98 to 2015-16 identified

198 riod, 18 986 women underwent a first, single prolapse procedure, 1279 (7%) of which used mesh.

199 and quality of life after transvaginal mesh prolapse procedures.

200 are clinicopathological features with rectal prolapse, proctitis cystica profunda (PCP) and inflammat

201 oduction of novel approaches to pelvic organ prolapse provide further options when considering approp

202 ailure requiring retreatment or Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification evaluation demonstrating descent

203 apse (of stage 2 or higher on a Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system examination) who were pla

204 not have SUI preoperatively (with or without prolapse reduction).

205 Mean prolapse-related quality-of-life scores also did not dif

206 Prolapse-related quality-of-life scores at 2 years were:

207 Score [POP-SS]) and condition-specific (ie, prolapse-related) quality-of-life scores, analysed in th

208 abdominal mesh procedures for vaginal vault prolapse repair are associated with similar effectivenes

209 stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse repair are examined.

210 Long-term outcome data for prolapse repair are rare.

211 le aims to discuss the techniques of robotic prolapse repair as well as morbidity, cost and clinical

212 The use of synthetic materials in prolapse repair demands critical examination, given the

213 nsidered the gold standard for vaginal vault prolapse repair for several decades.

214 s, the use of synthetic materials in vaginal prolapse repair has been increasing despite the lack of

215 of native tissue repair of anterior vaginal prolapse repair in the mesh era.

216 We aimed to compare the outcomes of prolapse repair involving either synthetic mesh inlays o

217 e stress urinary incontinence at the time of prolapse repair is controversial.

218 e of treatment of the urethra at the time of prolapse repair should be discussed with the patient wit

219 durethral sling may be placed at the time of prolapse repair to reduce this risk.

220 and clinical) are post-MUS and pelvic organ prolapse repair urinary retention and obstruction, and u

221 ence interval, 3.7-12.7) for external rectal prolapse repair was noted.

222 t prolapse cannot be recommended for primary prolapse repair.

223 preferred approach to abdominal pelvic organ prolapse repair.

224 different vaginal approaches to pelvic organ prolapse repair.

225 nimally invasive techniques for pelvic organ prolapse repair.

226 erlying reason for performing mesh-augmented prolapse repair.

227 c anti-incontinence procedure at the time of prolapse repair.

228 omplications compared with transvaginal mesh prolapse repairs.

229 Regurgitation was related primarily to cusp (prolapse, restriction) and commissure (splaying) morphol

230 ent difference, -6.7; 95% CI, -19.7 to 6.2), prolapse scores at 24 months (adjusted treatment differe

231 , liquid, or mucous stool), and pelvic organ prolapse (seeing/feeling a bulge in or outside the vagin

232 Pelvic floor muscle training can reduce prolapse severity and symptoms in women seeking treatmen

233 Prolapse severity increased with age but not parity.

234 Women with symptoms suggestive of prolapse should undergo a pelvic examination and medical

235 hree or less vs more than three deliveries), prolapse stage (above the hymen vs at or beyond the hyme

236 her incontinence (aIRR 3.20 [2.06-4.96]) and prolapse surgery (1.69 [1.29-2.20]); and a substantially

237 aRR] 0.44 [95% CI 0.36-0.55]) and subsequent prolapse surgery (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 0

238 ed with a similarly increased risk of repeat prolapse surgery and later complications.

239 ansvaginal anterior or posterior compartment prolapse surgery by 65 gynaecological surgeons in these

240 efining a successful outcome of pelvic organ prolapse surgery from a symptomatic perspective instead

241 RECENT FINDINGS: Success in pelvic organ prolapse surgery has been redefined.

242 aginal mesh and biological graft material in prolapse surgery is controversial and has led to a numbe

243 ic midurethral sling inserted during vaginal prolapse surgery resulted in a lower rate of urinary inc

244 eview of vaginal approaches for pelvic organ prolapse surgery with and without mesh.

245 muscle training (BPMT) improves outcomes of prolapse surgery.

246 fine a successful outcome after pelvic organ prolapse surgery.

247 ns, further incontinence surgery, or further prolapse surgery.

248 nation) who were planning to undergo vaginal prolapse surgery.

249 ts of mesh or graft reinforcement in vaginal prolapse surgery.

250 d controlled trials for our study (PROSPECT [PROlapse Surgery: Pragmatic Evaluation and randomised Co

251 anti-incontinence procedures at the time of prolapse surgery; however, applying these data to midure

252 ted prolapse symptoms (i.e. the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score [POP-SS]) and condition-specific

253 cantly greater reduction in the pelvic organ prolapse symptom score [POP-SS]) at 12 months than those

254 elf-reported prolapse symptoms (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score [POP-SS]) at 2 years.

255 worse), and primary outcomes at 2 years were prolapse symptom scores (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress

256 year and 2 years, were participant-reported prolapse symptoms (i.e. the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Sympto

257 men in the intervention group reported fewer prolapse symptoms (ie, a significantly greater reduction

258 The primary outcome was self-reported prolapse symptoms (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score [

259 ry endpoint was participants' self-report of prolapse symptoms at 12 months.

260 ed pelvic floor muscle training for reducing prolapse symptoms.

261 small, but probably important, reduction in prolapse symptoms.

262 small, but probably important, reduction in prolapse symptoms.

263 for prolapse is effective for improvement of prolapse symptoms.

264 p; therefore collectively grouped as mucosal prolapse syndrome.

265 opic ventral mesh rectopexy (LVR) for rectal prolapse syndromes in a large cohort of consecutive pati

266 ective for the treatment of different rectal prolapse syndromes.

267 e likely to present with a posterior leaflet prolapse than those undergoing MV replacement.

268 MR of mitral valve prolapse that is purely mid-late systolic causes more be

269 r the treatment of symptomatic vaginal vault prolapse that is rapidly gaining popularity among both u

270 method of choice for diagnosing mitral valve prolapse, that clinical and echocardiographic features c

271 nt conditions, such as advanced pelvic organ prolapse, that may require referral.

272 ms (rectal bleeding, perianal irritation and prolapse), the best option for treatment depends upon pe

273 n to the excision or repositioning of lax or prolapsed tissues, surgeons must assess and treat facial

274 ere obtained from patients with mitral valve prolapse undergoing mitral valve repair or from organ do

275 etween exfoliation syndrome and pelvic organ prolapse using the Utah Population Database, a comprehen

276 stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse using transvaginal mesh.

277 were extracted; annulus size, leaflet area, prolapse volume, tethering volume, bending angle, and pa

278 Pelvic organ prolapse was associated with a 1.56-fold increased risk

279 repair, mesh repair of anterior compartment prolapse was associated with a similar risk of immediate

280 repair, mesh repair of posterior compartment prolapse was associated with a similarly increased risk

281 iation of the lens capsule) and pelvic organ prolapse was investigated as part of the Utah Project on

282 Plaque prolapse was more frequent in the right coronary artery

283 g thrombus burden: presence of necrotic core prolapse was more frequent in thrombosed lesions compare

284 Plaque prolapse was not associated with stent thrombosis or inc

285 e intraoperative miosis, iris billowing, and prolapse was noted during routine phacoemulsification in

286 Prolapse was posterior in 62%, bileaflet in 26%, and ant

287 Mitral valve prolapse was present in 18% (216) of 1215 patients and a

288 g the use of synthetic mesh for pelvic organ prolapse, we did a retrospective review of the evidence-

289 nt to healthcare providers with pelvic organ prolapse, we need a better understanding of its incidenc

290 s after parturition, leading to pelvic organ prolapse, weakening of the vaginal wall, paraurethral pa

291 %), non-injury wounds (9%), and pelvic organ prolapse were also prevalent.

292 regurgitation (MR) due to isolated posterior prolapse were included in this TACT (Transapical Artific

293 y-diagnosed, symptomatic stage I, II, or III prolapse were randomly assigned (1:1), by remote compute

294 who chose to undergo sacrocolpopexy to treat prolapse were randomly assigned to concomitant Burch col

295 differ significantly (P > 0.05), except for prolapse, which improved more in the non-Doppler group (

296 ble in number by the year 2030, pelvic organ prolapse will become more prevalent.

297 Treatment of mitral prolapse with regurgitation is complex, and the technolo

298 ntrolled trials evaluating repair of vaginal prolapse with the use of mesh and a paucity of data on l

299 agement of both asymptomatic and symptomatic prolapse, with particular attention to the timing and te

300 syndrome risk in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (without exfoliation syndrome history) compared